【单选题】
Directions：For questions 1-7，choose the best answer from the four choices markedA、，B、，C、andD、For questions 8-10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage．
Exchange Rates：A、Brief History ofExchange Rates
For centuries，the currencies of the world were backed by golD、That is，a piece of paper currency issued by any world government represented a real amount of gold held in a vault by that government．In the 1930s，the U.S.set the value of the dollar at 8 single，unchanging level：l ounce of gold was worth $35．After World War II，other countries based the value of their currencies on the U.S.dollar．Since everyone knew how much gold a U.S.dollar was worth，then the value of any other currency against the dollar could be based on its value in golD、A、currency worth twice as much gold as a U.S.dollar was，therefore，also worth two U.S.dollars．
Unfortunately，the real world of economics outpaced this system．The U.S.dollar suffered from inflation(its value relative to the goods it could purchase decreased)，while other currencies became more valuable and more stable．Finally，in 1971，the U.S.took away the gold standard altogether．This meant that the dollar no longer represented an actual amount of a precious substance-market forces alone determined its value．
Today，the U.S.dollar still dominates many financial markets．In fact，exchange rates are often expressed in terms of U.S.dollars．Currently，the U.S.dollar and the euro account for approximately 50 percent of all currency exchange transactions in the worlD、AddingBritish pounds，Canadian dollars，Australian dollars，and Japanese yen to the list accounts for over 80 percent of currency exchanges altogether．
Methods ofExchange：the FloatingExchange Rate
There are two main systems used to determine a currency’s exchange rate：floating currency and pegged currency．The market determines a floating exchange rate．In other words，a currency is worth whatever buyers are willing to pay for it．This is determined by supply and demand，which is in turn driven by foreign investment，import/export ratios，inflation，and a host of other economic factors．
Generally，countries with mature，stable economic markets will use a floating system．Virtually every major nation uses this system，including the U.S.，Canada and GreatBritain．Floating exchange rates are considered more efficient，because the market will automatically correct the rate to reflect inflation and other economic forces．
The floating system isn’t perfect，though．If a country’s economy suffers from instability，a floating system will discourage investment．Investors could fall victim to wild swings in the exchange rates，as well as disastrous inflation．
Methods ofExchange：the PeggedExchange Rate
A、pegged，or fixed system，is one in which the exchange rate is set and artificially maintained by the government．The rate will be pegged to some other country’s dollar，usually the U.S.dollar．The rate will not fluctuate from day to day．
A、government has to work to keep their pegged rate stable．Their national bank must hold large reserves of foreign currency to mitigate changes in supply and demanD、If a sudden demand for a currency was to drive up the exchange rate，the national bank would have to release enough of that currency into the market to meet the demanD、They can also buy up currency if low demand is lowering exchange rates．
Countries that have immature，potentially unstable economies usually use a pegged system．Developing nations can use this system to prevent out-of-control inflation．The system can backfire，however，if the real world market value of the currency is not reflected by the pegged rate．In that case，a
网考网参考答案：B
网考网解析：
[解析] 细节题。由题干确定答案在小标题Methods of Exchange：Hybrids下第二段第一句和第二句Floating systems aren’t really left to the mercy of market forces，either．Governments using floating exchange rates make changes to their national economic policy that can affect exchange rates，directly or indirectly．(在浮动汇率系统下，政府应调整国家经济政策直接或间接地干预汇率，而不是完全让市场做主)。所以答案选择B。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>
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