GMAT考试易错题(2019/1/7) |
第1题:某人以6公里/小时的平均速度上山。上山后立即以12公里/小时的平均速度原路返回.那么此人在往返过程中每小时平均所走的公里数为(). A.9 B、8 C、7 D、6 E、5 |
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第2题:The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage.After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question.Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Pretty much everybody agrees that clean air is a good thing, rightEvidently not so. Since the 1960s, when people started talking about clean air in the first place, theAmerican energy industry, which includes coal companies, oil companies, and utility companies, has dragged its heels on every initiative to improve the quality of the air we breathe.Even after theCleanAirAct of 1970 and its amendments in 1977 and 1990 made it clear that controlling air pollution is a national priority, these companies have found tricks and loopholes to avoid compliance. Perhaps the most egregious loophole is the one that allows older power plants to disregard limits on sulfux dioxide emissions until they undergo a major renovation, at which point they have to comply. Sulfur dioxide from coal-burning power plants is the primary cause of acid rain in NorthAmericA、TheCleanAirAct states that when coal-burning power plants upgrade their equipment, they must then comply with sulfur dioxide limitations by either installing scrubbing equipment that cleans the emissions or using fuel with lower sulfur content. The law tied the timing of compliance to major renovations in order to give power plants a grace period in which to comply. Many power plants, however, have exploited a loophole in this law by instituting a series of "minor" renovations that, in effect, upgrade their equipment without requiring them to comply with theCleanAirAct. Some plants have cheated the system by undergoing "minor" renovations for decades. The power companies claim that they have to resort to these underhanded measures because the cost of compliance with theCleanAirAct is too high.And if everyone else is cheating the system, why should they have to install costly sulfur dioxide scrubbers This cost argument falls apart upon scrutiny. Since 1977, more than 400 power plants across the country have managed to comply with the restrictions and are still making money. The sulfur dioxide scrubbing equipment has turned out to be far less expensive than the power industry naysayers claimed it would be. Many power plants have even complied with the emissions limits and reduced their operating costs by switching from high-sulfurAppalachian coal to the low-sulfur coal produced in western states such as Wyoming and Idaho. Western coal is not only cleaner than eastern coal, but also, because it is generally closer to the surface, as much as 30 percent less expensive to extract. Clearly, the costs of compliance with theCleanAirAct can be justified, but if these companies were honest, such justifications would not have to be made. If they were honest, they would acknowledge the costs of not complying: the health costs of increased rates of asthma and lung cancer in high-emissions areas; the environmental costs of acid-scarred forests and lakes; the aesthetic costs of a haze of sulfur dioxide cutting visibility across the eastern United States to only half of what it was in pre-industrial times. When you look at the true costs you have to ask, is any cost too high for clean air Which of the following statements, if true, would provide the strongest argument for a utility company spokesman wishing to refute the arguments expressed in the passage A、Over the last decade, the energy industry has funded an environmental initiative that has planted more than 200,000 new trees. B、The dangers of acid rain to human health have been wildly exaggerated by environmental extremists who seek to scare the general publiC、 C、The specifications of theCleanAirAct, although well intentioned, in practice require power plants to adopt less efficient te |
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第3题:The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage.After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question.Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Since the 1970s, a multitude of scientists from the fields of climatology, oceanography, and biology have been warning the governments of the world that unless human societies reduce their emissions of "greenhouse gases"--gases such as carbon dioxide and methane that increase the capacity of the atmosphere to retain heat--world-wide global warming caused by these gases will result in catastrophic consequences for people and the environment. InDecember 1997, a group of delegates from over 100 nations gathered together in Kyoto, Japan, in order to work out the details of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations FrameworkConvention onClimateChange, the most comprehensive international effort to date to combat the rise of greenhouse gas emissions. The chief goal of the Kyoto Protocol is for industrialized nations to reduce their emissions of green-house gases by 5.2 percent compared to 1990 levels. The gases targeted by the protocol are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs. The protocol contains some provisions for developing nations, but as the per-capita emissions of greenhouse gases from these nations are much lower than those of industrialized nations, the majority of the reductions called for by the protocol come from theEuropean Union (8 percent reduction from 1990 levels), the United States (7 percent reduction), and Japan (6 percent reduction). Proponents of the Kyoto Protocol maintain that although it is not sufficient by itself to halt global warming, it represents an important first step toward a sustainable global economy. These proponents argue that most of the reductions in green-house gases can be achieved through improvements in efficiency and the use of cleaner fuels. While they concede that the provisions of the protocol may slow economic growth in affected nations, they maintain that the potential economic costs are far outweighed by the benefits of avoiding the ravages of global warming, which they say could include rising sea levels, erratic weather patterns, and long-term reductions in biodiversity. Critics of the Kyoto Protocol argue that it is unnecessary, unfair, and too costly to implement. It is unnecessary, they maintain, because the scientific community is still divided on the questions of whether global warming is happening and, if it is, whether human activity is the cause. They say it is unfair because the provisions primarily limit the emissions growth of industrialized nations while giving free rein to developing nations such as India, which actually emit more greenhouse gases than many industrialized nations, and that this situation will give the developing nations an economic edge in the global marketplace. Furthermore, they argue, the costs of switching fuels and limiting energy use will severely damage the economy, and the negative effects of this economic depression will outweigh any theoretical gains to be had by delaying global warming. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument of the critics of the Kyoto Protocol that implementing the protocol would be too costly A、While it is true that the scientific community is not unanimously in agreement that global warming is occurring, more than 95 percent of climatologists at universities and government-funded laboratories inEurope and NorthAmerica agree that global warming is a real phenomenon. B、Hybrid fuel-cell cars are less expensive to operate than conventional cars because of their much greater fuel efficiency, but it is unlikely that these operational savings will ever be able to cost-justify the much greater initial investment required to purchase one of these hybri |
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第4题:The following data sufficiency problems consist of a question and two statements, labeled (1) and (2), in which certain data are given. You have to decide whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question. Using the data given in the statements plus your knowledge of mathematics and everyday facts (such as the number of days in July or the meaning of counterclockwise), you must indicate whether A、 Statement (1)ALONE、is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient. B、 Statement (2)ALONE、is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient. C、BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statementALONE、is sufficient. D、EACH statementALONE、is sufficient. E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient. A、call to Rosie’s Psychic Hotline costs $5.99 for the first 2 minutes and $1.99 for each additional minute. Stuart called the hotline for x minutes, where x is an integer. How many minutes long was the call (1) The total charge for the call was $11.96. (2) The charge for the last 3 minutes of the call was $0.01 less than half the total cost of the call. |
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第5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12题:The number of women directors appointed to corpo-rate boards in the United States has increased dramati- cally, but the ratio of female to male directors remainslow. Although pressure to recruit women directors, (5)unlike that to employ women in the general work force,does not derive form legislation, it is nevertheless real.Although small companies were the first to havewomen directors, large corporations currently have ahigher percentage of women on their boards. When the(10)chairs of these large corporations began recruitingwomen to serve on boards, they initially sought womenwho were chief executive officers (CEO‘s) of large corpor-ations. However, such women CEO‘s are still rare. Inaddition, the ideal of six CEO‘s (female or male) serving(15)on the board of each of the largest corporations is realiz-able only if every CEO serves on six boards. This raisesthe specter of director over commitment and the resultantdilution of contribution. Consequently, the chairs nextsought women in business who had the equivalent of(20)CEO experience. However, since it is only recently thatlarge numbers of women have begun to rise in manage-ment, the chairs began to recruit women of high achieve-ment outside the business world. Many such women are well known for their contributions in government,(25)education, and the nonprofit sector. The fact that thewomen from these sectors who were appointed wereoften acquaintances of the boards‘ chairs seems quite reasonable: chairs have always considered it importantfor directors to interact comfortably in the boardroom. (30)Although many successful women from outside thebusiness world are unknown to corporate leaders, thesewomen are particularly qualified to serve on boardsbecause of the changing nature of corporations. Today acompany‘s ability to be responsive to the concerns of the(35)community and the environment can influence thatcompany‘s growth and survival. Women are uniquelypositioned to be responsive to some of these concerns.Although conditions have changed, it should be remem-bered that most directors of both sexes are over fifty(40)years old. Women of that generation were often encour-aged to direct their attention toward efforts to improvethe community. This fact is reflected in the career devel-opment of most of the outstandingly successful womenof the generation now in their fifties, who currently serve(45) on corporate boards: 25 percent are in education and22 percent are in government, law, and the nonprofitsector.One organization of women directors is helping busi-ness become more responsive to the changing needs of(50) society by raising the level of corporate awareness aboutsocial issues, such as problems with the economy,government regulation, the aging population, and theenvironment. This organization also serves as a resource center of information on accomplished women who are(55) potential candidates for corporate bards. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about achievement of the “ideal” mentioned in line 14? (A) It has only recently become a possibility. (B) It would be easier to meet if more CEO‘s were women. (C) It is very close to being a reality for most corporate boards. (D) It might affect the quality of directors‘ service to corporations. (E) It would be more realizable if CEO‘s had a more extensive range of business experience. 2. According to the passage, the pressure to appoint women to corporate boards differs from the pressure to employ women in the work force in which of the following ways? (A) Corporate boards are under less pressure because they have such a small number of openings. (B) Corporate boards have received less pressure from stockholders, consumers, and workers within companies to include women on their boards. (C) Corporate boards have received less pressure from the media and the public to include women on their boards. (D) Corporate have only recently been pressured to include women on their boards. (E) Corporate are not subject to statutory penalty for failing to include women on their boards. 3. All of the following are examples of issues that the organization described in the last paragraph would be likely to advise corporations on EXCEPT (A) long-term inflation (B) health and safety regulations (C) retirement and pension programs (D) the energy shortage (E) how to develop new markets 4. It can be inferred from the passage that, when seeking to appoint new members to a corporation‘s board, the chair traditionally looked for candidates who (A) had legal and governmental experience (B) had experience dealing with community affairs (C) could work easily with other members of the board (D) were already involved in establishing policy for that corporation (E) had influential connections outside the business world 5. According to the passage, which of the following is true about women outside the business world who are currently serving on corporate bards? (A) Most do not serve on more than one board. (B) A large percentage will eventually work on the staff of corporations. (C) Most were already known to the chairs of the board to which they were appointed. (D) A larger percentage are from government and law than are from the nonprofit sector. (E) Most are less than fifty years old. 6. The passage suggests that corporations of the past differ form modern corporations in which of the following ways? (A) Corporations had greater input on government policies affecting the business community. (B) Corporations were less responsive to the financial needs of their employees. (C) The ability of a Corporation to keep up with changing markets was not a crucial factor in its success. (D) A Corporation‘s effectiveness in coping with community needs was less likely to affect its growth and prosperity. (E) Corporations were subject to more stringent government regulations. 7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? (A) A problem is described, and then reasons why various proposed solutions succeeded or failed are discussed. (B) A problem is described, and then an advantage of resolving it is offered. (C) A problem is described, and then reasons for its continuing existence are summarized. (D) The historical origins of a problem are described, and then various measures that have successfully resolved it are discussed. (E) The causes of a problem are described, and then its effects are discussed. 8. It can be inferred from the passage that factors making women uniquely valuable members of modern corporate boards would include which of the following? Ⅰ。 The nature of modern corporations Ⅱ。The increased number of women CEO‘s Ⅲ。The careers pursued by women currently available to serve on corporate boards (A) Ⅰ only (B) Ⅱ only (C) Ⅲ only (D) Ⅰ and Ⅲ only (E) Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ |
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