| GMAT考试易错题（2019/5/6） |
| 第1题：The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage.After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question.Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. The complex life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan, the causative agent of malaria, has contributed to the difficulty of devising effective public health measures to combat the disease. It took scientists centuries to deconstruct the basic relationship between protozoan, mosquito vector, and human host. Modern physiologists and epidemiologists are still working out the intricacies of malarial infection. The disease is transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with the Plasmodium parasite. Only Anopheles mosquitoes are capable of transmitting the disease, and only females take blood meals from humans. To become infected with Plasmodium, the female mosquito takes a blood meal from a human carrying the parasite in his or her blooD、Once ingested, the parasite matures in the mosquito’s gut for approximately a week, after which it migrates to the insect’s salivary glands.By mixing with the mosquito’s saliva, the parasite facilitates its transmission to a human host when the mosquito bites that human. Once in a human’s bloodstream, the parasite travels to the human’s liver.At this initial stage, the Plasmodium parasite is called a sporozoite. Within the liver, the sporozoite can form 30,000 to 40,000 daughter cells, called merozoites, which are released into the host’s bloodstream at a later date, sometimes within a week of the initial infection and sometimes as much as several months later. The merozoites seek out and attach themselves to red blood cells, in which they incubate 8 to 24 daughter cells over the next two days. When the daughter cells are mature, the red blood cell ruptures and the new parasites are released into the bloodstream to seek out red blood cells of their own. Some of the new merozoites become male and female gametocytes; if these gametocytes are ingested by a mosquito feeding on the host’s blood, they will fertilize in the mosquito’s gut to produce new sporozoites, and the cycle will continue. The symptoms that we associate with malaria--a high, recurring fever; joint pain; a swollen spleen--are caused by toxins released from the red blood cells ruptured by merozoites. The human spleen can destroy these infected blood cells, but the Plasmodium parasite counters this effect by increasing the stickiness of proteins on the blood cells’ surfaces so that the cells stick to the walls of blood vessels. If the sticky surface proteins affect a particularly large number of cells, the malaria can trans-form into a hemorrhagic fever, the most deadly form of malariA、 A、further complicating factor in the natural history of malaria is the many variants of the Plasmodium protozoan. Scientists now recognize that malaria is caused by at least six different species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowesli, and P. semiovale. Of these species, P. falciparum accounts for the majority of infections and approximately 90 percent of malarial deaths in the worlD、 Based on the information given in the passage, which of the following would be most effective in preventing a person infected with malaria from developing a hemorrhagic fever A、Surgical removal of the spleen B、A、medicine that prevents changes to the surface proteins of red blood cells C、An effective vaccine against malaria D、A、potent pesticide that reliably kills theAnopheles mosquito without producing any negative consequences for the environment or for human health E、A、small infusion of a weaker variant of the Plasmodium protozoan that will then compete with the existing parasitic infection |
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| 第2题：Marcella has 25 pairs of shoes. If she loses 9 individual shoes, what is the greatest number of matching pairs she could have left A、21 B、20 C、19 D、16 E、15 |
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第3题：Fifty applicants for a job were given scores from 1 to 5 on their interview performance. Their scores are shown in the table above. What was the average score for the group
B、2.86 C、2.91 D、2.99 E、3.03 | ||||||||||||
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| 第4题：The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlineD、Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others. These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard writtenEnglish; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction.Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error. Four out of every five computer owners in the United States andCanada also own a printer. A、Four out of every five computer owners in the United States andCanada also own a printer. B、Out of every five, four computer owners in the United States andCanada also owns a printer. C、In the United States andCanada, four out of every five owners of a computer owns printers. D、Of those who own computers in the United States andCanada, printers are also owned by four out of five. E、Printers are also owned by four out of every five computer owners in the United States andCanadA、 |
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| 第5题：The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage.After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question.Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Pretty much everybody agrees that clean air is a good thing, rightEvidently not so. Since the 1960s, when people started talking about clean air in the first place, theAmerican energy industry, which includes coal companies, oil companies, and utility companies, has dragged its heels on every initiative to improve the quality of the air we breathe.Even after theCleanAirAct of 1970 and its amendments in 1977 and 1990 made it clear that controlling air pollution is a national priority, these companies have found tricks and loopholes to avoid compliance. Perhaps the most egregious loophole is the one that allows older power plants to disregard limits on sulfux dioxide emissions until they undergo a major renovation, at which point they have to comply. Sulfur dioxide from coal-burning power plants is the primary cause of acid rain in NorthAmericA、TheCleanAirAct states that when coal-burning power plants upgrade their equipment, they must then comply with sulfur dioxide limitations by either installing scrubbing equipment that cleans the emissions or using fuel with lower sulfur content. The law tied the timing of compliance to major renovations in order to give power plants a grace period in which to comply. Many power plants, however, have exploited a loophole in this law by instituting a series of "minor" renovations that, in effect, upgrade their equipment without requiring them to comply with theCleanAirAct. Some plants have cheated the system by undergoing "minor" renovations for decades. The power companies claim that they have to resort to these underhanded measures because the cost of compliance with theCleanAirAct is too high.And if everyone else is cheating the system, why should they have to install costly sulfur dioxide scrubbers This cost argument falls apart upon scrutiny. Since 1977, more than 400 power plants across the country have managed to comply with the restrictions and are still making money. The sulfur dioxide scrubbing equipment has turned out to be far less expensive than the power industry naysayers claimed it would be. Many power plants have even complied with the emissions limits and reduced their operating costs by switching from high-sulfurAppalachian coal to the low-sulfur coal produced in western states such as Wyoming and Idaho. Western coal is not only cleaner than eastern coal, but also, because it is generally closer to the surface, as much as 30 percent less expensive to extract. Clearly, the costs of compliance with theCleanAirAct can be justified, but if these companies were honest, such justifications would not have to be made. If they were honest, they would acknowledge the costs of not complying: the health costs of increased rates of asthma and lung cancer in high-emissions areas; the environmental costs of acid-scarred forests and lakes; the aesthetic costs of a haze of sulfur dioxide cutting visibility across the eastern United States to only half of what it was in pre-industrial times. When you look at the true costs you have to ask, is any cost too high for clean air Which of the following statements, if true, would provide the strongest argument for a utility company spokesman wishing to refute the arguments expressed in the passage A、Over the last decade, the energy industry has funded an environmental initiative that has planted more than 200,000 new trees. B、The dangers of acid rain to human health have been wildly exaggerated by environmental extremists who seek to scare the general publiC、 C、The specifications of theCleanAirAct, although well intentioned, in practice require power plants to adopt less efficient te |
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