【单选题】The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlineD、Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others.
These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard writtenEnglish; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction.Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.
The governing board of the new league has modified its rules so that pre-existing teams can stay together even though not all their members meet the new minimum age requirement.
A、not all their members meet the new minimum age requirement
B、the new minimum age requirement has not been met by all their members
C、not all their members have met the new minimum age, as required
D、all their members have not met the new minimum age requirement
E、all their members do not meet the new minimum age requirement
These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard writtenEnglish; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction.Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.
The governing board of the new league has modified its rules so that pre-existing teams can stay together even though not all their members meet the new minimum age requirement.
A、not all their members meet the new minimum age requirement
B、the new minimum age requirement has not been met by all their members
C、not all their members have met the new minimum age, as required
D、all their members have not met the new minimum age requirement
E、all their members do not meet the new minimum age requirement
【单选题】The following questions present a sentence, part of which or all of which is underlineD、Beneath the sentence, you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. The first of these repeats the original; the other four are different. If you think the original is best, choose the first answer; otherwise choose one of the others.
These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard writtenEnglish; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction.Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.
Blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith, born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1936, has since 1958 been a fixture on the southern blues scene after the release of his debut album in that year.
A、Blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith, born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1936, has since 1958 been a fixture on the southern blues scene after the release of his debut album in that year.
B、Being born in 1936 in Tupelo, Mississippi, blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith released his debut album in 1958 and has been a fixture on the southern blues scene since then.
C、Born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1936, blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith has been a fixture on the southern blues scene since the release of his debut album in 1958.
D、Having been a texture on the southern blues scene since 1958 when he released his debut album, Paul "Poboy" Smith is a blues musician who was born in 1936 in Tupelo, Mississippi.
E、Since the release of his debut album in 1958, blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith has been a fixture on the southern blues scene; he was born in Tupelo, Mississippi in 1936.
These questions test correctness and effectiveness of expression. In choosing your answer, follow the requirements of standard writtenEnglish; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, and sentence construction.Choose the answer that produces the most effective sentence; this answer should be clear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity, redundancy, or grammatical error.
Blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith, born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1936, has since 1958 been a fixture on the southern blues scene after the release of his debut album in that year.
A、Blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith, born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1936, has since 1958 been a fixture on the southern blues scene after the release of his debut album in that year.
B、Being born in 1936 in Tupelo, Mississippi, blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith released his debut album in 1958 and has been a fixture on the southern blues scene since then.
C、Born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1936, blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith has been a fixture on the southern blues scene since the release of his debut album in 1958.
D、Having been a texture on the southern blues scene since 1958 when he released his debut album, Paul "Poboy" Smith is a blues musician who was born in 1936 in Tupelo, Mississippi.
E、Since the release of his debut album in 1958, blues musician Paul "Poboy" Smith has been a fixture on the southern blues scene; he was born in Tupelo, Mississippi in 1936.
【单选题】The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage.After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question.Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
The complex life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan, the causative agent of malaria, has contributed to the difficulty of devising effective public health measures to combat the disease. It took scientists centuries to deconstruct the basic relationship between protozoan, mosquito vector, and human host. Modern physiologists and epidemiologists are still working out the intricacies of malarial infection.
The disease is transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with the Plasmodium parasite. Only Anopheles mosquitoes are capable of transmitting the disease, and only females take blood meals from humans. To become infected with Plasmodium, the female mosquito takes a blood meal from a human carrying the parasite in his or her blooD、Once ingested, the parasite matures in the mosquito’s gut for approximately a week, after which it migrates to the insect’s salivary glands.By mixing with the mosquito’s saliva, the parasite facilitates its transmission to a human host when the mosquito bites that human.
Once in a human’s bloodstream, the parasite travels to the human’s liver.At this initial stage, the Plasmodium parasite is called a sporozoite. Within the liver, the sporozoite can form 30,000 to 40,000 daughter cells, called merozoites, which are released into the host’s bloodstream at a later date, sometimes within a week of the initial infection and sometimes as much as several months later. The merozoites seek out and attach themselves to red blood cells, in which they incubate 8 to 24 daughter cells over the next two days. When the daughter cells are mature, the red blood cell ruptures and the new parasites are released into the bloodstream to seek out red blood cells of their own. Some of the new merozoites become male and female gametocytes; if these gametocytes are ingested by a mosquito feeding on the host’s blood, they will fertilize in the mosquito’s gut to produce new sporozoites, and the cycle will continue.
The symptoms that we associate with malaria--a high, recurring fever; joint pain; a swollen spleen--are caused by toxins released from the red blood cells ruptured by merozoites. The human spleen can destroy these infected blood cells, but the Plasmodium parasite counters this effect by increasing the stickiness of proteins on the blood cells’ surfaces so that the cells stick to the walls of blood vessels. If the sticky surface proteins affect a particularly large number of cells, the malaria can trans-form into a hemorrhagic fever, the most deadly form of malariA、
A、further complicating factor in the natural history of malaria is the many variants of the Plasmodium protozoan. Scientists now recognize that malaria is caused by at least six different species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowesli, and P. semiovale. Of these species, P. falciparum accounts for the majority of infections and approximately 90 percent of malarial deaths in the worlD、
The relationship of a merozoite to a sporozoite is most like which of the following
A、A、mother to a daughter
B、A、brother to a sister
C、One of several subsidiaries spun off from a large corporation
D、A、computer program to a computer
E、Orange juice to an orange tree
The complex life cycle of the Plasmodium protozoan, the causative agent of malaria, has contributed to the difficulty of devising effective public health measures to combat the disease. It took scientists centuries to deconstruct the basic relationship between protozoan, mosquito vector, and human host. Modern physiologists and epidemiologists are still working out the intricacies of malarial infection.
The disease is transmitted by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito infected with the Plasmodium parasite. Only Anopheles mosquitoes are capable of transmitting the disease, and only females take blood meals from humans. To become infected with Plasmodium, the female mosquito takes a blood meal from a human carrying the parasite in his or her blooD、Once ingested, the parasite matures in the mosquito’s gut for approximately a week, after which it migrates to the insect’s salivary glands.By mixing with the mosquito’s saliva, the parasite facilitates its transmission to a human host when the mosquito bites that human.
Once in a human’s bloodstream, the parasite travels to the human’s liver.At this initial stage, the Plasmodium parasite is called a sporozoite. Within the liver, the sporozoite can form 30,000 to 40,000 daughter cells, called merozoites, which are released into the host’s bloodstream at a later date, sometimes within a week of the initial infection and sometimes as much as several months later. The merozoites seek out and attach themselves to red blood cells, in which they incubate 8 to 24 daughter cells over the next two days. When the daughter cells are mature, the red blood cell ruptures and the new parasites are released into the bloodstream to seek out red blood cells of their own. Some of the new merozoites become male and female gametocytes; if these gametocytes are ingested by a mosquito feeding on the host’s blood, they will fertilize in the mosquito’s gut to produce new sporozoites, and the cycle will continue.
The symptoms that we associate with malaria--a high, recurring fever; joint pain; a swollen spleen--are caused by toxins released from the red blood cells ruptured by merozoites. The human spleen can destroy these infected blood cells, but the Plasmodium parasite counters this effect by increasing the stickiness of proteins on the blood cells’ surfaces so that the cells stick to the walls of blood vessels. If the sticky surface proteins affect a particularly large number of cells, the malaria can trans-form into a hemorrhagic fever, the most deadly form of malariA、
A、further complicating factor in the natural history of malaria is the many variants of the Plasmodium protozoan. Scientists now recognize that malaria is caused by at least six different species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. knowesli, and P. semiovale. Of these species, P. falciparum accounts for the majority of infections and approximately 90 percent of malarial deaths in the worlD、
The relationship of a merozoite to a sporozoite is most like which of the following
A、A、mother to a daughter
B、A、brother to a sister
C、One of several subsidiaries spun off from a large corporation
D、A、computer program to a computer
E、Orange juice to an orange tree
【单选题】thE quEstions in this group ArE BAsED on thE ContEnt oF A pAssAgE.AFtEr rEADing thE pAssAgE, ChoosE thE BEst AnswEr to EACh quEstion.AnswEr All quEstions Following thE pAssAgE on thE BAsis oF whAt is stAtED or impliED in thE pAssAgE.
onE oF thE BEst sourCEs moDEm sCholArs hAvE For lEArning ABout hEllEnistiCEgypt is thE lArgE supply oF pApyrus FrAgmEnts thAt hAvE turnED up in thEEgyptiAn DEsErt ovEr thE lAst CEntury. pApyrus is A thiCk typE oF pApEr mADE From A rEEDy plAnt FounD inEgypt. pApyrus is muCh toughEr thAn thE wooD-pulp pApEr usED in moDErn soCiEty; whErEAs A Book proDuCED toDAy will most likEly FAll ApArt within A CEntury, thErE ArE pApyrus FrAgmEnts thAt ArE still lEgiBlE ovEr 2,000 yEArs AFtEr sCriBEs wrotE on thEm.
it is primArily By ACCiDEnt thAt Any oF thEsE FrAgmEnts hAvE survivED、most oF thE surviving FrAgmEnts hAvE BEEn FounD in AnCiEnt gArBAgE Dumps thAt wErE CovErED ovEr By thE DEsErt AnD prEsErvED in thE Dry hEAt. thE BEnEFit oF this typE oF ArChEologiCAl FinD is thAt thEsE DisCArDED sCrAps oFtEn givE us A morE ACCurAtE piCturE oF thE DAily livEs oF AnCiEntEgyptiAns--thEir BusinEss AFFAirs, pErsonAl CorrEsponDEnCE, AnD rEligious plEAs--thAn thE stonE EngrAvings AnD rECorDED tExts thAt wErE intEnDED to BE pAssED Down to lAtEr gEnErAtions.
onE oF thE most importAnt pApyrus DisCovEriEs oF rECEnt yEArs wAs thE rEvElAtion in 2001 thAt A sCrAp oF pApyrus thAt hAD BEEn DisCArDED AnD usED to wrAp A mummy ContAinED 110 prEviously unknown EpigrAms (short, witty poEms) By thE hEllEnistiC poEt posiDippus (CA、280-240B、
C、). posiDippus livED inAlExAnDriA AnD BEnEFitED From thE support oF king ptolEmy ii philADElphos (rulED 284-246B、
C、). thEsE nEw EpigrAms hAvE yiElDED FAsCinAting insight into thE Court CulturE AnD litErAry sEnsiBilitiEs oF EArly hEllEnistiCEgypt.
king ptolEmy, oF CoursE, wAs Also A sponsor oF thE FAmous liBrAry oFAlExAnDriA, thE grEAtEst DEpository oF knowlEDgE in thE AnCiEnt worlD、ACCorDing to thE twElFth-CEnturyByzAntinE writEr john tzEtzEs, thE AnCiEnt liBrAry ContAinED nEArly hAlF A million pApyrus sCrolls. iF thAt liBrAry hAD not BurnED Down, mAyBE ArChEologists toDAy woulD not hAvE to spEnD so muCh oF thEir timE sorting through AnCiEnt trAsh!
thE mEntion oF thE DisCovEry oF 110 prEviously unknown EpigrAms By thE poEt posiDippus sErvEs whAt purposE in thE pAssAgE
A、rEvEAling insights into thE nuAnCEs oF Court CulturE in hEllEnistiCEgypt
B、DEmonstrAting how DurABlE A mAtEriAl pApyrus CAn BE
C、Arguing For A grEAtEr ApprECiAtion oF this littlE-known hEllEnistiC poEt
D、highlighting thE importAnCE oF royAl pAtronAgE in thE DEvElopmEnt oF Arts AnD litErAturE in thE hEllEnistiC worlD
E、illustrAting thE kinD oF DisCovEry thAt CAn BE mADE From rEsEArChing pApyrus FrAgmEnts
onE oF thE BEst sourCEs moDEm sCholArs hAvE For lEArning ABout hEllEnistiCEgypt is thE lArgE supply oF pApyrus FrAgmEnts thAt hAvE turnED up in thEEgyptiAn DEsErt ovEr thE lAst CEntury. pApyrus is A thiCk typE oF pApEr mADE From A rEEDy plAnt FounD inEgypt. pApyrus is muCh toughEr thAn thE wooD-pulp pApEr usED in moDErn soCiEty; whErEAs A Book proDuCED toDAy will most likEly FAll ApArt within A CEntury, thErE ArE pApyrus FrAgmEnts thAt ArE still lEgiBlE ovEr 2,000 yEArs AFtEr sCriBEs wrotE on thEm.
it is primArily By ACCiDEnt thAt Any oF thEsE FrAgmEnts hAvE survivED、most oF thE surviving FrAgmEnts hAvE BEEn FounD in AnCiEnt gArBAgE Dumps thAt wErE CovErED ovEr By thE DEsErt AnD prEsErvED in thE Dry hEAt. thE BEnEFit oF this typE oF ArChEologiCAl FinD is thAt thEsE DisCArDED sCrAps oFtEn givE us A morE ACCurAtE piCturE oF thE DAily livEs oF AnCiEntEgyptiAns--thEir BusinEss AFFAirs, pErsonAl CorrEsponDEnCE, AnD rEligious plEAs--thAn thE stonE EngrAvings AnD rECorDED tExts thAt wErE intEnDED to BE pAssED Down to lAtEr gEnErAtions.
onE oF thE most importAnt pApyrus DisCovEriEs oF rECEnt yEArs wAs thE rEvElAtion in 2001 thAt A sCrAp oF pApyrus thAt hAD BEEn DisCArDED AnD usED to wrAp A mummy ContAinED 110 prEviously unknown EpigrAms (short, witty poEms) By thE hEllEnistiC poEt posiDippus (CA、280-240B、
C、). posiDippus livED inAlExAnDriA AnD BEnEFitED From thE support oF king ptolEmy ii philADElphos (rulED 284-246B、
C、). thEsE nEw EpigrAms hAvE yiElDED FAsCinAting insight into thE Court CulturE AnD litErAry sEnsiBilitiEs oF EArly hEllEnistiCEgypt.
king ptolEmy, oF CoursE, wAs Also A sponsor oF thE FAmous liBrAry oFAlExAnDriA, thE grEAtEst DEpository oF knowlEDgE in thE AnCiEnt worlD、ACCorDing to thE twElFth-CEnturyByzAntinE writEr john tzEtzEs, thE AnCiEnt liBrAry ContAinED nEArly hAlF A million pApyrus sCrolls. iF thAt liBrAry hAD not BurnED Down, mAyBE ArChEologists toDAy woulD not hAvE to spEnD so muCh oF thEir timE sorting through AnCiEnt trAsh!
thE mEntion oF thE DisCovEry oF 110 prEviously unknown EpigrAms By thE poEt posiDippus sErvEs whAt purposE in thE pAssAgE
A、rEvEAling insights into thE nuAnCEs oF Court CulturE in hEllEnistiCEgypt
B、DEmonstrAting how DurABlE A mAtEriAl pApyrus CAn BE
C、Arguing For A grEAtEr ApprECiAtion oF this littlE-known hEllEnistiC poEt
D、highlighting thE importAnCE oF royAl pAtronAgE in thE DEvElopmEnt oF Arts AnD litErAturE in thE hEllEnistiC worlD
E、illustrAting thE kinD oF DisCovEry thAt CAn BE mADE From rEsEArChing pApyrus FrAgmEnts
【单选题】The questions in this group are based on the content of a passage.After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question.Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.
Congressman Hastings has proposed thatCongress should abolish theElectoralCollege system for electing the president and replace it with a system of direct popular election. TheElectoralCollege system is flawed, he argues, because it runs directly counter to the democratic principle that every citizen’s vote should count equally.
Because of the winner-take-all system in which the candidate who receives the most popular votes in a state receives all of that state’s electoral votes, the citizens who voted for the losing candidate are effectively disenfranchised from the national election, even if their candidate lost the state by only a handful of votes. Moreover, because each state’s number of electors is the same as its number of members ofCongress, the citizens of small states get a disproportionately larger vote than citizens of more populous states. In the 1988 election, for example, the combined voting-age population of the six least populous states--Alaska,Delaware, NorthDakota, SouthDakota, Vermont, and Wyoming--was 3,119,000. These six states held 21 electoral votes among them. Florida, with a voting-age population of 9,614,000, also had 21 electoral votes.Because of inequities of this nature, there have been four presidential elections in which the candidate who won theElectoralCollege actually lost the popular vote: 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000.
Congressman Markham has argued that Hastings’s proposed changes are unnecessary and even dangerous. First of all, he argues, theElectoralCollege system, whatever its flaws, has resulted in a stable democratic government for more than 200 years, which shows that it is doing something right. Second, the winner-take-all system helps create decisive majorities in theElectoralCollege, thereby reducing the problem of disputed elections that we might see in the event of direct popular elections. Third, the current system of allocating electors helps protect the interests of small states, which would be largely neglected in favor of large states if theElectoralCollege were based entirely on population. Protecting these states’ rights is essential to upholding the principle of federalism (in which the states and the federal government maintain distinct powers).
When theElectoralCollege system was first formalized by the TwelfthAmendment in 1804, a direct popular vote would have been impossible to implement, and theElectoralCollege was probably the best way to approximate the will of the people.Advances in technology and communication, however, now mean that a direct popular vote would be as simple, if not simpler, to administer than the currentElectoralCollege system.Alternative ways to reform the system would be to do away with the winner-take-all system of state electors, to base the numbers of electors strictly on state populations, or to have a direct popular election but to weight the votes from different states differently in order to preserve the influence of small states.
Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage
A、It presents a critique of an institution, then provides a defense of that institution, and then offers possible compromises between the two positions.
B、It presents an argument, lists problems with that argument, and then ultimately refutes the argument.
C、It discusses both sides of a controversial topic and then chooses the side with the stronger arguments.
D、It analyzes flaws in a traditional institution and then provides a series of steps to remedy the flaws.
E、It presents two competing viewpoints and then shows the logical errors in both positions.
Congressman Hastings has proposed thatCongress should abolish theElectoralCollege system for electing the president and replace it with a system of direct popular election. TheElectoralCollege system is flawed, he argues, because it runs directly counter to the democratic principle that every citizen’s vote should count equally.
Because of the winner-take-all system in which the candidate who receives the most popular votes in a state receives all of that state’s electoral votes, the citizens who voted for the losing candidate are effectively disenfranchised from the national election, even if their candidate lost the state by only a handful of votes. Moreover, because each state’s number of electors is the same as its number of members ofCongress, the citizens of small states get a disproportionately larger vote than citizens of more populous states. In the 1988 election, for example, the combined voting-age population of the six least populous states--Alaska,Delaware, NorthDakota, SouthDakota, Vermont, and Wyoming--was 3,119,000. These six states held 21 electoral votes among them. Florida, with a voting-age population of 9,614,000, also had 21 electoral votes.Because of inequities of this nature, there have been four presidential elections in which the candidate who won theElectoralCollege actually lost the popular vote: 1824, 1876, 1888, and 2000.
Congressman Markham has argued that Hastings’s proposed changes are unnecessary and even dangerous. First of all, he argues, theElectoralCollege system, whatever its flaws, has resulted in a stable democratic government for more than 200 years, which shows that it is doing something right. Second, the winner-take-all system helps create decisive majorities in theElectoralCollege, thereby reducing the problem of disputed elections that we might see in the event of direct popular elections. Third, the current system of allocating electors helps protect the interests of small states, which would be largely neglected in favor of large states if theElectoralCollege were based entirely on population. Protecting these states’ rights is essential to upholding the principle of federalism (in which the states and the federal government maintain distinct powers).
When theElectoralCollege system was first formalized by the TwelfthAmendment in 1804, a direct popular vote would have been impossible to implement, and theElectoralCollege was probably the best way to approximate the will of the people.Advances in technology and communication, however, now mean that a direct popular vote would be as simple, if not simpler, to administer than the currentElectoralCollege system.Alternative ways to reform the system would be to do away with the winner-take-all system of state electors, to base the numbers of electors strictly on state populations, or to have a direct popular election but to weight the votes from different states differently in order to preserve the influence of small states.
Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage
A、It presents a critique of an institution, then provides a defense of that institution, and then offers possible compromises between the two positions.
B、It presents an argument, lists problems with that argument, and then ultimately refutes the argument.
C、It discusses both sides of a controversial topic and then chooses the side with the stronger arguments.
D、It analyzes flaws in a traditional institution and then provides a series of steps to remedy the flaws.
E、It presents two competing viewpoints and then shows the logical errors in both positions.
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