GRE考试

【单选题】Plato—who may have understood better what
forms the mind of man than do some of our con-
temporaries who want their children exposed only
Line to "real" people and everyday events—knew
(5) what intellectual experiences make for true
humanity. He suggested that the future citizens of
his ideal republic begin their literary education
with the telling of myths, rather than with mere
facts or so-called rational teachings.Even
(10)Aristotle, master of pure reason, said: "The friend
of wisdom is also a friend of myth."
Modem thinkers who have studied myths and
fairy tales from a philosophical or psychological
viewpoint arrive at the same conclusion, regard-
(15) less of their original persuasion. MirceaEliade,
for one, describes these stories as "models for
human behavior [that], by that very fact, give
meaning and value to life."Drawing on anthro-
pological parallels, he and others suggest that
(20) myths and fairy tales were derived from, or give
symbolic expression to, initiation rites or rites of
passage—such as metaphoric death of an old,
inadequate self in order to be reborn on a higher
plane of existence. He feels that this is why these
(25) tales meet a strongly felt need and are carriers of
such deep meaning.
Other investigators with a depth-psychological
orientation emphasize the similarities between the
fantastic events in myths and fairy tales and !those
(30) in adult dreams and daydreams—the fulfillment
of wishes, the winning out over all competitors,
the destruction of enemies—and conclude that
one attraction of this literature is its expression of
that which is normally prevented from coming to
(35) awareness,
There are, of course, very significant differ-
ences between fairy tales and dreams. For ex-
ample, in dreams more often than not the wish
fulfillment is disguised, while in fairy tales much
(40) of it is openly expresseD、To a considerable
degree, dreams are the result of inner pressures
which have found no relief, of problems which
beset a person to which he knows no solution and
to which the dream finds none. The fairy tale
(45) does the opposite: it projects the relief of all pres-
sures and not only offers ways to solve problems
but promises that a "happy" solution will be
founD、
We cannot control what goes on in our dreams.
(50)Although our inner censorship influences what we
may dream, such control occurs on an uncon-
scious level. The fairy tale, on the other hand, is
very much the result of common conscious and
unconscious content having been shaped by the
(55) conscious mind, not of one particular person, but
the consensus of many in regard to what they
view as universal human problems, and what they
accept as desirable solutions. If all these elements
were not present in a fairy tale, it would not be
(60) retold by generation after generation. Only if a
fairy tale met the conscious and unconscious
requirements of many people was it repeatedly
retold, and listened to with great interest. No
dream of a person could arouse such persistent
(65) interest unless it was worked into a myth, as was
the story of the pharaoh’ s dream as interpreted by
Joseph in theBible.
It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s interest in fairy tales centers chiefly on theirA．literary qua
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