【分析解答题】you shoulD spEnD ABout 20 minutEs on this tAsk.
thE DiAgrAm shows how ChoColAtE is mADE.
summArisE thE inFormAtion By sElECting AnD rEporting thE mAin FEAturEs AnD By mAking CompArisons whErE rElEvAnt.
writE At lEAst 150 worDs.
thE DiAgrAm shows how ChoColAtE is mADE.
summArisE thE inFormAtion By sElECting AnD rEporting thE mAin FEAturEs AnD By mAking CompArisons whErE rElEvAnt.
writE At lEAst 150 worDs.
【分析解答题】The lady want to go to ________.
【分析解答题】NHS chief praises fall in waiting list timesThe National Health Service could hit its most politically sensitive target early, Sir NigelCrisp, the NHS chief executive, said on Friday.In his most bullish annual report since taking office four years ago, Sir Nigel said waiting times were falling faster and further than ever before, quality was improving and services were being redesigne
D、And productivity — hard though it is to measure — was improving, he sai
D、"Something big is happening within the NHS," Sir Nigel said, as the government reported that it had reached its target in March with only 48 patients waiting more than nine months for an operation.The maximum wait for an out-patient appointment is down to 17 weeks from 21 weeks a year ago. Just over 40,000 are now waiting over 13 weeks for an appointment against 400,000 in March 2000. The service has also reduced by almost 60,000 the number of people waiting between six and nine months for in-patient procedures.The reduction seems to suggest that genuine changes are taking place in the way the NHS is organising services to make them more efficient — rather than simply achieving the shorter maximum waits by "tail-gunning" the end of the waiting list.What is as yet missing is robust data to show that average waits are also starting to fall significantly."Not only are we hitting all of our targets in order to speed up patient care, but by reforming the way we work we are also improving the quality of patients care," Sir Nigel sai
D、"The NHS is using the extra funding" — an extra ￡6bn. last year — "to good effect, with major improvements in quality and quantity".With extra capacity in treatment centres due to start coming online it was possible that the NHS would hit the target of having no-one wait for more than six months, once on a waiting list, ahead ofDecember next year. Although the figures are not as robust as those used to measure hospital activity, Sir Nigel said it was clear more treatment was being provided outside hospitals, in a quicker and more convenient way for patients. Evidence for that includes the number of patients referred to hospital by GPs remaining almost flat last year while a ￡21 million increase in the bill for modern drugs to counter heart failure has brought an estimated reduction of 20,000 hospital admissions.With a big government review under way on how to measure productivity in the public services, Sir Nigel said the NHS still lacked "an adequate way of measuring overall productivity", but indicated there were clear improvements in the productivity of individual services.
D、And productivity — hard though it is to measure — was improving, he sai
D、"Something big is happening within the NHS," Sir Nigel said, as the government reported that it had reached its target in March with only 48 patients waiting more than nine months for an operation.The maximum wait for an out-patient appointment is down to 17 weeks from 21 weeks a year ago. Just over 40,000 are now waiting over 13 weeks for an appointment against 400,000 in March 2000. The service has also reduced by almost 60,000 the number of people waiting between six and nine months for in-patient procedures.The reduction seems to suggest that genuine changes are taking place in the way the NHS is organising services to make them more efficient — rather than simply achieving the shorter maximum waits by "tail-gunning" the end of the waiting list.What is as yet missing is robust data to show that average waits are also starting to fall significantly."Not only are we hitting all of our targets in order to speed up patient care, but by reforming the way we work we are also improving the quality of patients care," Sir Nigel sai
D、"The NHS is using the extra funding" — an extra ￡6bn. last year — "to good effect, with major improvements in quality and quantity".With extra capacity in treatment centres due to start coming online it was possible that the NHS would hit the target of having no-one wait for more than six months, once on a waiting list, ahead ofDecember next year. Although the figures are not as robust as those used to measure hospital activity, Sir Nigel said it was clear more treatment was being provided outside hospitals, in a quicker and more convenient way for patients. Evidence for that includes the number of patients referred to hospital by GPs remaining almost flat last year while a ￡21 million increase in the bill for modern drugs to counter heart failure has brought an estimated reduction of 20,000 hospital admissions.With a big government review under way on how to measure productivity in the public services, Sir Nigel said the NHS still lacked "an adequate way of measuring overall productivity", but indicated there were clear improvements in the productivity of individual services.
【单选题】Holistic medicine is regarding the person as (21)____________, a mental or emotional person, and also (22) ____________.Holistic medicine means looking at the body (23)_____________rather than looking at (24)____________of the body.
A、people only used to pay the doctor while they were not well
B．people paid the doctor when they were kept well
C．people used to paid the doctor if they got sick
A、people only used to pay the doctor while they were not well
B．people paid the doctor when they were kept well
C．people used to paid the doctor if they got sick
【分析解答题】Complete the summary using the list of words,A-I, below.
Deep diving craft
A、diving craft has to be (37) enough to cope with the enormous pressure of the abyss, which is capable of crushing almost anything. Unlike creatures that live there, which are not (38) because they contain compressed water, a submersible is filled with (39) If it has a weak spot in its construction, there will be a (40) explosion of water into the craft.
A、ocean B、air C、deep
D、hollowE、sturdyF. atmosphere
G. energetic H. violentI. heavy
Deep diving craft
A、diving craft has to be (37) enough to cope with the enormous pressure of the abyss, which is capable of crushing almost anything. Unlike creatures that live there, which are not (38) because they contain compressed water, a submersible is filled with (39) If it has a weak spot in its construction, there will be a (40) explosion of water into the craft.
A、ocean B、air C、deep
D、hollowE、sturdyF. atmosphere
G. energetic H. violentI. heavy
【分析解答题】Rogue theory of smell gets a boost Published online： 6December 2006 Rogue theory of smell gets a boost 1.
A、controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists. 2.Calculations by researchers at UniversityCollege London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involveD、 3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct.But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously. 4. "This is a big step forward，" says Turin， who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virgini
A、He says that since he published his theory， "it has been ignored rather than criticizeD、" 5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes. 6.But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly， some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。 7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain. 8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock. 9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. "The question is whether this is possible in the nose，" says Stoneham’s colleague，Andrew HorsfielD、 10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin was himself based at UCL， "I didn’t believe it".But， he adds， "because it was an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters. 11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort. 12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible. 14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. "At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations，" he says. "Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition."At the very least， he is putting his money where his nose is. The study at U
A、controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists. 2.Calculations by researchers at UniversityCollege London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involveD、 3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct.But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously. 4. "This is a big step forward，" says Turin， who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virgini
A、He says that since he published his theory， "it has been ignored rather than criticizeD、" 5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes. 6.But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly， some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。 7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain. 8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock. 9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. "The question is whether this is possible in the nose，" says Stoneham’s colleague，Andrew HorsfielD、 10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin was himself based at UCL， "I didn’t believe it".But， he adds， "because it was an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters. 11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort. 12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible. 14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. "At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations，" he says. "Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition."At the very least， he is putting his money where his nose is. The study at U
【分析解答题】Rogue theory of smell gets a boost Published online： 6December 2006 Rogue theory of smell gets a boost 1.
A、controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists. 2.Calculations by researchers at UniversityCollege London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involveD、 3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct.But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously. 4. "This is a big step forward，" says Turin， who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virgini
A、He says that since he published his theory， "it has been ignored rather than criticizeD、" 5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes. 6.But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly， some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。 7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain. 8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock. 9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. "The question is whether this is possible in the nose，" says Stoneham’s colleague，Andrew HorsfielD、 10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin was himself based at UCL， "I didn’t believe it".But， he adds， "because it was an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters. 11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort. 12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible. 14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. "At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations，" he says. "Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition."At the very least， he is putting his money where his nose is. Different isot
A、controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists. 2.Calculations by researchers at UniversityCollege London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involveD、 3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct.But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously. 4. "This is a big step forward，" says Turin， who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virgini
A、He says that since he published his theory， "it has been ignored rather than criticizeD、" 5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes. 6.But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly， some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。 7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain. 8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock. 9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. "The question is whether this is possible in the nose，" says Stoneham’s colleague，Andrew HorsfielD、 10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin was himself based at UCL， "I didn’t believe it".But， he adds， "because it was an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters. 11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort. 12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible. 14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. "At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations，" he says. "Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition."At the very least， he is putting his money where his nose is. Different isot
【分析解答题】ComplEtE thE tABlE BElow.
writE no morE、thAn two worDsAnD~orA、numBEr For EACh AnswEr.
writE no morE、thAn two worDsAnD~orA、numBEr For EACh AnswEr.
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