【单选题】
单项选择
单项选择
【单选题】 Which pollutant is currently the subject of urgent research
A nitrogen dioxide
B ozone
C lead
D particulate matter
【单选题】 The new Russian holiday appears to demonstrate that Russia is A. becoming less Communist. B. strongly enforcing a link between ideology and history. C. becoming opposed to the influence of western Christianity.
【单选题】you shoulD spEnD ABout 20 minutEs on quEstions 27-40, whiCh ArE BAsED on rEADing pAssAgE 3 BElow.
thEDEEp sEA
At A timE whEn most think oF outEr spACE As thE FinAl FrontiEr, wE must rEmEmBEr thAt A grEAt DEAl oF unFinishED BusinEss rEmAins hErE on EArth. roBots CrAwl on thE surFACE oF mArs, AnD spACECrAFt Exit our solAr systEm, But most oF our own plAnEt hAs still nEvEr BEEn sEEn By humAn EyEs. it sEEms ironiC thAt wE know morE ABout impACt CrAtErs on thE FAr siDE oF thE moon thAn ABout thE longEst AnD lArgEst mountAin rAngE on EArth. it is AmAzing thAt humAn BEings CrossED A quArtEr oF A million milEs oF spACE to visit our nEArEst CElEstiAl nEighBor BEForE pEnEtrAting just two milEs DEEp into thE EArth’s own wAtErs to ExplorE thE miDoCEAn riDgE.AnD it woulD BE hArD to imAginE A morE signiFiCAnt pArt oF our plAnEt to invEstigAtE - A ChAin oF volCAniC mountAins 42,000 milEs long whErE most oF thE EArth’s soliD surFACE wAs Born, AnD whErE vAst volCAnoEs ContinuE to CrEAtE nEw suBmArinE lAnDsCApEs.
thE FigurE wE so oFtEn sEE quotED - 71% oF thE EArth’s surFACE - unDErstAtEs thE oCEAns’ importAnCE. iF you ConsiDEr instEAD thrEE-DimEnsionAl volumEs, thE lAnD-DwEllErs’ shArE oF thE plAnEt shrinks EvEn morE towArD insigniFiCAnCE: lEss thAn 1% oF thE totAl. most oF thE oCEAns’ Enormous volumE, liEs DEEp BElow thE FAmiliAr surFACE. thE uppEr sunlit lAyEr, By onE EstimAtE, ContAins only 2 or 3% oF thE totAl spACE AvAilABlE to liFE. thE othEr 97% oF thE EArth’s BiosphErE liEs DEEp BEnEAth thE wAtEr’s surFACE, whErE sunlight nEvEr pEnEtrAtEs.
until rECEntly, it wAs impossiBlE to stuDy thE DEEp oCEAn DirECtly.By thE sixtEEnth CEntury, Diving BElls AllowED pEoplE to stAy unDErwAtEr For A short timE: thEy CoulD swim to thE BEll to BrEAthE Air trAppED unDErnEAth it rAthEr thAn rEturn All thE wAy to thE surFACE. lAtEr, othEr DEviCEs, inCluDing prEssurizED or ArmorED suits, hEAvy mEtAl hElmEts, AnD ComprEssED Air suppliED through hosEs From thE surFACE, AllowED At lEAst onE DivEr to rEACh 500 FEEt or so.
it wAs 1930 whEn A Biologist nAmED williAmBEEBE AnD his EnginEEring CollEAguE otisBArton sEAlED thEmsElvEs into A nEw kinD oF Diving CrAFt, An invEntion thAt FinAlly AllowED humAns to pEnEtrAtE BEyonD thE shAllow sunlit lAyEr oF thE sEA AnD thE history oF DEEp-sEA ExplorAtion BEgAn. sCiEnCE thEn wAs lArgEly inCiDEntAl - somEthing thAt hAppEnED Along thE wAy. in tErms oF tEChniCAl ingEnuity AnD humAn BrAvEry, this pArt oF thE story is EvEry Bit As AmAzing As thE history oF EArly AviAtion. yEt mAny oF thEsE inDiviDuAls, AnD thE DEEp-Diving vEhiClEs thAt thEy Built AnD tEstED, ArE not wEll known.
it wAs not until thE 1970s thAt DEEp-Diving mAnnED suBmErsiBlEs wErE ABlE to rEACh thE miDoCEAn riDgE AnD BEgin mAking mAjor ContriButions to A wiDE rAngE oF sCiEntiFiC quEstions.A、Burst oF DisCovEriEs FollowED in short orDEr. sEvErAl oF thEsE proFounDly ChAngED wholE FiElDs oF sCiEnCE, AnD thEir impliCAtions ArE still not Fully unDErstooD、For ExAmplE, Biologists mAy now BE sEEing - in thE strAngE CommunitiEs oF miCroBEs AnD AnimAls thAt livE ArounD DEEp volCAniC vEnts - CluEs to thE origin oF liFE on EArth. no onE EvEn knEw thAt thEsE CommunitiEs ExistED BEForE ExplorErs BEgAn Diving to thE Bottom in suBmErsiBlEs.
EntEring thE DEEp, BlACk AByss prEsEnts uniquE ChAllEngEs For whiCh humAns must CArEFully prEpArE iF thEy wish to survivE. it is An unForgiving EnvironmEnt, Both hArsh AnD strAngEly BEAutiFul, thAt FEw who hAvE not ExpEriEnCED it FirsthAnD CAn Fully ApprECiAtE.EvEn thE most powErFul sEArChlights pEnEtrAtE only tEns oF FEEt. suspEnDED pArtiClEs sCAttEr thE light AnD wAtEr itsElF is FAr lEss trAnspArEnt thAn Air; it ABsorBs AnD sCAttErs light. thE oCEAn Also swAllows othEr typEs oF ElECtromAgnEtiC rADiAtion, inCluDing rADio signAls. thAt is why mAny DEEp sEA vEhiClEs DAnglE Fr
thEDEEp sEA
At A timE whEn most think oF outEr spACE As thE FinAl FrontiEr, wE must rEmEmBEr thAt A grEAt DEAl oF unFinishED BusinEss rEmAins hErE on EArth. roBots CrAwl on thE surFACE oF mArs, AnD spACECrAFt Exit our solAr systEm, But most oF our own plAnEt hAs still nEvEr BEEn sEEn By humAn EyEs. it sEEms ironiC thAt wE know morE ABout impACt CrAtErs on thE FAr siDE oF thE moon thAn ABout thE longEst AnD lArgEst mountAin rAngE on EArth. it is AmAzing thAt humAn BEings CrossED A quArtEr oF A million milEs oF spACE to visit our nEArEst CElEstiAl nEighBor BEForE pEnEtrAting just two milEs DEEp into thE EArth’s own wAtErs to ExplorE thE miDoCEAn riDgE.AnD it woulD BE hArD to imAginE A morE signiFiCAnt pArt oF our plAnEt to invEstigAtE - A ChAin oF volCAniC mountAins 42,000 milEs long whErE most oF thE EArth’s soliD surFACE wAs Born, AnD whErE vAst volCAnoEs ContinuE to CrEAtE nEw suBmArinE lAnDsCApEs.
thE FigurE wE so oFtEn sEE quotED - 71% oF thE EArth’s surFACE - unDErstAtEs thE oCEAns’ importAnCE. iF you ConsiDEr instEAD thrEE-DimEnsionAl volumEs, thE lAnD-DwEllErs’ shArE oF thE plAnEt shrinks EvEn morE towArD insigniFiCAnCE: lEss thAn 1% oF thE totAl. most oF thE oCEAns’ Enormous volumE, liEs DEEp BElow thE FAmiliAr surFACE. thE uppEr sunlit lAyEr, By onE EstimAtE, ContAins only 2 or 3% oF thE totAl spACE AvAilABlE to liFE. thE othEr 97% oF thE EArth’s BiosphErE liEs DEEp BEnEAth thE wAtEr’s surFACE, whErE sunlight nEvEr pEnEtrAtEs.
until rECEntly, it wAs impossiBlE to stuDy thE DEEp oCEAn DirECtly.By thE sixtEEnth CEntury, Diving BElls AllowED pEoplE to stAy unDErwAtEr For A short timE: thEy CoulD swim to thE BEll to BrEAthE Air trAppED unDErnEAth it rAthEr thAn rEturn All thE wAy to thE surFACE. lAtEr, othEr DEviCEs, inCluDing prEssurizED or ArmorED suits, hEAvy mEtAl hElmEts, AnD ComprEssED Air suppliED through hosEs From thE surFACE, AllowED At lEAst onE DivEr to rEACh 500 FEEt or so.
it wAs 1930 whEn A Biologist nAmED williAmBEEBE AnD his EnginEEring CollEAguE otisBArton sEAlED thEmsElvEs into A nEw kinD oF Diving CrAFt, An invEntion thAt FinAlly AllowED humAns to pEnEtrAtE BEyonD thE shAllow sunlit lAyEr oF thE sEA AnD thE history oF DEEp-sEA ExplorAtion BEgAn. sCiEnCE thEn wAs lArgEly inCiDEntAl - somEthing thAt hAppEnED Along thE wAy. in tErms oF tEChniCAl ingEnuity AnD humAn BrAvEry, this pArt oF thE story is EvEry Bit As AmAzing As thE history oF EArly AviAtion. yEt mAny oF thEsE inDiviDuAls, AnD thE DEEp-Diving vEhiClEs thAt thEy Built AnD tEstED, ArE not wEll known.
it wAs not until thE 1970s thAt DEEp-Diving mAnnED suBmErsiBlEs wErE ABlE to rEACh thE miDoCEAn riDgE AnD BEgin mAking mAjor ContriButions to A wiDE rAngE oF sCiEntiFiC quEstions.A、Burst oF DisCovEriEs FollowED in short orDEr. sEvErAl oF thEsE proFounDly ChAngED wholE FiElDs oF sCiEnCE, AnD thEir impliCAtions ArE still not Fully unDErstooD、For ExAmplE, Biologists mAy now BE sEEing - in thE strAngE CommunitiEs oF miCroBEs AnD AnimAls thAt livE ArounD DEEp volCAniC vEnts - CluEs to thE origin oF liFE on EArth. no onE EvEn knEw thAt thEsE CommunitiEs ExistED BEForE ExplorErs BEgAn Diving to thE Bottom in suBmErsiBlEs.
EntEring thE DEEp, BlACk AByss prEsEnts uniquE ChAllEngEs For whiCh humAns must CArEFully prEpArE iF thEy wish to survivE. it is An unForgiving EnvironmEnt, Both hArsh AnD strAngEly BEAutiFul, thAt FEw who hAvE not ExpEriEnCED it FirsthAnD CAn Fully ApprECiAtE.EvEn thE most powErFul sEArChlights pEnEtrAtE only tEns oF FEEt. suspEnDED pArtiClEs sCAttEr thE light AnD wAtEr itsElF is FAr lEss trAnspArEnt thAn Air; it ABsorBs AnD sCAttErs light. thE oCEAn Also swAllows othEr typEs oF ElECtromAgnEtiC rADiAtion, inCluDing rADio signAls. thAt is why mAny DEEp sEA vEhiClEs DAnglE Fr
【单选题】Cotton FArmErs inCEntrAlAmEriCA BEgAn to usE pEstiCiDEs
A、BECAusE oF An intEnsivE govErnmEnt ADvErtising CAmpAign.
B.in rEsponsE to thE AppEArAnCE oF nEw vAriEtiEs oF pEst.
C.As A rEsult oF ChAngEs in thE sEAsons AnD thE ClimAtE.
D.to EnsurE morE Cotton wAs hArvEstED From EACh Crop.
A、BECAusE oF An intEnsivE govErnmEnt ADvErtising CAmpAign.
B.in rEsponsE to thE AppEArAnCE oF nEw vAriEtiEs oF pEst.
C.As A rEsult oF ChAngEs in thE sEAsons AnD thE ClimAtE.
D.to EnsurE morE Cotton wAs hArvEstED From EACh Crop.
【单选题】Questions 22-26
Classify the. following groups of people according to whether they believe
A.Supplementation may have a positive effect.
B.Supplementation may have a negative effect.
C.Supplementation has no effect.
Write the correct letter A,B、or C, in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.
The NationalAdvisoryBoard
Classify the. following groups of people according to whether they believe
A.Supplementation may have a positive effect.
B.Supplementation may have a negative effect.
C.Supplementation has no effect.
Write the correct letter A,B、or C, in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.
The NationalAdvisoryBoard
【单选题】quEstions 31-40
ChoosE thE CorrECt lEttEr,A,
B、orC、
whAt FACtor CAn DrivE ClimAtE ChAngEA.Fossil FuEl
B、CulturAl gAs
C.solAr EnErgy
ChoosE thE CorrECt lEttEr,A,
B、orC、
whAt FACtor CAn DrivE ClimAtE ChAngEA.Fossil FuEl
B、CulturAl gAs
C.solAr EnErgy
【分析解答题】Computing is driving the philosophical understanding of quantum theoryFor evidence of the power of simplicity, you need look no further than a computer.Everything it does is based on the manipulation of binary digits, or bits-units of information that can be either 0 or 1. Using logical operations to combine those 0s and Is allows computers to add, multiply and divide, and from there go on to achieve all the feats of the digital age.But at each step of the complex operations involved, each bit has a definite value.The same cannot be said of many properties in quantum physics, such as the spin of an atomic nucleus or the position of an electron orbiting such a nucleus.At a small scale, such properties can have more than one value at once. In 1994, Peter Shor, a mathematician then atAT&T’’sBell Laboratories in New Jersey, realised that a computer that used such quantum properties to represent information could factorise large numbers extremely quickly. This is an important problem, because much of modern cryptography is based on the difficulty of factorising large numbers -- so being able to do so quickly would render many modern codes easily breakable. Then, in 1996, a colleague ofDr Shor’’s atBell Labs, Lov Grover, showed that such a quantum computer would be able to search through an unsorted database much faster than an ordinary computer -- another important application.With these insights, quantum computing, which had first been thought of as a possibility in the early 1980s, became a hot topic of research. It was clear to many physicists that using "qubits" -- which, unlike ordinary bits, can exist in a "superposition" of the values 0 and 1 simultaneously -- might yield an exponential improvement in computing power. This is because a pair of qubits could be in four different states at once, three qubits in eight, and so forth. WhatDr Shor andDr Grover showed was that the improvement, if the technological hurdles could be overcome, would be not hypothetical, but real, and useful for important problems.The technology necessary to manipulate qubits, in their various incarnations, is challenging. So far, nobody has managed to get a quantum computer to perform anything other than the most basic operations.But the field has been gathering pace, and is the topic of much discussion among the scientists gathered in Montreal for the annual March meeting of theAmerican Physical Society, the largest physics conference in the worl
D、There are currently several different approaches to quantum computing, all of which rely on fundamentally different technologies, including ultra-cold ions that are cooled by lasers, pulses of laser light, nuclear-magnetic resonance and solid-state devices such as superconducting junctions or quantum dots (which are confined clouds of electrons). What all these technologies have in common is that they can be used to invoke and exploit the bizarre phenomenon of superposition.Superposition is not simple. Though a qubit may, for a while, be in a state of superposition between 0 and 1, it must eventually choose between the two.And in even the best quantum computers, that choice, or "decoherence", happens in a fraction of a millisecon
D、Just how the choice is made, and how to prolong the preceding period of "coherence" that allows quantum computations to be made, constitute a long-unexplained gap at the heart of modern physics. For nearly 80 years, since the inception of quantum theory in the 1920s, most physicists were content to gloss over the process. What is perhaps surprising is that the technological challenge of quantum computing is now a driving force behind efforts to understand the most abstract and philosophical underpinnings of quantum mechanics.
D、There are currently several different approaches to quantum computing, all of which rely on fundamentally different technologies, including ultra-cold ions that are cooled by lasers, pulses of laser light, nuclear-magnetic resonance and solid-state devices such as superconducting junctions or quantum dots (which are confined clouds of electrons). What all these technologies have in common is that they can be used to invoke and exploit the bizarre phenomenon of superposition.Superposition is not simple. Though a qubit may, for a while, be in a state of superposition between 0 and 1, it must eventually choose between the two.And in even the best quantum computers, that choice, or "decoherence", happens in a fraction of a millisecon
D、Just how the choice is made, and how to prolong the preceding period of "coherence" that allows quantum computations to be made, constitute a long-unexplained gap at the heart of modern physics. For nearly 80 years, since the inception of quantum theory in the 1920s, most physicists were content to gloss over the process. What is perhaps surprising is that the technological challenge of quantum computing is now a driving force behind efforts to understand the most abstract and philosophical underpinnings of quantum mechanics.
【分析解答题】Computing is driving the philosophical understanding of quantum theoryFor evidence of the power of simplicity, you need look no further than a computer.Everything it does is based on the manipulation of binary digits, or bits-units of information that can be either 0 or 1. Using logical operations to combine those 0s and Is allows computers to add, multiply and divide, and from there go on to achieve all the feats of the digital age.But at each step of the complex operations involved, each bit has a definite value.The same cannot be said of many properties in quantum physics, such as the spin of an atomic nucleus or the position of an electron orbiting such a nucleus.At a small scale, such properties can have more than one value at once. In 1994, Peter Shor, a mathematician then atAT&T’’sBell Laboratories in New Jersey, realised that a computer that used such quantum properties to represent information could factorise large numbers extremely quickly. This is an important problem, because much of modern cryptography is based on the difficulty of factorising large numbers -- so being able to do so quickly would render many modern codes easily breakable. Then, in 1996, a colleague ofDr Shor’’s atBell Labs, Lov Grover, showed that such a quantum computer would be able to search through an unsorted database much faster than an ordinary computer -- another important application.With these insights, quantum computing, which had first been thought of as a possibility in the early 1980s, became a hot topic of research. It was clear to many physicists that using "qubits" -- which, unlike ordinary bits, can exist in a "superposition" of the values 0 and 1 simultaneously -- might yield an exponential improvement in computing power. This is because a pair of qubits could be in four different states at once, three qubits in eight, and so forth. WhatDr Shor andDr Grover showed was that the improvement, if the technological hurdles could be overcome, would be not hypothetical, but real, and useful for important problems.The technology necessary to manipulate qubits, in their various incarnations, is challenging. So far, nobody has managed to get a quantum computer to perform anything other than the most basic operations.But the field has been gathering pace, and is the topic of much discussion among the scientists gathered in Montreal for the annual March meeting of theAmerican Physical Society, the largest physics conference in the worl
D、There are currently several different approaches to quantum computing, all of which rely on fundamentally different technologies, including ultra-cold ions that are cooled by lasers, pulses of laser light, nuclear-magnetic resonance and solid-state devices such as superconducting junctions or quantum dots (which are confined clouds of electrons). What all these technologies have in common is that they can be used to invoke and exploit the bizarre phenomenon of superposition.Superposition is not simple. Though a qubit may, for a while, be in a state of superposition between 0 and 1, it must eventually choose between the two.And in even the best quantum computers, that choice, or "decoherence", happens in a fraction of a millisecon
D、Just how the choice is made, and how to prolong the preceding period of "coherence" that allows quantum computations to be made, constitute a long-unexplained gap at the heart of modern physics. For nearly 80 years, since the inception of quantum theory in the 1920s, most physicists were content to gloss over the process. What is perhaps surprising is that the technological challenge of quantum computing is now a driving force behind efforts to understand the most abstract and philosophical underpinnings of quantum mechanics.
D、There are currently several different approaches to quantum computing, all of which rely on fundamentally different technologies, including ultra-cold ions that are cooled by lasers, pulses of laser light, nuclear-magnetic resonance and solid-state devices such as superconducting junctions or quantum dots (which are confined clouds of electrons). What all these technologies have in common is that they can be used to invoke and exploit the bizarre phenomenon of superposition.Superposition is not simple. Though a qubit may, for a while, be in a state of superposition between 0 and 1, it must eventually choose between the two.And in even the best quantum computers, that choice, or "decoherence", happens in a fraction of a millisecon
D、Just how the choice is made, and how to prolong the preceding period of "coherence" that allows quantum computations to be made, constitute a long-unexplained gap at the heart of modern physics. For nearly 80 years, since the inception of quantum theory in the 1920s, most physicists were content to gloss over the process. What is perhaps surprising is that the technological challenge of quantum computing is now a driving force behind efforts to understand the most abstract and philosophical underpinnings of quantum mechanics.
【分析解答题】
A、 Malcolm sits by the window.
B、 Malcolm lives in New York
C、Elsa lives in Florid
A、D、Elsa changed her seat because a man next to her was smoking.E、Elsa’’s boyfriend and she still live near Spaceport.(F) Malcolm still lives a few miles from Spaceport.(G) Malcolm sold the house and the furniture a few miles from Spaceport and moved to his friend’’s in Florid
A、(H) Malcolm has move to New York.
A、 Malcolm sits by the window.
B、 Malcolm lives in New York
C、Elsa lives in Florid
A、D、Elsa changed her seat because a man next to her was smoking.E、Elsa’’s boyfriend and she still live near Spaceport.(F) Malcolm still lives a few miles from Spaceport.(G) Malcolm sold the house and the furniture a few miles from Spaceport and moved to his friend’’s in Florid
A、(H) Malcolm has move to New York.
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