【单选题】 How many pollutants currently exceed WHO guidelines in all megacities studied
A one
B two
C three
D seven
【分析解答题】Holistic medicine is regarding the person as (21)____________, a mental or emotional person, and also (22) ____________.Holistic medicine means looking at the body (23)_____________rather than looking at (24)____________of the body.
【单选题】Holistic medicine is regarding the person as (21)____________, a mental or emotional person, and also (22) ____________.Holistic medicine means looking at the body (23)_____________rather than looking at (24)____________of the body.
A、an imbalance of the energy
B.merely rheumatism
C.arthritis
A、an imbalance of the energy
B.merely rheumatism
C.arthritis
【分析解答题】you shoulD spEnD ABout 20 minutEs on this tAsk.
thE DiAgrAm shows how ChoColAtE is mADE.
summArisE thE inFormAtion By sElECting AnD rEporting thE mAin FEAturEs AnD By mAking CompArisons whErE rElEvAnt.
writE At lEAst 150 worDs.
thE DiAgrAm shows how ChoColAtE is mADE.
summArisE thE inFormAtion By sElECting AnD rEporting thE mAin FEAturEs AnD By mAking CompArisons whErE rElEvAnt.
writE At lEAst 150 worDs.
【分析解答题】Holistic medicine is regarding the person as (21)____________, a mental or emotional person, and also (22) ____________.Holistic medicine means looking at the body (23)_____________rather than looking at (24)____________of the body.
【单选题】ChoosE thE CorrECt lEttEr, A,
B、or C、 whAt kinD oF visA DoEs thE AppliCAnt hAvE
A.A visA grAnting inDEFinitE stAy
B、A visA with work rights
C.A stuDEnt visA
B、or C、 whAt kinD oF visA DoEs thE AppliCAnt hAvE
A.A visA grAnting inDEFinitE stAy
B、A visA with work rights
C.A stuDEnt visA
【分析解答题】you shoulD spEnD ABout 20 minutEs on quEstions whiCh ArE BAsED on rEADing pAssAgE 2 BElow.
thE pursuit oF hAppinEss
A、
in thE lAtE 1990s, psyChologist mArtin sEligmAn oF thE univErsity oF pEnnsylvAniA urgED CollEAguEs to oBsErvE optimAl mooDs with thE sAmE kinD oF FoCus with whiCh thEy hAD For so long stuDiED illnEssEs: wE woulD nEvEr lEArn ABout thE Full rAngE oF humAn FunCtions unlEss wE knEw As muCh ABout mEntAl wEllnEss As wE Do ABout mEntAl illnEss.A、nEw gEnErAtion oF psyChologists Built up A rEspECtABlE BoDy oF rEsEArCh on positivE ChArACtEr trAits AnD hAppinEss-Boosting prACtiCEs.At thE sAmE timE, DEvElopmEnts in nEurosCiEnCE proviDED nEw CluEs to whAt mAkEs us hAppy AnD whAt thAt looks likE in thE BrAin. sElF-AppointED ExpErts took ADvAntAgE oF thE trEnD with guArAntEEs to EliminAtE worry, strEss, DEjECtion AnD EvEn BorEDom. this hAppinEss movEmEnt hAs provokED A grEAt DEAl oF opposition Among psyChologists who oBsErvE thAt thE prEoCCupAtion with hAppinEss hAs ComE At thE Cost oF sADnEss, An importAnt FEEling thAt pEoplE hAvE triED to BAnish From thEir EmotionAl rEpErtoirE.AllAn horwitz oF rutgErs lAmEnts thAt young pEoplE who ArE nAturAlly wEEpy AFtEr BrEAkups ArE oFtEn urgED to mEDiCAtE thEmsElvEs instEAD oF working through thEir sADnEss. wAkE ForEst univErsity’sEriC wilson FumEs thAt thE oBsEssion with hAppinEss Amounts to A "CrAvEn DisrEgArD" For thE mElAnCholiC pErspECtivE thAt hAs givEn risE to thE grEAtEst works oF Art. "thE hAppy mAn," hE writEs, "is A hollow mAn."
B、
AFtEr All, pEoplE ArE rEmArkABly ADAptABlE. Following A vAriABlE pErioD oF ADjustmEnt, wE BounCE BACk to our prEvious lEvEl oF hAppinEss, no mAttEr whAt hAppEns to us. (thErE ArE somE sCiEntiFiCAlly provEn ExCEptions, notABly suFFEring thE unExpECtED loss oF A joB or thE loss oF A spousE.Both EvEnts tEnD to pErmAnEntly knoCk pEoplE BACk A stEp.) our ADAptABility works in two DirECtions.BECAusE wE ArE so ADAptABlE, points out proFEssor sonjA lyuBomirsky oF thE univErsity oFCAliForniA, wE quiCkly gEt usED to mAny oF thE ACComplishmEnts wE strivE For in liFE, suCh As lAnDing thE Big joB or gEtting mArriE
D、soon AFtEr wE rEACh A milEstonE, wE stArt to FEEl thAt somEthing is missing. wE BEgin CovEting AnothEr worlDly possEssion or EyEing A soCiAl ADvAnCEmEnt.But suCh An ApproACh kEEps us tEthErED to A trEADmill whErE hAppinEss is AlwAys just out oF rEACh, onE toy or onE stEp AwAy. it’s possiBlE to gEt oFF thE trEADmill EntirEly By FoCusing on ACtivitiEs thAt ArE DynAmiC, surprising, AnD AttEntion- ABsorBing, AnD thus lEss likEly to BorE us thAn, sAy, ACquiring shiny nEw toys.
C、
morEovEr, hAppinEss is not A rEwArD For EsCAping pAin. russ hArris, thE Author oF thE hAppinEss trAp, CAlls populAr ConCEptions oF hAppinEss DAngErous BECAusE thEy sEt pEoplE up For A "strugglE AgAinst rEAlity". thEy Don’t ACknowlEDgE thAt rEAl liFE is Full oF DisAppointmEnts, loss, AnD inConvEniEnCEs. "iF you’rE going to livE A riCh AnD mEAningFul liFE," hArris sAys, "you’rE going to FEEl A Full rAngE oF Emotions."ACtion towArD goAls othEr thAn hAppinEss mAkEs pEoplE hAppy. it is not Crossing thE Finish linE thAt is most rEwArDing, it is AntiCipAting AChiEving thE goAl. univErsity oF wisConsin nEurosCiEntist riChArDDAviDson hAs FounD thAt working hArD towArD A goAl, AnD mAking progrEss to thE point oF ExpECting A goAl to BE rEAlisED, not only ACtivAtEs positivE FEElings But Also supprEssEs nEgAtivE Emotions suCh As FEAr AnD DEprEssion.
D、
wE ArE ConstAntly mAking DECisions, rAnging From whAt ClothEs to put on, to whom wE shoulD mArry, not to mEntion All thosE FlAvors oF iCE CrEAm. wE BAsE mAny oF our DECisions on whEthEr wE think A pArtiCulAr prEFErEnCE will inCrEAsE our wEll-BEing. intuitivEly, wE sEEm ConvinCED thAt thE morE ChoiCEs wE hAvE, thE BEttEr oFF wE will ultimAtEly BE.But our worlD oF unlimitED opportunity imprisons us morE thAn it mAkEs us hAppy. in w
thE pursuit oF hAppinEss
A、
in thE lAtE 1990s, psyChologist mArtin sEligmAn oF thE univErsity oF pEnnsylvAniA urgED CollEAguEs to oBsErvE optimAl mooDs with thE sAmE kinD oF FoCus with whiCh thEy hAD For so long stuDiED illnEssEs: wE woulD nEvEr lEArn ABout thE Full rAngE oF humAn FunCtions unlEss wE knEw As muCh ABout mEntAl wEllnEss As wE Do ABout mEntAl illnEss.A、nEw gEnErAtion oF psyChologists Built up A rEspECtABlE BoDy oF rEsEArCh on positivE ChArACtEr trAits AnD hAppinEss-Boosting prACtiCEs.At thE sAmE timE, DEvElopmEnts in nEurosCiEnCE proviDED nEw CluEs to whAt mAkEs us hAppy AnD whAt thAt looks likE in thE BrAin. sElF-AppointED ExpErts took ADvAntAgE oF thE trEnD with guArAntEEs to EliminAtE worry, strEss, DEjECtion AnD EvEn BorEDom. this hAppinEss movEmEnt hAs provokED A grEAt DEAl oF opposition Among psyChologists who oBsErvE thAt thE prEoCCupAtion with hAppinEss hAs ComE At thE Cost oF sADnEss, An importAnt FEEling thAt pEoplE hAvE triED to BAnish From thEir EmotionAl rEpErtoirE.AllAn horwitz oF rutgErs lAmEnts thAt young pEoplE who ArE nAturAlly wEEpy AFtEr BrEAkups ArE oFtEn urgED to mEDiCAtE thEmsElvEs instEAD oF working through thEir sADnEss. wAkE ForEst univErsity’sEriC wilson FumEs thAt thE oBsEssion with hAppinEss Amounts to A "CrAvEn DisrEgArD" For thE mElAnCholiC pErspECtivE thAt hAs givEn risE to thE grEAtEst works oF Art. "thE hAppy mAn," hE writEs, "is A hollow mAn."
B、
AFtEr All, pEoplE ArE rEmArkABly ADAptABlE. Following A vAriABlE pErioD oF ADjustmEnt, wE BounCE BACk to our prEvious lEvEl oF hAppinEss, no mAttEr whAt hAppEns to us. (thErE ArE somE sCiEntiFiCAlly provEn ExCEptions, notABly suFFEring thE unExpECtED loss oF A joB or thE loss oF A spousE.Both EvEnts tEnD to pErmAnEntly knoCk pEoplE BACk A stEp.) our ADAptABility works in two DirECtions.BECAusE wE ArE so ADAptABlE, points out proFEssor sonjA lyuBomirsky oF thE univErsity oFCAliForniA, wE quiCkly gEt usED to mAny oF thE ACComplishmEnts wE strivE For in liFE, suCh As lAnDing thE Big joB or gEtting mArriE
D、soon AFtEr wE rEACh A milEstonE, wE stArt to FEEl thAt somEthing is missing. wE BEgin CovEting AnothEr worlDly possEssion or EyEing A soCiAl ADvAnCEmEnt.But suCh An ApproACh kEEps us tEthErED to A trEADmill whErE hAppinEss is AlwAys just out oF rEACh, onE toy or onE stEp AwAy. it’s possiBlE to gEt oFF thE trEADmill EntirEly By FoCusing on ACtivitiEs thAt ArE DynAmiC, surprising, AnD AttEntion- ABsorBing, AnD thus lEss likEly to BorE us thAn, sAy, ACquiring shiny nEw toys.
C、
morEovEr, hAppinEss is not A rEwArD For EsCAping pAin. russ hArris, thE Author oF thE hAppinEss trAp, CAlls populAr ConCEptions oF hAppinEss DAngErous BECAusE thEy sEt pEoplE up For A "strugglE AgAinst rEAlity". thEy Don’t ACknowlEDgE thAt rEAl liFE is Full oF DisAppointmEnts, loss, AnD inConvEniEnCEs. "iF you’rE going to livE A riCh AnD mEAningFul liFE," hArris sAys, "you’rE going to FEEl A Full rAngE oF Emotions."ACtion towArD goAls othEr thAn hAppinEss mAkEs pEoplE hAppy. it is not Crossing thE Finish linE thAt is most rEwArDing, it is AntiCipAting AChiEving thE goAl. univErsity oF wisConsin nEurosCiEntist riChArDDAviDson hAs FounD thAt working hArD towArD A goAl, AnD mAking progrEss to thE point oF ExpECting A goAl to BE rEAlisED, not only ACtivAtEs positivE FEElings But Also supprEssEs nEgAtivE Emotions suCh As FEAr AnD DEprEssion.
D、
wE ArE ConstAntly mAking DECisions, rAnging From whAt ClothEs to put on, to whom wE shoulD mArry, not to mEntion All thosE FlAvors oF iCE CrEAm. wE BAsE mAny oF our DECisions on whEthEr wE think A pArtiCulAr prEFErEnCE will inCrEAsE our wEll-BEing. intuitivEly, wE sEEm ConvinCED thAt thE morE ChoiCEs wE hAvE, thE BEttEr oFF wE will ultimAtEly BE.But our worlD oF unlimitED opportunity imprisons us morE thAn it mAkEs us hAppy. in w
【分析解答题】
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【分析解答题】Rogue theory of smell gets a boost Published online: 6December 2006 Rogue theory of smell gets a boost 1.
A、controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists. 2.Calculations by researchers at UniversityCollege London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involveD、 3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct.But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously. 4. "This is a big step forward," says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virgini
A、He says that since he published his theory, "it has been ignored rather than criticizeD、" 5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes. 6.But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs.And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different — to animals, if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。 7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain. 8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock. 9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. "The question is whether this is possible in the nose," says Stoneham’s colleague,Andrew HorsfielD、 10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, "I didn’t believe it".But, he adds, "because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters. 11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort. 12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible. 14. Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. "At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations," he says. "Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition."At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is. Most scientist
A、controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists. 2.Calculations by researchers at UniversityCollege London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involveD、 3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct.But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously. 4. "This is a big step forward," says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virgini
A、He says that since he published his theory, "it has been ignored rather than criticizeD、" 5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes. 6.But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs.And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different — to animals, if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。 7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain. 8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock. 9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. "The question is whether this is possible in the nose," says Stoneham’s colleague,Andrew HorsfielD、 10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, "I didn’t believe it".But, he adds, "because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters. 11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort. 12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible. 14. Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. "At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations," he says. "Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition."At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is. Most scientist
【单选题】
CrEDitCArD shiElD isA.An insurAnCE CompAny whiCh DEAls with CArD thEF
B.A systEm For rEgistEring pEoplE’s CArD DEtAil
C.An EmErgEnCy tElEphonE AnswEring sErviC
D.An AgEnCy For FinDing lost or stolEn CArD
CrEDitCArD shiElD isA.An insurAnCE CompAny whiCh DEAls with CArD thEF
B.A systEm For rEgistEring pEoplE’s CArD DEtAil
C.An EmErgEnCy tElEphonE AnswEring sErviC
D.An AgEnCy For FinDing lost or stolEn CArD
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