【单选题】whiCh oF thE Following ContrAvEnED thE lAw During thE tAng ErA
A A quAliFiED DoCtor's rEFusAl to prACtisE
B thE usE oF unorthoDox mEDiCAl prACtiCEs
C A pAtiEnt Dying unDEr mEDiCAl trEAtmEnt
D thE rECEipt oF monEy For mEDiCAl trEAtmEnt
【单选题】 Fig 1 ...................
【单选题】(11)____________ suitABlE For pEoplE who likE living high up
A、thEBArBiCAn
B、st john’’s wooD
C.BAttErsEA
A、thEBArBiCAn
B、st john’’s wooD
C.BAttErsEA
【分析解答题】The road to invention Big companies have a big problem with innovation. This was most vividly described byClaytonChristensen, a HarvardBusiness School professor, in his book, "The Innovator’’sDilemma" (HarvardBusiness School Press, 1997). Few conversations about innovation take place without reference to this influential work.The OxfordEnglishDictionary defines innovation as "making changes to something established". Invention, by contrast, is the act of "coming upon or finding: discovery". Whereas inventors stumble across or make new things, "innovators try to change the status quo," saysBhaskarChakravorti of the Monitor Group, another consulting firm, "which is why markets resist them. " Innovations frequently disrupt the way that companies do things (and may have been doing them for years).It is not just markets that resist innovation. Michael Hammer, co-author of another important business book ("Re-engineering theCorporation", HarperCollins) quotes the example of a PC-maker that set out to imitateDell’’s famous "Build-to-Order" system of computer assembly. The company found that its attempts were frustrated not just by its head of manufacturing, who feared it would lead to most of his demesne, including his job, being outsourced, but also by the head of marketing, who did not want to upset his existing retail outlets. So the innovative proposal got nowhere.Dell continued to dominate the business.Mr.Christensen described how "disruptive innovation" — simpler, cheaper and more convenient products that seriously upset the status quo — can herald the rapid downfall of well-established and successful businesses. This, he argues, is because most organizations are designed to grow through "sustaining innovations"-the sort, like Gillette’’s vibrating razor, that do no more than improve on existing products for existing markets.When they are hit by a disruptive innovation — as IBM was by the invention of the personal computer and as numerous national airlines have been by low-cost carriers — they are in danger of being blasted out of their market. This message found a ready audience, coming as it did just as giant businesses from banking to retailing, and from insurance to auction houses, were being told that some as-yet-unformed dotcom was about to knock them off their pedestal.
【分析解答题】ComplEtE thE Form BElow.
writE no morE、thAn thrEE、worDsAnD/orA、numBEr For EACh AnswEr.
propErty rEntAl sEArCh:CliEntDEtAils
ADDrEss: "thE royAl", (1) , ironBriDgE
AgE: (2)
ACCommoDAtion rEquirED From: (3) until 30 junE
priCE rAngE: minimum £60 pEr wEEk, mAximum
(4) pEr wEEk
prEFErrED typE oF propErty: (5)
writE no morE、thAn thrEE、worDsAnD/orA、numBEr For EACh AnswEr.
propErty rEntAl sEArCh:CliEntDEtAils
ADDrEss: "thE royAl", (1) , ironBriDgE
AgE: (2)
ACCommoDAtion rEquirED From: (3) until 30 junE
priCE rAngE: minimum £60 pEr wEEk, mAximum
(4) pEr wEEk
prEFErrED typE oF propErty: (5)
【分析解答题】Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE、THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.
Critique:
Attachment Parenting
very stressful as parents have to give in to (36) of the baby but not yet any (37) to show that it works
Extinction Method
a good night’s sleep is attained by family members because baby is (38) anD、....., but can lead to (39) such as despair & unhappiness later in life
GraduatedExtinction
a central position so (40) have been avoided
Choose NO MORE、THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.
Critique:
Attachment Parenting
very stressful as parents have to give in to (36) of the baby but not yet any (37) to show that it works
Extinction Method
a good night’s sleep is attained by family members because baby is (38) anD、....., but can lead to (39) such as despair & unhappiness later in life
GraduatedExtinction
a central position so (40) have been avoided
【分析解答题】
{{B}}sECtion 1 qusEtions 1-10{{/B}}
{{B}}qusEtions 1-4{{/B}}
lABEl thE mAp with thE Following plACEs:
{{B}}sECtion 1 qusEtions 1-10{{/B}}
{{B}}qusEtions 1-4{{/B}}
lABEl thE mAp with thE Following plACEs:
【多选题】
{{B}}qusEtions 11-15{{/B}}
AnswEr thE Following quEstions using {{B}}no morE、thAn thrEE、worDsAnD/orA、numBEr{{/B}} For EACh AnswEr.
on whiCh Forms oF trAnsport CAn A onE-DAy trAvEl CArD BE usED
{{B}}qusEtions 11-15{{/B}}
AnswEr thE Following quEstions using {{B}}no morE、thAn thrEE、worDsAnD/orA、numBEr{{/B}} For EACh AnswEr.
on whiCh Forms oF trAnsport CAn A onE-DAy trAvEl CArD BE usED
【单选题】Maths textbooks in Japanese schools are
A.cheap for pupils to buy.
B.well organised and adapted to the needs of the pupils.
C.written to be used in conjunction with TV programmes.
D.not very popular with many Japanese teachers.
A.cheap for pupils to buy.
B.well organised and adapted to the needs of the pupils.
C.written to be used in conjunction with TV programmes.
D.not very popular with many Japanese teachers.
【分析解答题】How to increase sales Published online: Nov 9th 2006 From TheEconomist print edition How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales 1.
A、TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intendeD、Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is, how ants, bees or any social animal, including humans, behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2.At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome, Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology, described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance, by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store, forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes, also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3.Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information, and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer.As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too. 4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is, the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world, mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets.But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart inAmerica and Tesco inBritain are interested in his work, and testing will get under way in the spring. 5.Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could, indeed, be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik ofColumbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded, they followed the crowD、When the songs were not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounceD、People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. 6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category, and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem, a company inCambridge, Massachusetts, also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales. 7.And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such asAmazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers.Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm.Songs ranked high by the nu
A、TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intendeD、Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is, how ants, bees or any social animal, including humans, behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2.At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome, Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani, a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology, described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance, by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store, forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes, also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3.Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information, and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer.As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too. 4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is, the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world, mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets.But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart inAmerica and Tesco inBritain are interested in his work, and testing will get under way in the spring. 5.Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could, indeed, be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik ofColumbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded, they followed the crowD、When the songs were not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounceD、People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. 6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category, and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem, a company inCambridge, Massachusetts, also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales. 7.And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such asAmazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers.Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm.Songs ranked high by the nu
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