【分析解答题】Task2 The best way for government to solve the traffice congestion is to provide free public transport 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. To what extent do you agree or disagree
【分析解答题】quEstions 5-10
ComplEtE thE Form BElow.
writE no morE、thAn two worDsAnD/orA、numBEr For EACh AnswEr.
ComplEtE thE Form BElow.
writE no morE、thAn two worDsAnD/orA、numBEr For EACh AnswEr.
pAssport # | (5) |
nAtionAlity | spAnish |
postAl ADDrEss | 1339 (6) hollywEll 1517 |
ContACt DEtAils | phonE: 09-5577 5076 |
prEFErrED ContACt pErson | mnrthn (7) (lAnDlADy)—ContACt numBEr ABovE |
titlE | (8) |
FAmily nAmE | FArinA |
First givEn nAmE | mAriA |
othEr givEn nAmE (s) | rosAAnA |
Any othEr nAmEs | mAry = ( (9) ) |
DAtE oF Birth | (10) /..../(DD/mm/yy) |
gEnDEr | FEmAlE |
nAmE oF spousE | n/A、 |
【分析解答题】
A、serious contest
A、 Like the combatants in a beat-me-up video game, the makers of videogames consoles do battle in orderly rounds, one of which occurs every five or six years. The current round began in 2000, when Sony launched PlayStation 2. In 2001 Nintendo, the firm that once ruled the industry, launched the GameCube, and Microsoft made its first foray into the cut-throat market with the Xbox. Four years on, Sony is the clear winner, with sales of 70 million consoles, followed by Microsoft with 14 million and Nintendo with 13 million.Next week, the industry’’s biggest trade show,E3, which takes place in LosAngeles, will provide the first glimpses of the next roun
D、It is expected to be a brutal two-way fight. For, after a difficult start, Microsoft has now established itself as Sony’’s main rival, and is gaining momentum. Most important, it has won the crucial support of games publishers, says Nick Gibson of Games Investor, a consultancy. That means Microsoft will "pretty much be neck and neck with Sony" in the next roun
D、Nintendo, by contrast, has been less successful at keeping publishers on board, and has survived thanks only to the strength of its in-house software business.B、 Xbox Live, Microsoft’’s subscription-based online-gaming service, has also been well receive
D、It provides features, such as global player rankings, that Sony cannot match.And although online gaming is still a minority sport, it is expected to be far more significant in the next round, as broadband connections and wireless home networks become more widesprea
D、By signing up customers for Xbox Live now, Microsoft hopes to retain their loyalty into the next roun
D、But perhaps cleverest of all is Microsoft’’s new software-development platform for games, called XNA, a set of software tools that can be used to write games for PCs, Xbox and the forthcoming Xbox 2.According to RobbieBach, Microsoft’’s "chief Xbox officer", insulating programmers from the underlying complexity of the console hardware "creates huge cost efficiency and flexibility. " While Microsoft will probably not unveil the Xbox 2 atE3, says P.J. McNealy, an analyst atAmerican Technology Research, the XN
A、tools will enable the firm to demonstrate the kind of things that will be possible on Xbox 2 when it appears.C、 The contrast with Sony is striking. While Microsoft is focusing on software, Sony is emphasizing hardware innovation for its PlayStation 3. Its plan, which it has yet to describe fully, is to use a new kind of chip, calledCell, as the basis for both the PlayStation 3 and its consumer-electronics devices, such asDV
D、players. With multipleCell chips working in parallel, the PlayStation 3 will be a powerful machine.But its radical new architecture will require games programmers to start from scratch. In the meantime, Sony is trying to keep developers focused on the PlayStation 2.
D、 Microsoft senses an opportunity. It is widely expected to steal a march on Sony by launching the Xbox 2 towards the end of next year, kicking off the next round before Sony is ready. "Microsoft has taken the gloves off," says Mr. McNealy. The PlayStation 3 is not expected until early 2006, and even then only in Japan; analysts do not expect the worldwide launch until late 2006. (Nintendo’’s successor to the GameCube is also expected in 2006.) Last time around, Sony’’s 18-month head start and Microsoft’’s status as the industry’’s newcomer meant that the Xbox never had a chance of catching up with PlayStation 2; it was always going to be just a trial run for Microsoft.But now Sony and Microsoft look evenly matched — and the battle can begin in earnest.Questions 17-20 Below is a list of headings, choose the most suitable choices for partsA~D、and write the appropriate numbers (i-v) on your answer sheet.NB、There are more headings than you need so you will not use all of them and you may use any heading more than once.List of Headingi. Sony fo
A、serious contest
A、 Like the combatants in a beat-me-up video game, the makers of videogames consoles do battle in orderly rounds, one of which occurs every five or six years. The current round began in 2000, when Sony launched PlayStation 2. In 2001 Nintendo, the firm that once ruled the industry, launched the GameCube, and Microsoft made its first foray into the cut-throat market with the Xbox. Four years on, Sony is the clear winner, with sales of 70 million consoles, followed by Microsoft with 14 million and Nintendo with 13 million.Next week, the industry’’s biggest trade show,E3, which takes place in LosAngeles, will provide the first glimpses of the next roun
D、It is expected to be a brutal two-way fight. For, after a difficult start, Microsoft has now established itself as Sony’’s main rival, and is gaining momentum. Most important, it has won the crucial support of games publishers, says Nick Gibson of Games Investor, a consultancy. That means Microsoft will "pretty much be neck and neck with Sony" in the next roun
D、Nintendo, by contrast, has been less successful at keeping publishers on board, and has survived thanks only to the strength of its in-house software business.B、 Xbox Live, Microsoft’’s subscription-based online-gaming service, has also been well receive
D、It provides features, such as global player rankings, that Sony cannot match.And although online gaming is still a minority sport, it is expected to be far more significant in the next round, as broadband connections and wireless home networks become more widesprea
D、By signing up customers for Xbox Live now, Microsoft hopes to retain their loyalty into the next roun
D、But perhaps cleverest of all is Microsoft’’s new software-development platform for games, called XNA, a set of software tools that can be used to write games for PCs, Xbox and the forthcoming Xbox 2.According to RobbieBach, Microsoft’’s "chief Xbox officer", insulating programmers from the underlying complexity of the console hardware "creates huge cost efficiency and flexibility. " While Microsoft will probably not unveil the Xbox 2 atE3, says P.J. McNealy, an analyst atAmerican Technology Research, the XN
A、tools will enable the firm to demonstrate the kind of things that will be possible on Xbox 2 when it appears.C、 The contrast with Sony is striking. While Microsoft is focusing on software, Sony is emphasizing hardware innovation for its PlayStation 3. Its plan, which it has yet to describe fully, is to use a new kind of chip, calledCell, as the basis for both the PlayStation 3 and its consumer-electronics devices, such asDV
D、players. With multipleCell chips working in parallel, the PlayStation 3 will be a powerful machine.But its radical new architecture will require games programmers to start from scratch. In the meantime, Sony is trying to keep developers focused on the PlayStation 2.
D、 Microsoft senses an opportunity. It is widely expected to steal a march on Sony by launching the Xbox 2 towards the end of next year, kicking off the next round before Sony is ready. "Microsoft has taken the gloves off," says Mr. McNealy. The PlayStation 3 is not expected until early 2006, and even then only in Japan; analysts do not expect the worldwide launch until late 2006. (Nintendo’’s successor to the GameCube is also expected in 2006.) Last time around, Sony’’s 18-month head start and Microsoft’’s status as the industry’’s newcomer meant that the Xbox never had a chance of catching up with PlayStation 2; it was always going to be just a trial run for Microsoft.But now Sony and Microsoft look evenly matched — and the battle can begin in earnest.Questions 17-20 Below is a list of headings, choose the most suitable choices for partsA~D、and write the appropriate numbers (i-v) on your answer sheet.NB、There are more headings than you need so you will not use all of them and you may use any heading more than once.List of Headingi. Sony fo
【分析解答题】
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AnswEr thE Following quEstions using {{B}}no morE、thAn thrEE、worDsAnD/orA、numBEr{{/B}} For EACh AnswEr.
【分析解答题】Rogue theory of smell gets a boost Published online: 6December 2006 Rogue theory of smell gets a boost 1.
A、controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists. 2.Calculations by researchers at UniversityCollege London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involveD、 3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct.But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously. 4. "This is a big step forward," says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virgini
A、He says that since he published his theory, "it has been ignored rather than criticizeD、" 5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes. 6.But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs.And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different — to animals, if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。 7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain. 8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock. 9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. "The question is whether this is possible in the nose," says Stoneham’s colleague,Andrew HorsfielD、 10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, "I didn’t believe it".But, he adds, "because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters. 11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort. 12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible. 14. Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. "At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations," he says. "Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition."At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is. Question 10-11
A、controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists. 2.Calculations by researchers at UniversityCollege London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involveD、 3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct.But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously. 4. "This is a big step forward," says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virgini
A、He says that since he published his theory, "it has been ignored rather than criticizeD、" 5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes. 6.But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs.And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different — to animals, if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。 7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain. 8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock. 9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. "The question is whether this is possible in the nose," says Stoneham’s colleague,Andrew HorsfielD、 10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, "I didn’t believe it".But, he adds, "because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right." Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters. 11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort. 12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible. 14. Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. "At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations," he says. "Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition."At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is. Question 10-11
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