【单选题】In the earliest stages of man’s development he had no more need of money than animals have. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters. It was then that the question of payment arose.
At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.
Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money. In some countries easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmer, instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain, gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food, he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later, pieces of metal, bearing values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces, or coins were used. Money as we know it had arrived.
练习1 Exchange of goods became difficult because _________.
A: man became more civilized
B: smiths began to look after land or cattle in their spare time
C: more and more goods which had no fixed exchange values came to the marker
D farmers hadn’t enough grain or meat to provide for skilled workers
2 Money was not used until _______.
A: paper was invented
B: people practiced a simple process of exchange
C: nothing could be offered in exchange
D: the exchange of one thing for another became too complicated
3 The best title for this passage is _____.
A: What is money
B: What are money’s functions.
C: The importance of money
D: The beginning of money
At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.
Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money. In some countries easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmer, instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain, gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food, he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later, pieces of metal, bearing values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces, or coins were used. Money as we know it had arrived.
练习1 Exchange of goods became difficult because _________.
A: man became more civilized
B: smiths began to look after land or cattle in their spare time
C: more and more goods which had no fixed exchange values came to the marker
D farmers hadn’t enough grain or meat to provide for skilled workers
2 Money was not used until _______.
A: paper was invented
B: people practiced a simple process of exchange
C: nothing could be offered in exchange
D: the exchange of one thing for another became too complicated
3 The best title for this passage is _____.
A: What is money
B: What are money’s functions.
C: The importance of money
D: The beginning of money
【分析解答题】Questions 22-27
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2
In boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE、 if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE、 if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
The rock under the ocean is a new one, compared with theEarth.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2
In boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE、 if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE、 if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
The rock under the ocean is a new one, compared with theEarth.
【分析解答题】NHS chief praises fall in waiting list timesThe National Health Service could hit its most politically sensitive target early, Sir NigelCrisp, the NHS chief executive, said on Friday.In his most bullish annual report since taking office four years ago, Sir Nigel said waiting times were falling faster and further than ever before, quality was improving and services were being redesigne
D、And productivity — hard though it is to measure — was improving, he sai
D、"Something big is happening within the NHS," Sir Nigel said, as the government reported that it had reached its target in March with only 48 patients waiting more than nine months for an operation.The maximum wait for an out-patient appointment is down to 17 weeks from 21 weeks a year ago. Just over 40,000 are now waiting over 13 weeks for an appointment against 400,000 in March 2000. The service has also reduced by almost 60,000 the number of people waiting between six and nine months for in-patient procedures.The reduction seems to suggest that genuine changes are taking place in the way the NHS is organising services to make them more efficient — rather than simply achieving the shorter maximum waits by "tail-gunning" the end of the waiting list.What is as yet missing is robust data to show that average waits are also starting to fall significantly."Not only are we hitting all of our targets in order to speed up patient care, but by reforming the way we work we are also improving the quality of patients care," Sir Nigel sai
D、"The NHS is using the extra funding" — an extra ￡6bn. last year — "to good effect, with major improvements in quality and quantity".With extra capacity in treatment centres due to start coming online it was possible that the NHS would hit the target of having no-one wait for more than six months, once on a waiting list, ahead ofDecember next year. Although the figures are not as robust as those used to measure hospital activity, Sir Nigel said it was clear more treatment was being provided outside hospitals, in a quicker and more convenient way for patients. Evidence for that includes the number of patients referred to hospital by GPs remaining almost flat last year while a ￡21 million increase in the bill for modern drugs to counter heart failure has brought an estimated reduction of 20,000 hospital admissions.With a big government review under way on how to measure productivity in the public services, Sir Nigel said the NHS still lacked "an adequate way of measuring overall productivity", but indicated there were clear improvements in the productivity of individual services. In March, how many patients waited more than nine months for an operation
D、And productivity — hard though it is to measure — was improving, he sai
D、"Something big is happening within the NHS," Sir Nigel said, as the government reported that it had reached its target in March with only 48 patients waiting more than nine months for an operation.The maximum wait for an out-patient appointment is down to 17 weeks from 21 weeks a year ago. Just over 40,000 are now waiting over 13 weeks for an appointment against 400,000 in March 2000. The service has also reduced by almost 60,000 the number of people waiting between six and nine months for in-patient procedures.The reduction seems to suggest that genuine changes are taking place in the way the NHS is organising services to make them more efficient — rather than simply achieving the shorter maximum waits by "tail-gunning" the end of the waiting list.What is as yet missing is robust data to show that average waits are also starting to fall significantly."Not only are we hitting all of our targets in order to speed up patient care, but by reforming the way we work we are also improving the quality of patients care," Sir Nigel sai
D、"The NHS is using the extra funding" — an extra ￡6bn. last year — "to good effect, with major improvements in quality and quantity".With extra capacity in treatment centres due to start coming online it was possible that the NHS would hit the target of having no-one wait for more than six months, once on a waiting list, ahead ofDecember next year. Although the figures are not as robust as those used to measure hospital activity, Sir Nigel said it was clear more treatment was being provided outside hospitals, in a quicker and more convenient way for patients. Evidence for that includes the number of patients referred to hospital by GPs remaining almost flat last year while a ￡21 million increase in the bill for modern drugs to counter heart failure has brought an estimated reduction of 20,000 hospital admissions.With a big government review under way on how to measure productivity in the public services, Sir Nigel said the NHS still lacked "an adequate way of measuring overall productivity", but indicated there were clear improvements in the productivity of individual services. In March, how many patients waited more than nine months for an operation
【单选题】ChoosE thE CorrECt lEttEr FromA-
D、AnD writE it in BoxEs on yourAnswEr shEEt.
thE ECo-tourism mArkEt
A、is morE likEly to impACt on nAturAl hABitAts.
B、is likEly to rEstriCt mArkEting oF unEthiCAl tour opErAtors.
C、is morE likEly to rEpAtriAtE proFits From loCAl CommunitiEs.
D、is likEly to BE morE sustAinABlE thAn mAss tourism.
D、AnD writE it in BoxEs on yourAnswEr shEEt.
thE ECo-tourism mArkEt
A、is morE likEly to impACt on nAturAl hABitAts.
B、is likEly to rEstriCt mArkEting oF unEthiCAl tour opErAtors.
C、is morE likEly to rEpAtriAtE proFits From loCAl CommunitiEs.
D、is likEly to BE morE sustAinABlE thAn mAss tourism.
【分析解答题】
{{B}}quEstions 31-35{{/B}}
ComplEtE thE Following sEntEnCEs using {{B}}no morE、thAn two worDs{{/B}} For EACh gAp.
pEoplE without ______ or ExtEnsivE EDuCAtion CAn ExpECt to CovEr thEir own Costs.
{{B}}quEstions 31-35{{/B}}
ComplEtE thE Following sEntEnCEs using {{B}}no morE、thAn two worDs{{/B}} For EACh gAp.
pEoplE without ______ or ExtEnsivE EDuCAtion CAn ExpECt to CovEr thEir own Costs.
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