雅思考试

【分析解答题】Rights to remember NEW HN,CONNECTICUTOne element of this doctrine is what I call "Achilles and his heel". September 11th brought uponAmerica, as once uponAchilles, a schizophrenic sense of both exceptional power and exceptional vulnerability. Never has a superpower seemed so powerful and so vulnerable at the same time. TheBush doctrine asked: "How can we use our superpower resources to protect our vulnerability "The administration has also radically shifted its emphasis on human rights. In 1941, FranklinDelano Roosevelt called the allies to arms by painting a vision of the world we were trying to make: a post-war world of four fundamental freedoms: freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, freedom from fear.This framework foreshadowed the post-war human-rights construct-embedded in the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights and subsequent international covenants that emphasised comprehensive protection of civil and political rights (freedom of speech and religion), economic, social and cultural rights (freedom from want), and freedom from gross violations and persecution (the RefugeeConvention, the GenocideConvention and the TortureConvention).ButBush administration officials have now reprioritised "freedom from fear" as the number-one freedom we need to preserve. Freedom from fear has become the obsessive watchword ofAmerica’’s human-rights policy.Witness five faces of a human-rights policy fixated on freedom from fear.
A、 Two core tenets of a post-Watergate world had been that our government does not spy on its citizens, and thatAmerican citizens should see what our government is doing.But since September 11th, classification of government documents has risen to new heights.The PatriotAct, passed almost without dissent after September 11th, authorises theDefenceDepartment to develop a project to promote something called "total information awareness". Under this programme, the government may gather huge amounts of information about citizens without proving they have done anything wrong. They can access a citizen’’s records-whether telephone, financial, rental, internet, medical, educational or library-without showing any involvement with terrorism. Internet service providers may be forced to produce records based solely on FBI declarations that the information is for an anti-terrorism investigation.Many absurdities follow: the LawyersCommittee for Human Rights, in a study published in September, reports that 20American peace activists, including nuns and high-school students, were recently flagged as security threats and detained for saying that they were travelling to a rally to protest against military aid toColombi
A、The entire high-school wrestling team of Juneau,Alaska, was held up at airports seven times just because one member was the son of a retiredCoast Guard officer on the FBI watch-list.
B、After September 11th, 1,200 immigrants were detained, more than 750 on charges based solely on civil immigration violations. The JusticeDepartment’’s own inspector — general called the attorney — general’’s enforcement of immigration laws "indiscriminate and haphazard". The Immigration and Naturalisation Service, which formerly had a mandate for humanitarian relief as well as for border protection, has been converted into an arm of theDepartment of Homeland Security.The impact on particular groups has been devastating. The number of refugees resettled inAmerica declined from 90,000 a year before September 11th to less than a third that number, 27,000, this year. The Pakistani population ofAtlanticCounty, New Jersey has fallen by half. C、 Some 660 prisoners from 42 countries are being held in GuantanamoBay, some for nearly two years. Three children are apparently being detained, including a 13-year-old, several of the detainees are aged over 70, and one claims to be over 100.Courtrooms are being b

【分析解答题】People were being poisoned by__________

【分析解答题】NHS chief praises fall in waiting list timesThe National Health Service could hit its most politically sensitive target early, Sir NigelCrisp, the NHS chief executive, said on Friday.In his most bullish annual report since taking office four years ago, Sir Nigel said waiting times were falling faster and further than ever before, quality was improving and services were being redesigne
D、And productivity — hard though it is to measure — was improving, he sai
D、"Something big is happening within the NHS," Sir Nigel said, as the government reported that it had reached its target in March with only 48 patients waiting more than nine months for an operation.The maximum wait for an out-patient appointment is down to 17 weeks from 21 weeks a year ago. Just over 40,000 are now waiting over 13 weeks for an appointment against 400,000 in March 2000. The service has also reduced by almost 60,000 the number of people waiting between six and nine months for in-patient procedures.The reduction seems to suggest that genuine changes are taking place in the way the NHS is organising services to make them more efficient — rather than simply achieving the shorter maximum waits by "tail-gunning" the end of the waiting list.What is as yet missing is robust data to show that average waits are also starting to fall significantly."Not only are we hitting all of our targets in order to speed up patient care, but by reforming the way we work we are also improving the quality of patients care," Sir Nigel sai
D、"The NHS is using the extra funding" — an extra ￡6bn. last year — "to good effect, with major improvements in quality and quantity".With extra capacity in treatment centres due to start coming online it was possible that the NHS would hit the target of having no-one wait for more than six months, once on a waiting list, ahead ofDecember next year. Although the figures are not as robust as those used to measure hospital activity, Sir Nigel said it was clear more treatment was being provided outside hospitals, in a quicker and more convenient way for patients. Evidence for that includes the number of patients referred to hospital by GPs remaining almost flat last year while a ￡21 million increase in the bill for modern drugs to counter heart failure has brought an estimated reduction of 20,000 hospital admissions.With a big government review under way on how to measure productivity in the public services, Sir Nigel said the NHS still lacked "an adequate way of measuring overall productivity", but indicated there were clear improvements in the productivity of individual services.

【分析解答题】
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【单选题】Choose the correct lettersA-C、 Which was NOT mentioned as a necessary reason for citing
A、acknowledging other people’s work
B、acknowledging the source of your work
C、for correct information

【单选题】What is the advanced exercise class like
A、It is very easy.
B．It can rest between exercises.
C．It is nonstop.

【分析解答题】Thigh, robotPeople who have suffered debilitating strokes often have to cope with impaired muscles that do not work properly.Even a simple act such as standing up from a chair and walking a few steps can become extremely difficult. Stroke victims often have to rely on wheelchairs, sticks, walking frames and other "orthotic" devices to move about. But a new generation of active orthotic devices, capable of augmenting or replacing lost muscle function, is in the works. These devices use an assortment of complex computer and mechanical technology, borrowed from the field of robotics, to help patients get arounD、They are being made possible by the falling prices and improving performance of sensors, computer control systems and battery technology. As well as benefiting elderly patients with permanent paralysis or muscle dysfunction, such devices could also help people in recovering from "arthroscopic" (literally, "looking within the joint") operations.Around 850,000 arthroscopic and knee replacement operations are carried out each year inAmerica alone, and patients require an average of six weeks of rehabilitation before they are fully mobile again.Active orthotic devices could get them back on their feet sooner. Designing such devices presents a number of challenges. The biggest problem is providing enough power to assist the wearer, without making the device too bulky and heavy.Another challenge is devising a responsive and unobtrusive control system that can take readings from several sensors and automatically respond to the wearer’’s motion by making appropriate movements.Several start-ups are, however, rising to the challenge and readying products for market.Among the firms developing active orthotic devices is Tibion, based in Moffett Field,Californi
A、It has developed the PowerKnee, a medical device that augments muscle strength in the quadriceps to help the wearer stand, walk and climb stairs.The device is based on recent advances in portable computing, embedded systems, prosthetics and materials, and Tibion expects it to be submitted for regulatory approval next year.America’’s space agency, NASA, has expressed interest in it, since muscle—augmentation systems might enable astronauts to work in space for longer without getting tireD、Another company working in this area is Yobotics, based inBoston, Massachusetts, which has developed a powered device called the RoboKnee. It allows a healthy wearer to perform deep knee — bends indefinitely — or, at least, until the batteries run out. This is intended to be a first step towards the development of a far more elaborate exoskeleton device, the RoboWalker, which will augment or replace the muscular functions of the lower body. Also working on active orthotic devices is Hugh Herr of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). His team has designed an ankle brace to assist people with "drop foot", who are unable to lift their feet normally when walking, because of weakened or damaged muscles around the ankle. The battery-powered device, which uses a motor to help raise and lower the front of the foot as the heel strikes the ground and lifts again, is about to begin testing on patients. Also at MIT, Woodie Flowers, a mechanical engineer, is developing an active joint brace that is designed to function like an active exoskeleton. Perhaps the best-known example of such a device is the exoskeleton seen in the film "Aliens", which allows the wearer to move heavy objects around, rather like a fork-lift truck. This kind of technology may not, it seems, remain in the realm of science fiction for much longer.

【分析解答题】Discussion topic:
{{B}}TV{{/B}}
{{I}}Example questions:{{/I}}
· How much do you think that TV influences our lives
·Do you think that children watch too much TV
·Do you think that there is too much advertising on TV
· Is there too much violence on TV in your country
·Are many foreign TV programmes shown in your country

【单选题】thigh, roBotpEoplE who hAvE suFFErED DEBilitAting strokEs oFtEn hAvE to CopE with impAirED musClEs thAt Do not work propErly.EvEn A simplE ACt suCh As stAnDing up From A ChAir AnD wAlking A FEw stEps CAn BEComE ExtrEmEly DiFFiCult. strokE viCtims oFtEn hAvE to rEly on whEElChAirs, stiCks, wAlking FrAmEs AnD othEr "orthotiC" DEviCEs to movE ABout. But A nEw gEnErAtion oF ACtivE orthotiC DEviCEs, CApABlE oF AugmEnting or rEplACing lost musClE FunCtion, is in thE works. thEsE DEviCEs usE An AssortmEnt oF ComplEx ComputEr AnD mEChAniCAl tEChnology, BorrowED From thE FiElD oF roBotiCs, to hElp pAtiEnts gEt ArounD、thEy ArE BEing mADE possiBlE By thE FAlling priCEs AnD improving pErFormAnCE oF sEnsors, ComputEr Control systEms AnD BAttEry tEChnology. As wEll As BEnEFiting ElDErly pAtiEnts with pErmAnEnt pArAlysis or musClE DysFunCtion, suCh DEviCEs CoulD Also hElp pEoplE in rECovEring From "ArthrosCopiC" (litErAlly, "looking within thE joint") opErAtions.ArounD 850,000 ArthrosCopiC AnD knEE rEplACEmEnt opErAtions ArE CArriED out EACh yEAr inAmEriCA AlonE, AnD pAtiEnts rEquirE An AvErAgE oF six wEEks oF rEhABilitAtion BEForE thEy ArE Fully moBilE AgAin.ACtivE orthotiC DEviCEs CoulD gEt thEm BACk on thEir FEEt soonEr. DEsigning suCh DEviCEs prEsEnts A numBEr oF ChAllEngEs. thE BiggEst proBlEm is proviDing Enough powEr to Assist thE wEArEr, without mAking thE DEviCE too Bulky AnD hEAvy.AnothEr ChAllEngE is DEvising A rEsponsivE AnD unoBtrusivE Control systEm thAt CAn tAkE rEADings From sEvErAl sEnsors AnD AutomAtiCAlly rEsponD to thE wEArEr’’s motion By mAking AppropriAtE movEmEnts.sEvErAl stArt-ups ArE, howEvEr, rising to thE ChAllEngE AnD rEADying proDuCts For mArkEt.Among thE Firms DEvEloping ACtivE orthotiC DEviCEs is tiBion, BAsED in moFFEtt FiElD,CAliForni
A、it hAs DEvElopED thE powErknEE, A mEDiCAl DEviCE thAt AugmEnts musClE strEngth in thE quADriCEps to hElp thE wEArEr stAnD, wAlk AnD ClimB stAirs.thE DEviCE is BAsED on rECEnt ADvAnCEs in portABlE Computing, EmBEDDED systEms, prosthEtiCs AnD mAtEriAls, AnD tiBion ExpECts it to BE suBmittED For rEgulAtory ApprovAl nExt yEAr.AmEriCA’’s spACE AgEnCy, nAsA, hAs ExprEssED intErEst in it, sinCE musClE—AugmEntAtion systEms might EnABlE AstronAuts to work in spACE For longEr without gEtting tirED、AnothEr CompAny working in this ArEA is yoBotiCs, BAsED inBoston, mAssAChusEtts, whiCh hAs DEvElopED A powErED DEviCE CAllED thE roBoknEE. it Allows A hEAlthy wEArEr to pErForm DEEp knEE — BEnDs inDEFinitEly — or, At lEAst, until thE BAttEriEs run out. this is intEnDED to BE A First stEp towArDs thE DEvElopmEnt oF A FAr morE ElABorAtE ExoskElEton DEviCE, thE roBowAlkEr, whiCh will AugmEnt or rEplACE thE musCulAr FunCtions oF thE lowEr BoDy. Also working on ACtivE orthotiC DEviCEs is hugh hErr oF thE mAssAChusEtts institutE oF tEChnology (mit). his tEAm hAs DEsignED An AnklE BrACE to Assist pEoplE with "Drop Foot", who ArE unABlE to liFt thEir FEEt normAlly whEn wAlking, BECAusE oF wEAkEnED or DAmAgED musClEs ArounD thE AnklE. thE BAttEry-powErED DEviCE, whiCh usEs A motor to hElp rAisE AnD lowEr thE Front oF thE Foot As thE hEEl strikEs thE grounD AnD liFts AgAin, is ABout to BEgin tEsting on pAtiEnts. Also At mit, wooDiE FlowErs, A mEChAniCAl EnginEEr, is DEvEloping An ACtivE joint BrACE thAt is DEsignED to FunCtion likE An ACtivE ExoskElEton. pErhAps thE BEst-known ExAmplE oF suCh A DEviCE is thE ExoskElEton sEEn in thE Film "AliEns", whiCh Allows thE wEArEr to movE hEAvy oBjECts ArounD, rAthEr likE A Fork-liFt truCk. this kinD oF tEChnology mAy not, it sEEms, rEmAin in thE rEAlm oF sCiEnCE FiCtion For muCh longEr.
A、truE
B．FAlsE
C、not givEn