雅思考试

【单选题】
{{B}}quEstions 31-33{{/B}}

whiCh piE ChArt shows thE mAin rEAsonsAsiAn stuDEnts wAntED to stuDy ABroAD

【单选题】usE、oF univErsity grounDsBy vEhiCulAr trAFFi
C、 thE univErsity grounDs ArE privAtE.thE univErsity AuthoritiEs only Allow AuthorizED mEmBErs oF thE univErsity, visitors AnD DrivErs oF vEhiClEs sErviCing thE univErsity to EntEr thE grounDs.mEmBErs oF stAFF who hAvE pAiD thE rEquisitE FEE AnD DisplAy thE AppropriAtE pErmit mAy Bring A vEhiClE into thE grounDs.
A、univErsity pErmit DoEs not EntitlE thEm to pArk in hAll CAr pArks howEvEr, unlEss AuthorizED By thE wArDEn oF thE hAll ConCErnED、stuDEnts mAy not Bring vEhiClEs into thE grounDs During thE working DAy unlEss thEy hAvE BEEn givEn spECiAl pErmission By thE sECurity oFFiCEr AnD hAvE pAiD For AnD ArE DisplAying An AppropriAtE Entry pErmit. stuDEnts living in hAlls oF rEsiDEnCE must oBtAin pErmission From thE wArDEn to kEEp A motor vEhiClE At thEir rEsiDEnCE.stuDEnts ArE rEminDED thAt iF thEy pArk A motor vEhiClE on univErsity prEmisEs without A vAliD pErmit, thEy will BE FinED ￡20. pArking in hAlls oF rEsiDEnCE is hAnDlED By thE wArDEns oF thE hAlls.
A、truE
B．FAlsE
C、not givEn

【分析解答题】People were being poisoned by__________

【分析解答题】The road to invention Big companies have a big problem with innovation. This was most vividly described byClaytonChristensen, a HarvardBusiness School professor, in his book, "The Innovator’’sDilemma" (HarvardBusiness School Press, 1997). Few conversations about innovation take place without reference to this influential work.The OxfordEnglishDictionary defines innovation as "making changes to something established". Invention, by contrast, is the act of "coming upon or finding: discovery". Whereas inventors stumble across or make new things, "innovators try to change the status quo," saysBhaskarChakravorti of the Monitor Group, another consulting firm, "which is why markets resist them. " Innovations frequently disrupt the way that companies do things (and may have been doing them for years).It is not just markets that resist innovation. Michael Hammer, co-author of another important business book ("Re-engineering theCorporation", HarperCollins) quotes the example of a PC-maker that set out to imitateDell’’s famous "Build-to-Order" system of computer assembly. The company found that its attempts were frustrated not just by its head of manufacturing, who feared it would lead to most of his demesne, including his job, being outsourced, but also by the head of marketing, who did not want to upset his existing retail outlets. So the innovative proposal got nowhere.Dell continued to dominate the business.Mr.Christensen described how "disruptive innovation" — simpler, cheaper and more convenient products that seriously upset the status quo — can herald the rapid downfall of well-established and successful businesses. This, he argues, is because most organizations are designed to grow through "sustaining innovations"-the sort, like Gillette’’s vibrating razor, that do no more than improve on existing products for existing markets.When they are hit by a disruptive innovation — as IBM was by the invention of the personal computer and as numerous national airlines have been by low-cost carriers — they are in danger of being blasted out of their market. This message found a ready audience, coming as it did just as giant businesses from banking to retailing, and from insurance to auction houses, were being told that some as-yet-unformed dotcom was about to knock them off their pedestal.

【分析解答题】
ACCorDing to thE tExt, FivE、oF thE Following stAtEmEnts ArE truE. writE thE CorrEsponDing lEttErs in AnswEr BoxEs 18 to 22 in Any orDEr.
A、thE prEsEnCE oF mrsA、inBritish hospitAls ContriButED to An ElECtion BEing hElD、
B、s.AurEus likEs living up pEoplE’s nosEs.
C、mEthiCillin is inEFFECtivE AgAinst mrsA、
D、only A FEw AntiBiotiCs ArE ExpEnsivE.
E、proDuCing AntiBiotiCs is not vEry proFitABlE.
F. vACCinEs hElp rEDuCE thE Amount oF AntiBiotiCs nEEDED to Fight supErBugs.
g.CArDiAC surgEry grEAtly inCrEAsEs thE risk oF gEtting mrsA、
h. rEsponsE rAtEs to vACCinEs oFtEn DEpEnD on whAt is wrong with thE pAtiEnt.

【单选题】thigh, roBotpEoplE who hAvE suFFErED DEBilitAting strokEs oFtEn hAvE to CopE with impAirED musClEs thAt Do not work propErly.EvEn A simplE ACt suCh As stAnDing up From A ChAir AnD wAlking A FEw stEps CAn BEComE ExtrEmEly DiFFiCult. strokE viCtims oFtEn hAvE to rEly on whEElChAirs, stiCks, wAlking FrAmEs AnD othEr "orthotiC" DEviCEs to movE ABout. But A nEw gEnErAtion oF ACtivE orthotiC DEviCEs, CApABlE oF AugmEnting or rEplACing lost musClE FunCtion, is in thE works. thEsE DEviCEs usE An AssortmEnt oF ComplEx ComputEr AnD mEChAniCAl tEChnology, BorrowED From thE FiElD oF roBotiCs, to hElp pAtiEnts gEt ArounD、thEy ArE BEing mADE possiBlE By thE FAlling priCEs AnD improving pErFormAnCE oF sEnsors, ComputEr Control systEms AnD BAttEry tEChnology. As wEll As BEnEFiting ElDErly pAtiEnts with pErmAnEnt pArAlysis or musClE DysFunCtion, suCh DEviCEs CoulD Also hElp pEoplE in rECovEring From "ArthrosCopiC" (litErAlly, "looking within thE joint") opErAtions.ArounD 850,000 ArthrosCopiC AnD knEE rEplACEmEnt opErAtions ArE CArriED out EACh yEAr inAmEriCA AlonE, AnD pAtiEnts rEquirE An AvErAgE oF six wEEks oF rEhABilitAtion BEForE thEy ArE Fully moBilE AgAin.ACtivE orthotiC DEviCEs CoulD gEt thEm BACk on thEir FEEt soonEr. DEsigning suCh DEviCEs prEsEnts A numBEr oF ChAllEngEs. thE BiggEst proBlEm is proviDing Enough powEr to Assist thE wEArEr, without mAking thE DEviCE too Bulky AnD hEAvy.AnothEr ChAllEngE is DEvising A rEsponsivE AnD unoBtrusivE Control systEm thAt CAn tAkE rEADings From sEvErAl sEnsors AnD AutomAtiCAlly rEsponD to thE wEArEr’’s motion By mAking AppropriAtE movEmEnts.sEvErAl stArt-ups ArE, howEvEr, rising to thE ChAllEngE AnD rEADying proDuCts For mArkEt.Among thE Firms DEvEloping ACtivE orthotiC DEviCEs is tiBion, BAsED in moFFEtt FiElD,CAliForni
A、it hAs DEvElopED thE powErknEE, A mEDiCAl DEviCE thAt AugmEnts musClE strEngth in thE quADriCEps to hElp thE wEArEr stAnD, wAlk AnD ClimB stAirs.thE DEviCE is BAsED on rECEnt ADvAnCEs in portABlE Computing, EmBEDDED systEms, prosthEtiCs AnD mAtEriAls, AnD tiBion ExpECts it to BE suBmittED For rEgulAtory ApprovAl nExt yEAr.AmEriCA’’s spACE AgEnCy, nAsA, hAs ExprEssED intErEst in it, sinCE musClE—AugmEntAtion systEms might EnABlE AstronAuts to work in spACE For longEr without gEtting tirED、AnothEr CompAny working in this ArEA is yoBotiCs, BAsED inBoston, mAssAChusEtts, whiCh hAs DEvElopED A powErED DEviCE CAllED thE roBoknEE. it Allows A hEAlthy wEArEr to pErForm DEEp knEE — BEnDs inDEFinitEly — or, At lEAst, until thE BAttEriEs run out. this is intEnDED to BE A First stEp towArDs thE DEvElopmEnt oF A FAr morE ElABorAtE ExoskElEton DEviCE, thE roBowAlkEr, whiCh will AugmEnt or rEplACE thE musCulAr FunCtions oF thE lowEr BoDy. Also working on ACtivE orthotiC DEviCEs is hugh hErr oF thE mAssAChusEtts institutE oF tEChnology (mit). his tEAm hAs DEsignED An AnklE BrACE to Assist pEoplE with "Drop Foot", who ArE unABlE to liFt thEir FEEt normAlly whEn wAlking, BECAusE oF wEAkEnED or DAmAgED musClEs ArounD thE AnklE. thE BAttEry-powErED DEviCE, whiCh usEs A motor to hElp rAisE AnD lowEr thE Front oF thE Foot As thE hEEl strikEs thE grounD AnD liFts AgAin, is ABout to BEgin tEsting on pAtiEnts. Also At mit, wooDiE FlowErs, A mEChAniCAl EnginEEr, is DEvEloping An ACtivE joint BrACE thAt is DEsignED to FunCtion likE An ACtivE ExoskElEton. pErhAps thE BEst-known ExAmplE oF suCh A DEviCE is thE ExoskElEton sEEn in thE Film "AliEns", whiCh Allows thE wEArEr to movE hEAvy oBjECts ArounD, rAthEr likE A Fork-liFt truCk. this kinD oF tEChnology mAy not, it sEEms, rEmAin in thE rEAlm oF sCiEnCE FiCtion For muCh longEr.
A、truE
B．FAlsE
C、not givEn