| 公共英语考试PETS四级易错题（2018/10/31） |
| 第1题：a report consistently brought back by visitors to the us is how friendly, courteous and helpful most americans were to them. to be fair, this observation is also frequently made of canada and canadians, and should best be considered north american. there are, of course, exceptions. small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the us. yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. for a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside worlD、 the harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. it was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. it reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who woulD、 and someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the us, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "i was just traveling through, got talking with this american, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing." such observations reported by visitors to the us are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. the casual friendliness of many americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. as is true of any developed society, in america a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. and, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. for example, when an american uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. it takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. yet, being friendly is a virtue that many americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. 46、in the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________. A、 rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the us B、 small-minded officials deserve a serious comment C、 canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors D、 most americans are ready to offer help 47、it could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________. A、 culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship B、 courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated C、 various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends D、 social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions 48、families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________. A、 to improve their hard life B、 in view of their long-distance travel C、 to add some flavor to their own daily life D、 out of a charitable impulse 49、the tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________. A、 tends to be superficial and artificial B、 is generally well kept up in the united states C、 is always understood properly D、 has something to do with the busy tourist trails 50、what's the author's attitudes toward the american's friendliness? A、 favorable. B、 unfavorable. C、 indifferent. D、 neutral. |
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| 第2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21题：Grandma Moses is among the most celebreted twentieth-century painters of the United States,yet she __1_ painting before she was in her late seventies.As she once spoken __2_ herself:" I would never sit back in a rocking chair,__3_ for some to help me."No one could have a __4_ old age. She was born Anna Mary Robertson _5__ a farm in New York State,one of five boys and girls.("We came in bunches,_6__ radishes.") At twelve she left home and was __7_ domestic service until ,at twnety-seven,she _8__ Thomas Moses,one of the hired hands of her employers.They farms most of their _9__,first in Virginia and then in New York State,_10__ Eagle Bridge.She had ten children,of _11__ five survived; her husband died in 1927. Grandma Moses _12__ a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a _13__, but only switched to oil in old age because her hands become too stiff __14_, and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time.Her _15__ were first sold at the local drugstore and at a fair, and were soon _16__ by a dealer who bought everything _17__ she painted.Three of the pictures were exhibition in the museum of Modern Art,and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York .__18_ the 1930s and her death she produced some 2000 pictures;detailed and lively portrayals of the _19__ life she had known for so long ,with a marvellous _20__ of color and form." I think real hard till think of something real pretty,and then I pain it."she said. 1) A barely startedt B was barely strated C had barely started D barely start 2) A about B of C on D over 3) A waiting B to waiting C and writing D am writing 4) A very productive B productive C most productive D more productive 5) A in B at C on D about 6) A unlike B like C likely D unlikely 7) A for B in C at D under 8) A married with B married to C marry D married 9) A life B live C lives D lifes 10) A in B at C under D on 11) A whom B which C that D who 12) A worked B read C studied D painted 13) A job B fun C hobby D interest 14) A sewing B to sew C to sewing D to be sewing 15) A books B pictures C arts D clothes 16) A spotted B recognized C damaged D featured 17) A which B who C whom D that 18) A for B in C during D between 19) A urban B town C rural D suburban 20) A feeling B sense C consciousness D feature |
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| 第22、23、24、25、26题：A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. 46、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________. A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US B. small-minded officials deserve a serious comment C. Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors D. most Americans are ready to offer help 47、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________. A. culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship B. courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated C. various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends D. social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions 48、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________. A. to improve their hard life B. in view of their long-distance travel C. to add some flavor to their own daily life D. out of a charitable impulse 49、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________. A. tends to be superficial and artificial B. is generally well kept up in the united States C. is always understood properly D. has something to do with the busy tourist trails 50、What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness? A. Favorable. B. Unfavorable. C. Indifferent. D. Neutral. |
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| 第27题：(61)While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.Caught in the web of its own time and place，each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past.In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered;it is also frequently partial or partisan.The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy，the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past.(62)Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. (63)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians，especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of“tunnel method，”frequently fall victim to the“technicist fallacy.”(64)Also common in the natural sciences，the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. (65)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. |
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| 第28、29、30、31、32题： I remember the way the light touched her hair. She turned her head, and our eyes met, a momentary awareness in that raucous fifth grade classroom. I felt as though I’d been struck a blow under the heart. Thus began my first love affair. Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. Does anyone, anymore, linger in the shadows of evening, drawn by the pale light of a window—her window—like some hapless summer insect? That delirious swooning, asexual but urgent and obsessive, that made me awkward and my voice crack, is like some impossible dream now. I would catch sight of her, walking down an aisle of trees to or from school, and I’d become paralyzed. She always seemed so poised, so self-possessed. At home, I’d relive each encounter, writhing at the thought of my inadequacies. We eventually got acquainted and socialized as we entered our adolescence, she knew I had a case on her, and I sensed her affectionate tolerance for me. "Going steady" implied a maturity we still lacked. Her Orthodox Jewish upbringing and my own Catholic scruples imposed an inhibited grace that made even kissing a distant prospect, however fervently desired. I managed to hold her once at a dance—chaperoned, of course. Our embrace made her giggle, a sound so trusting that I hated myself for what I’d been thinking. At any rate, my love for Rachel remained unrequited. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army. When World War II engulfed us, I was sent overseas. For a time we corresponded, and her letters were the highlight of those grinding endless years. Once she sent me a snapshot of herself in a bathing suit, which drove me to the wildest of fantasies. I mentioned the possibility of marriage in my nest letter, and almost immediately her replies became less frequent, less personal. Her Dear John letter finally caught up with me while I was awaiting discharge. She gently explained the impossibility of a marriage between us. Looking back on it, I must have recovered rather quickly, although for the first few months I believed I didn’t want to live. Like Rachel, I found someone else, whom I learned to love with a deep and permanent commitment that has lasted to this day. 56、According to the passage, how old was the author when his first love affair began? A. Before he entered his teens. B. In his early teens. C. In his middle teens. D. When he was just out of his teens. 57、How did the author behave as a boy in love? A. His first love motivated him toward hard study. B. His first love evoked sentimental memories. C. He was overpowered by wild excitement and passion. D. He fulfilled his expectations and desires. 58、According to the passage, what held them back from a loving kiss? A. Her Jewish origin did not allow it. B. His Catholic adherence forbade it. C. They were not sure whether it was proper or ethical to kiss in line with their religious decorum. D. Kissing was found to be inelegant or even distasteful. 59、According to the passage, what was Rachel’s response to the author’s tender affection before the war? A. She recognized and accepted his love affectionately. B. She thwarted his affection by flatly turning him down. C. She fondly permitted him to adore her without losing her own heart to him. D. She didn’t care for him at all and only took delight in playing with his feelings. 60、Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage? A. Statement and example. B. Cause and effect. C. Order of importance. D. Linear description. |
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