公共英语习题练习

公共英语考试PETS四级易错题（2019/1/19）

第1题：(61)While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.Caught in the web of its own time and place，each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past.In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered;it is also frequently partial or partisan.The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy，the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past.(62)Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.
During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.
(63)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians，especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of“tunnel method，”frequently fall victim to the“technicist fallacy.”(64)Also common in the natural sciences，the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
(65)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

【分析题】：

第22题：no one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. uniforms are demeaning to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole. the individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. there are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a large, more important concept. what could be more important than the individual oneself? if an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, eliminates all envy and competition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? it is only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, eat the same type of fooD、 when this happens, all incentive to improve one's life is removeD、 why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? uniforms also hurt the economy. right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing. if everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. salespersons would be superfluous as well: why bother to sell the only items that are available? the wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. our entire information and entertainment industries would founder.
41、the author's viewpoint on uniforms can best be described as __________.
A、 practical
B、 hysterical
C、 radical
D、 critical
42、judged from its style, this passage might be found in __________.
A、 a children's comics book
B、 an editorial in a paper
C、 a sociology textbook
D、 a political platform
43、it can be inferred that the author believes that __________.
A、 individuals have no self-worth when they become part of an organization
B、 individuals are more important than organizations
C、 individuals are not so important as organizations
D、 individuals are the same important as organizations
44、the author brings in the example of a parent striving to make life better for his children to make the point that __________.
A、 parents have responsibilities for their children
B、 uniforms would be less expensive than clothing for children
C、 uniforms cause dissension between parents and children
D、 individual motivation would be destroyed by uniforms
45、the last word of the passage "founder" probably means __________.
A、 collapse
B、 shrink
C、 disappear
D、 establish

【分析题】：

第23题：today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. however, nearly all require some break in one's career in order to attend school full time. part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one's career and family time. of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning. distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals, which are so necessary in today's worlD、 the time required to study many be set aside at the student's convenience with due regard to all life's other requirements. additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the internet. good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. this precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test. another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the equivalence of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. the resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employeD、 the individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance-learning program. in the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.
51、according to the passage, which of the following is not a disadvantage of part-time education?
A、 it requires some break in one's career.
B、 it tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.
C、 it affects one's career.
D、 it gives the student less time to share with the family.
52、which of the following is not an advantage of distance learning?
A、 the students may choose his or her own pace.
B、 the students may study at any time to his or her convenience.
C、 they can pursue their chosen career while studying.
D、 their tutorial assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, etC、
53、what benefit will distance-learning program bring to a business?
A、 recruitment of more talented people.
B、 good image of the business.
C、 better cooperation with universities.
D、 further training of employees and business growth.
54、what benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business?
A、 professional growth.
B、 good relationship with the employer.
C、 good impression on the employer.
D、 higher salary.
55、which is not the characteristic of distance learning?
A、 it includes a subject evaluation tool with every subject.
B、 its course uses the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus.
C、 a distance-learning program has a place only for students.
D、 the relationship of the professor/student is characterized by individuality.

【分析题】：

第24题：　Section III Reading Comprehension(45 points) 翻译
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
That low moaning sound in the background just might be the Founding Fathers protesting from beyond the grave. They have been doing it ever since the Republicans announced a "religious war" in the name of "traditional values". It grew several decibels louder last week when George Bush, at a breakfast of religious leaders, attacked the Democrats for failing to mention God in their doctrines and declaimed that a President needs to believe in the Almighty. What about the constitutional ban on "religious tests". for public office? The Founding Fathers would want to know. (61) What about Tom Jefferson’s conviction that it is possible for a nonbeliever to be a moral person, "find incitements to virtue in the comfort and pleasantness you feel in its exercise"? Even George Washington must shudder in his sleep to hear the constant emphasis on "Judeo-Christian values". (62) It was he who wrote, "We have abundant reason to rejoice that in this Land … every person may here worship God according to the dictates of his own heart."
George Bush should know better than to encourage the theocratic ambitions of the Christian right. (63) He has claimed -- to much ironic scorn -- that when he was shot down during World War II and lay floating in the Pacific for four hours, he meditated on "God and faith and the separation of church and state". But there could be no better themes for a patriot to address in his final moments. (64) The "wall of separation" the Founding Fathers built between church and state is one of the best defenses freedom has ever had. Or have we already forgotten why the Founding fathers put it up? They had seen enough religious intolerance in the colonies: Quaker women were burned at the stake in Puritan Massachusetts; Virginians could be jailed for denying the Bible’s authority. They knew Europe had terribly disfigured itself in a religious war recalled now only by its duration -- 30 years. (65) No wonder John Adams once described the Judeo-Christian tradition as "the most bloody religion that ever existed," and that the Founding fathers took such pains to keep the hand that holds the musket separate from the one that carries the cross.

【分析题】：

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