| 公共英语考试PETS四级易错题（2019/8/14） |
| 第1、2、3、4、5题：No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demeaning to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a large, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual oneself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, eliminates all envy and competition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, eat the same type of food. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Salespersons would be superfluous as well: why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. Our entire information and entertainment industries would founder. 41、The author’s viewpoint on uniforms can best be described as __________. A. practical B. hysterical C. radical D. critical 42、Judged from its style, this passage might be found in __________. A. a children’s comics book B. an editorial in a paper C. a sociology textbook D. a political platform 43、It can be inferred that the author believes that __________. A. individuals have no self-worth when they become part of an organization B. individuals are more important than organizations C. individuals are not so important as organizations D. individuals are the same important as organizations 44、The author brings in the example of a parent striving to make life better for his children to make the point that __________. A. parents have responsibilities for their children B. uniforms would be less expensive than clothing for children C. uniforms cause dissension between parents and children D. individual motivation would be destroyed by uniforms 45、The last word of the passage "founder" probably means __________. A. collapse B. shrink C. disappear D. establish |
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| 第6题：(61)While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.Caught in the web of its own time and place，each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past.In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered;it is also frequently partial or partisan.The irony of the historians craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process. Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy，the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past.(62)Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world. During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession. (63)There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. Historians，especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of“tunnel method，”frequently fall victim to the“technicist fallacy.”(64)Also common in the natural sciences，the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. (65)It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. |
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| 第7题：no one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. uniforms are demeaning to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole. the individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. there are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a large, more important concept. what could be more important than the individual oneself? if an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, eliminates all envy and competition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? it is only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, eat the same type of fooD、 when this happens, all incentive to improve one's life is removeD、 why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? uniforms also hurt the economy. right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing. if everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. salespersons would be superfluous as well: why bother to sell the only items that are available? the wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. our entire information and entertainment industries would founder. 41、the author's viewpoint on uniforms can best be described as __________. A、 practical B、 hysterical C、 radical D、 critical 42、judged from its style, this passage might be found in __________. A、 a children's comics book B、 an editorial in a paper C、 a sociology textbook D、 a political platform 43、it can be inferred that the author believes that __________. A、 individuals have no self-worth when they become part of an organization B、 individuals are more important than organizations C、 individuals are not so important as organizations D、 individuals are the same important as organizations 44、the author brings in the example of a parent striving to make life better for his children to make the point that __________. A、 parents have responsibilities for their children B、 uniforms would be less expensive than clothing for children C、 uniforms cause dissension between parents and children D、 individual motivation would be destroyed by uniforms 45、the last word of the passage "founder" probably means __________. A、 collapse B、 shrink C、 disappear D、 establish |
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| 第8、9、10、11、12题：A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers. 46、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________. A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US B. small-minded officials deserve a serious comment C. Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors D. most Americans are ready to offer help 47、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________. A. culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship B. courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated C. various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends D. social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions 48、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________. A. to improve their hard life B. in view of their long-distance travel C. to add some flavor to their own daily life D. out of a charitable impulse 49、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________. A. tends to be superficial and artificial B. is generally well kept up in the united States C. is always understood properly D. has something to do with the busy tourist trails 50、What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness? A. Favorable. B. Unfavorable. C. Indifferent. D. Neutral. |
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| 第13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32题：1982 was the year of information technology in Great Britain. But what exactly is infotech? 85% of the people __1___ recently had not a clue what it means, __2___53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.They were __3___.It is.So what is it? Well, put simply,it is the "marry-up"of products__4___several key industries:computers, telephone, televisions, satellites. It means __5___ microelectronics, telecommunication networks fibre optics__6___produce,store,obtain and send information by way of words,numbers,pictures and sound__7___and efficiency than ever before. The __8__ infotech is having and is going to have on our lives and work is tremendous.It is already linking the skills of the space industry with __9___ of cable television,so programmes can be beamed directly into our homes ___10__ all over the world. Armies of "steel collar"workers,the robots,will soon be working in factories doing the boring,complex and __11___jobs which are at present still done by man. In some areas __12___the car industry this has already started. television will also be used to enable customers __13___from the comfort of their homes by simply ordering___14__ the TV screen, payment being made by direct debit of their credit cards.The automatic booking of tickets will also be done through the television__15___ .Cable television __16___in many countries now gives a choice of ___17__ channels will soon be used to___18___ our homes by operating burglar and fire alarms ___19___to police and fire stations.Computers will run our homes,controling the heating,air-conditioned and cooking systems ___20___ robot will cope with the housework.the friendly postman will be a thing of the past as the post service and letters disappear with the electronic mail received via viewdata screens. 1) A polling B being polled C polled D having been polled 2) A so B although C however D but 3) A right B wrong C mad D crazy 4) A from B in C to D for 5) A to use B to be used C being used D using 6) A to help B to helping C to be helped D to being helped 7) A very quickly B more quickly C quicklier D most quickly 8) A force B affect C impact D control 9) A those B that C which D the one 10) A from B in C across D thoughtout 11) A interesting B dull C unpleasant D happy 12) A for example B for instance C like D such as 13) A shop B to shop C shopping D to shopping 14) A on B via C within D by 15) A screen B machine C set D show 16) A where B in which C which D it 17) A a dozen Bdozen C dozen of D dozens of 18) A protect B clean C run D manage 19) A related B associated C linked D joined 20) A while B because C since D for |
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