专四专八考试

【单选题】Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author among things that are inherited from ancestors
A、Complexion.
B．Diseases.
C．Adaptation ability.
D．Intelligence.

网考网参考答案：D
网考网解析：
[听力原文] 1-5 M: Can wearing sun glasses make you more vulnerable to sunburn Are there people who can resist the AIDS virus better than others Can a human body rust to death In his new book Survival of the Sickest, a Medical Maverick discovers why we need disease. Sharon Moalem explores these and other medical mysteries. Sharon, nice to see you, good morning. Let me dare say, you are an evolutionary biologist and a neural geneticist. W: That’s right. M: What is that and why does it make you look at things from different points of view W: Well, the evolutionary biologist part, it allows me to understand how our ancestors essentially influence who we are today. [1] So whatever they experienced, be it a plague or a climate change, they adapted, they survived, and they passed down those adaptations to us like skin color or disease. M: So let’s take a look at this question of "is it possible for people to actually rust to death " Medically speaking, is it possible W: Yes, thank you for asking that question. Ah, it is. Over a million Americans might be at risk from too much iron. Today you absorb too much iron from the diet, and it essentially gets into certain organs and over time can rust them. So if it’s in the liver, it can cause liver cancer. M: You actually suffer from this. W: Right. M: So, this, and the treatment for this sounds a bit barbaric. W: Well, it’s amazing actually. It’s a simple blood donation. M: But it’s basically bleeding someway. W: Right. M: Well, you’re getting rid of the iron-rich blood so that it can build up slowly again over time. W: Right. M: Alright. The second idea, sun exposure, skin disease experts everywhere are gonna be shocked when they hear this, because they say "stay out of the sun, no matter what". And you say "a certain amount of sun exposure actually can make us healthier". W: Right, essentially, we need vitamin D, so we evolve to convert cholesterol into vitamin D. Those are a few steps to get it and Vitamin D is not just good for the bone, it’s good for the immune system. So take African-Americans for example, who live in the northeastern United States, they’re at higher risk for prostate cancer than their cousins in Florida. And the reason for this is they don’t get enough sun. M: [2] And another example: the cholesterol levels in people tend to go up in the winter. W: That’s right. M: [2] Because you’re not breaking down the cholesterol into vitamin D in the same levels. W: Exactly. M: Alright. But this is very individual. You shouldn’t just tell everybody "go out and get in the sun". W: Oh, no, no. And again this is an example of an evolutionary compromise. You shouldn’t get too much sun, but you still need the sun. M: You talked about evolution. You talked about genes, And there’s an interesting point you make in the book. If a disease is a disadvantage to survival, in other words, it promotes premature death, then these people live shorter amount of time, they are less likely to reproduce. Why wouldn’t the gene disappear over time W: Right. Because it has to be protective. It protected the people in the past from the plague and it still fights to protect people today. M: How about this one Wearing sunglasses increases the chance of’ sunburn. And this is true W: Right, this is fascinating. So, our eyes sense sunlight and -once they do, they produce a hormone that gets the skin kick started to start the tanning process. And by putting on sunglasses, you are short-cir-cuiting in that process. [3] So you shouldn’t go out into the sun, and of course without eyewear, eye protection, but take it off for 10 minutes. M: So just in 10 minutes, you can promote the production of that hormone and protect yourself from burning. W: Right, you’ll start tanning. M: And by the way, we have had researchers; there are medical. studies that back all these things up. Organic vegetables are 查看试题解析出处>>