托福考试

【分析解答题】
In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic subject, listen to a lecture on the same topic， and then speak in response to a question about what you have read and hearD、After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.

BEHAVIORISM
Behaviorism is a school of psychology that explains behavior entirely in terms of observable responses to environmental conditions.Behaviorists think that the human traits of personality and character are not determined inside a person. Rather, these traits are the result of behavior patterns developed through environmental conditioning, a central idea in behaviorism.
Behaviorists believe that if we understand specific behaviors and the environmental stimuli that cause them, we can learn how behavior occurs.Behaviorists believe that it is possible to determine the laws of behavior and to exercise control over behavior.
Now cover the passage and listen to the recording. When you hear the question, begin preparing your response.


网考网解析：
试题答案： 答案解析：Key points: ·Pavlov’s experiments with dogs showed that when a bell was rung each time a dog was fed, the dog would associate the sound of the bell with food. The dog responded by drooling, a behavior called a conditioned reflex that occurred because the dog was trained by the sound of the bell. ·Pavlov’s experiments contributed to the concept of environmental conditioning, a central idea in behaviorism. Behaviorists believe that behavior is the result of conditioning, or careful control of the environment. ·Parlor’s experiments support the idea that behavior is not based on something inside a dog or a person; rather, behavior is the result of conditioning. ·Pavlov’s experiments support the belief that it is possible to determine the laws of behavior and to control behavior. [听力原文] Now listen to part of a talk in a psychology class. One of the earliest behaviorists is Ivan Pavlov, an experimental psychologist noted for his studies of the reflex reaction in humans and animals. A reflex is an involuntary action of the body, such as a sneeze, a blink, or a hiccup. Pavlov did a series of experiments using dogs. He found that when a bell is rung each time a dog is fed, the dog starts to associate the sound of the bell with food. Consequently, whenever the bell rings, the dog expects food. The dog salivates and drools, and there is an increase in the flow of his stomach juices. The dog’s bodily response to the bell is a conditioned reflex, a behavior that occurs because the dog has been trained by the sound of the bell. Pavlov’s experiments with dogs and discovery of the conditioned reflex contributed to the development of behaviorism. The dog’s bodily response-its behavior-does not come from something inside the dog. Rather, the behavior is the result of conditioning, the careful control of the dog’s environment. Pavlov argued that the dog’s behavior- drooling-was strictly a reaction to the environmental stimulus of the bell. document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>