托福考试易错题（2019/1/25）

第1题：The many part of the earth’s atmosphere are linked with the various parts of the earth’s surface to produce a whole---the climate system.Different parts of the earth’s surface react to the energy of the sun in different ways. For example, ice and snow reflect much of it. Land surfaces absorb solar energy and heat up rapidly. Oceans store the energy without experiencing a significant temperature rise. Thus, the different types of surfaces transfer heat into the atmosphere at different rates.　　We can view climate as existing in three domains: space, time, and human perception. In the domain of space, we can study local, regional, and global climates. In time, we can look at the climate for a year, a decade, a millennium, and so forth. Finally, we depend on our perceptions of the data, so we must include our own human perception into our model. Human perception must be included if our understanding of climatic processes is to be translated into societal actions.As a society, we make informed choices about how to use the beneficial effects of climate, such as deciding when and where to plant crops. We also make choices about how to minimize the harmful effects of climate---storms, blizzards, and droughts. According to the author, why must we include human perception in our study of climate A、We must interpret data and take actions related to climate B．We must create an interesting model of the climate system C．We must develop an understanding of our environment D．We must change our traditional ways of studying climate.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题： Swimming Machines Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes (marlins, sailfishes, and swordfish) swim continuously. Feeding, courtship, reproduction, and even "rest" are carried out while in constant motion.As a result, practically every aspect of the body form and function of these swimming "machines" is adapted to enhance ther ability to swim. Many of the adaptations of these fishes serve to reduce water resistance (drag). Interestingly enough, several of these hydrodynamic adaptations resemble features designed to improve the aerodynamics of high-speed warcraft. Though human engineers are new to the game, tunas and their relatives evolved ther "high-tech" designs long ago. Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art for their bodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact, are nearly ideal from an engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making it smooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not breakup its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight for the same reason. Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have even more sophisticated adaptations than these to improve their hydrodynamics. The long bill of marlins, sailfishes, and swordfish probably helps them slip through the water. Many supersonic aircraft have a similar needle at the nose. Most tunas and billfishes have a series of keels and finlet near the tail.Although most of their scales have been lost, tunas and mackerels retain a patch of coarse scales near the head called the corselet. The keels, finlet, and corselet help direct the flow of water over the body surface in such as way as to reduce resistance (see the figure).Again, supersonic jets have similar features. Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant. One potential problem is that opening the mouth to breathe detracts from the streamlining of these fishes and tends to slow them down. Some species of tuna have specialized grooves in their tongue. It is thought that these grooves help to channel water through the mouth and out the gilt slits, thereby reducing water resistance. There are adaptations that increase the amount of forward thrust as well as those that reduce drag.Again, these fishes are the envy of engineers. There high, narrow tails with swept-back tips are almost perfectly adapted to provide propulsion with the least possible effort. Perhaps most important of all to these and other fast swimmers is their ability to sense and make use of swirls and eddies (circular currents) in the water. They can glide past eddies that would slow them down and then gain extra thrust by "pushing off" the eddies. Scientists and engineers are beginning to study this ability of fishes in the hope of designing more efficient propulsion systems for ships. The muscles of these fishes and the mechanism that maintains a warm body

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：Lucy Stone, ...... first feminists in the United States, helped organize theAmerican Woman SuffrageAssociation in 1869.(a)the one(b)who was the(c)another(d)one of the

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题： {$mediaurl} [*] [*] What does the instructor mean when she says this: A、building with a mural will attract a lot of visitors. B．A、mural serves the same purpose as other forms of art. C．The term "mural" has several different meanings. D．A、mural is an expression of the building’s character.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

{{B}}A、Messenger from the Past{{/B}}
His people said good-bye and watched him walk off toward the mountains. They had little reason to fear for his safety: the man was well dressed in insulated clothing and equipped with tools needed to survive theAlpine climate. However, as weeks passed without his return, they must have grown worried, then anxious, and finally resigned,After many years everyone who knew him had died, and a note even a memory of the man remaineD、
Then, on an improbably distant day, he came down from the mountain. Things had changed a bit: it wasn’t theBronzeAge anymore, and he was a celebrity.
When a melting glacier released its hold on a 4,000-year-old corpse in September, it was quite rightly called one of the most important archeological finds of the century.Discovered by a German couple hiking at 10,500 feet in the Italian Tyrol near theAustrian border, the partially freeze-dried body still wore remnants of leather garments and boots that had been stuffed with straw for insulation. The hikers alerted scientists from the University of Innsbruck inAustria, whose more complete examination revealed that the man was tattooed on his back and behind his knee.At his side was a bronze ax of a type typical in southern centralEurope around 2000B、C、On his expedition--perhaps to hunt or to search for metal ore--he had also carded an all-purpose stone knife, a wooden backpack, a bow and a quiver, a small bag containing a flint lighter and kindling, and an arrow repair kit in a leather pouch.
Such everyday gear gives an unprecedented perspective on life in earlyBronzeAgeEurope. "The most exciting thing is that we genuinely appear to be looking at a man who had some kind of accident in the course of a perfectly ordinary trip," says archeologist Ian Kinnes of theBritish Museum. "These are not artifacts placed in a grave, but the fellow’s own possessions."
Unlike theEgyptians and Mesopotamians of the time, who had more advanced civilizations with cities and central authority, the Ice Man and his countrymen lived in a society built around small, stable villages. He probably spoke in a tongue ancestral to currentEuropean languages. Furthermore, though he was a member of a farming culture, he may well have been hunting when he died, to add meat to his family’s diet. X-rays of the quiver showed that it contained 14 arrows. While his backpack was empty, careful exploration of the trench where he died revealed remnants of animal skin and bones at the same spot where the pack lay. There was also the remainder of a pile of berries.Clearly the man didn’t starve to death.

The trench provided him so with shelter from the elements, and he also had a braided mat of grass to keep him warm.
If injury or illness caused the Ice Man’s death, an autopsy on the 4,000-year-old victim could turn up some clues.
The circumstances of his death may have preserved such evidence, as well as other details of his life.
Freeze-dried by the frigid climate, his inner organs and other soft tissues are much better preserved than those of dried-upEgyptian mummies or the waterlogged Scandinavian "Bog Men" found in recent years.
One concern, voiced by archeologistColin Renfrew ofCambridge University, is that the hot TV lights that greeted the hunter’s return to civilizetion may have damaged these fragile tissues, jeopardizing a chance to recover additional precious genetic information from his chromosomes.

第5题：{{B}}Set 3{{/B}}

【单选题】： A     B     C     D