托福考试易错题（2019/2/28）

第1题：Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there 　　has been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air 　　and the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in 　　regulating theEarth’’s temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern(5)Antarctic A、Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice 　　from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year 　　after year. Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time. 　　The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 160,000 years 　　ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core andtemperature and of atmospheric(10)measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments 　　were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea 　　of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit of 　　water became locked in the glacier. The result is a remarkable unbroken record of (15)levels of carbon dioxide.Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbon　　dioxide levels droppeD、When the global temperature dropped 9F (5℃), carbon dioxide levels　　dropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and theEarth basked in a　　warm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the　　160,000 years of that ice(20)record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and 280 parts per　　million, but never rose much higher-until the industrial Revolution beginning in the eighteenth　　century and continuing today. There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levels　　and global temperature change goes back much further than the glacial recorD、Carbon(25)dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during theCarboniferous　　perioD、360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for aprofusion of plant life whose　　buried remains produced a large fraction of the coal deposits that am being brought to the surface　　and burned today.The passage implies that the warmest temperatures among the periods mentioned occurred A、in the early eighteenth century B．160,000 years ago C．at the end of each ice age D．between 360 and 285 million years ago

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：The bathyscaphe, a free-moving vessel designed for underwater exploration, consists of a Flotation compartment with a observation capsule attached underneath it.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题： The word "accumulated" in line 6 is closest in meaning to A．( spread out B．( changed C．( became denser D．( built up

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题：Reading 2 "PaleolithicArt" → The several millennia following 30,000B、 C、saw a powerful outburst of artistic creativity. The artworks produced range from simple shell necklaces to human and animal forms in ivory, clay, and stone to monumental paintings, engravings, and relief sculptures covering the huge wall surfaces of caves. From the moment in 1879 that cave paintings were discovered atAltamira, scholars have wondered why the hunter-artists of the Old StoneAge decided to cover the walls of dark caverns with animal images. Various answers have been given, including that they were mere decoration, but this theory cannot explain the narrow range of subjects or the inaccessibility of many of the paintings. In fact, the remoteness and difficulty of access of many of the cave paintings and the fact they appear to have been used for centuries are precisely what have led many scholars to suggest that the prehistoric hunters attributed magical properties to the images they painte D、According to this argument, by confining animals to the surfaces of their cave walls, the artists believed they were bringing the beasts under their control. Some have even hypothesized that rituals or dances were performed in front of the images and that these rites served to improve the hunters’ luck. Still others have stated that the painted animals may have served as teaching tools to instruct new hunters about the character of the various species they would encounter or even to serve as targets for spears! By contrast, some scholars have argued that the magical purpose of the paintings was not to facilitate the destruction of bison and other species. Instead, they believe prehistoric painters created animal images to assure the survival of the herds. Paleolithic peoples depended on for their food supply and for their clothing. A、central problem for both the hunting-magic and foodcreation theories is that the animals that seem to have been diet staples of Old StoneAge peoples are not those most frequently portraye D、 Other scholars have sought to reconstruct an elaborate mythology based on the cave paintings, suggesting that Paleolithic humans believed they had animal ancestors. Still others have equated certain species with men and others with women and also found sexual symbolism in the abstract signs that sometimes accompany the images. Almost all of these theories have been discredited over time, and art historians must admit that no one knows the intent of these paintings. In fact, a single explanation for all Paleolithic murals, even paintings similar in subject, style, and composition (how the motifs are arranged on the surface), is unlikely to apply universally. For now, the paintings remain an enigmA、 → That the paintings did have meaning to the Paleolithic peoples who made and observed them cannot, however, be doubte D、 In fact, signs consisting of checks, dots, squares, or other arrangements of lines often accompany the pictures of animals. Several observers have seen a primitive writing form in these representations of nonliving things, but the signs, too, may have had some other significance. Some look like traps and arrows and, according to the hunting-magic theory, may have been drawn to insure success in capturing or killing animals with these devices.At Pech-Merle in France, the "spotted horses" painted on the cave wall may not have spots. Some scholars have argued that the "spots," which appear both within and without the horses’ outlines, are painted rocks thrown at the animals. → Representations of human hands also are common. Those around the Pech-Merle horses, and the majorit

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题： {$mediaurl} According to the professor, how wasDarwin’s On the Origin of Species related toAmerican realism A、It called attention to social issues generated by the rise of the middle class. B、It causedAmerican writers to lose faith in the principles of romanticism. C、It contributed to changes inAmerican culture that captured the attention of writers. D、It challengedAmerican authors to produce works of scientific merit.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D