托福习题练习
| 托福考试易错题（2019/3/13） |
| 第1题：HistoricalBackground → The epic poemBeowulf, written in OldEnglish, is the earliest existing Germanic epic and one of four survivingAnglo-Saxon manuscripts.AlthoughBeowulf was written by an anonymousEnglishman in OldEnglish, the tale takes place in that part of Scandinavia from which Germanic tribes emigrated toEnglanD、Beowulf comes from Geatland, the southeastern part of what is now Sweden. Hrothgar, king of theDanes, lives near what is now Leire, on Zealand,Denmark’s largest islanD、TheBeowulf epic contains three major tales aboutBeowulf and several minor tales that reflect a rich Germanic oral tradition of myths, legends, and folklore. → TheBeowulf warriors have a foot in both theBronze and IronAges. Their mead-halls reflect the wealthy living of theBronzeAge Northmen, and their wooden shields, wood-shafted spears, and bronze-hilted swords are those of theBronzeAge warrior. However, they carry iron-tipped spears, and their best swords have iron or iron-edged blades.Beowulf also orders an iron shield for his fight with a dragon. Iron replaced bronze because it produced a blade with a cutting edge that was stronger and sharper. The Northmen learned how to forge iron in about 500B、C、Although they had been superior to theEuropeanCelts in bronze work, it was theCelts who taught them how to make and design iron work. Iron was accessible everywhere in Scandinavia, usually in the form of "bog-iron" found in the layers of peat in peat bogs. TheBeowulf epic also reveals interesting aspects of the lives of theAngloSaxons who lived inEngland at the time of the anonymousBeowulf poet. The Germanic tribes, including theAngles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, invadedEngland from aboutA、D、450 to 600.By the time of theBeowulf.poet,AngloSaxon society inEngland was neither primitive nor uneu tured →Although theBeowulf manuscript was written in aboutA、D、1000, it was not discovered until the seventeenth century.  Scholars do not know whetherBeowulf is the sole surviving epic from a flourishingAnglo-Saxon literary period that produced other great epics or whether it was unique even in its own time.  Many scholars think that the epic was probably written sometime between the late seventh century and the early ninth century. If they are correct, the original manuscript was probably lost during the ninth-century Viking invasions ofAnglia, in which theDanes destroyed theAnglo-Saxon monasteries and their great libraries. However, other scholars think that the poet’s favorable attitude toward theDanes must place the epic’s composition after the Viking invasions and at the start of the eleventh century, when thisBeowulf manuscript was written.→ The identity of theBeowulf poet is also uncertain. Appeal and Value Beowulf interests contemporary readers for many reasons. First, it is an outstanding adventure story. Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon are marvelous characters, and each fight is unique, action-packed, and exciting. Second,Beowulf is a very appealing hero. He is the perfect warrior, combining extraordinary strength, skill, courage, and loyalty. Like Hercules, he devotes his life to making the world a safer place. He chooses to risk death in order to help other people, and he faces his inevitable death with hero |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第2题：The first birds appeared during late Jurassic times. These birds are known from four very good skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated feather, all from the Solnhofen limestone ofBavaria, Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in a shallow(5) coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and were buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable detail In this way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons, which have been namedArchaeopteryx, were fossilizeD、And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons, but so also were imprints of the feathers. If the indications of feathers had not been preserved in(10) association withArchaeopteryx, it is likely that these fossils would have been classified among the dinosaurs, for they show numerous theropod characteristics. Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with an archeosaurian type of skull, a long neck, a compact body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a long tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned as wings.(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these early birds, are highly organized animals, with a constant body temperature and a very high rate of metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having evolved extraordinarily complex behavior patterns such as those of nesting and song, and the habit among many species of making long migrations from one continent to another and back(20) each year. Most birds also have very strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the waterbirds, such as ducks and geese, have the distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the water, on land, and in the air, a range in natural locomotor ability that has never been attained(25) by any other vertebrate.Why does the author mention "a crow" in line 12 A、to indicate the size ofArchaeopteryx B．To specify the age of theArchaeopteryx fossils C．To explain the evolutionary history ofArchaeopteryx D．To demonstrate the superiority of the theropod toArchaeopteryx |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第3题： Made of hard wood, the boomerang is roughly V-shaped, with arms — skewed A．( of slightly B．( are slightly C．( slightly D．( that those are slightly |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第4题： THE、ROLE、OF GOVERNMENT IN THE、ECONOMY 1 Because most people do not volunteer to pay taxes or police their own financial affairs, governments cannot influence economic activity simply by asking people to pollute less, to give money to the poor, or to be innovative. To accomplish these things, governments have to pass laws. Since the early twentieth century, governments of countries with advanced industrial or service economies have been playing an increasing role in economics. This can be seen in the growth of government taxation and spending, in the growing share of national income devoted to income-support payments, and by the enormous increase in the control of economic activity. 2 The large-scale organization of business, as seen in mass production and distribution, has led to the formation of large-scale organizations--corporations, labor unions, and government structures--that have grown in importance in the past several decades. Their presence and growing dominance have shifted capitalist economies away from traditional market forces and toward government administration of markets. 3 In the United States, government provides a framework of laws for the conduct of economic activity that attempt to make it serve the public interest. For instance, the individual states and the federal government have passed laws to shield investors against frauD、These laws specify what information has to be disclosed to prospective investors when shares of stocks or bonds are offered for sale.Another important area of law concerns the labor force, such as regulation of work hours, minimum wages, health and safety conditions, child labor, and the rights of workers to form unions, to strike, to demonstrate peacefully, and to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing. 4 In other nations, the ways in which governments intervene in their economies have varied; however, governments everywhere deal with essentially the same issues and participate in economic activity.Even governments that are reluctant to regulate commerce directly have undertaken large-scale projects such as hydroelectric and nuclear energy developments, transportation networks, or expansion of health, education, and other public services. In paragraph 3, the author mentions two areas of law that aim toA．serve borrowing and lending institutions B．restrict the size of corporations and labor unions C．regulate domestic and international trade D．protect the rights of investors and workers |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第5题： There are about 350 species and subspecies of birds in danger of become extinct, with a large number of them, 117 in all, found on oceanic islands.
|
| 【单选题】： |