| 托福考试易错题（2019/3/24） |
| 第1题： LANGSTON HUGHES 1 Among the many talentedAfricanAmerican writers connected with the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 1930s, Langston Hughes was the most popular in his time. His two most important achievements were the incorporation of the rhythms of black music into his poetry and the creation of an authentic black folk speaker in the character of JesseB、Semple. Through both poetry and storytelling, Hughes captured in written form the dominant oral and improvisatory traditions of black culture. 2Langston Hughes was born in Missouri in 1902. He began to write poetry in high school and later attendedColumbia University in New York.After one year at university, Hughes commenced a nomadic life in the United States andEurope. He shipped out as a merchant marine and worked in a Paris nightclub, all the while writing and publishing poetry. His prolific literary career was launched in 1926 with the publication of his first book, The WearyBlues, a collection of poems onAfricanAmerican themes set to rhythms from jazz and blues. His first novel appeared in 1930, and from that point on Hughes was known as "the bard of Harlem." 3In the activist 1930s, Hughes was a public figure. He worked as a journalist, published works in several media, and foundedAfricanAmerican theaters in New York,Chicago, and LosAngeles. Hughes’s concern with race, mainly in an urban setting, is evident in his poetry, plays, screenplays, novels, and short stories. His poetry includes lyrics about black life and black pride as well as poems of racial protest. His major prose writings are those concerned with the character JesseB、Semple, a shrewd but supposedly ignorant Harlem resident nicknamed Simple. Simple was a wise fool, an honest man who saw through sham and spoke plainly. The Simple stories were originally published as newspaper sketches and later collected in five book volumes. 4 By the 1960s, readers preferred themes that reflected the struggles of the times, and Hughes’s writings were overshadowed by those of a younger generation of black poets. However, in more recent decades, scholars and readers have rediscovered Hughes and regard him as a major literary and social influence. His poetry and stories remain an enduring legacy of the Harlem Renaissance, and for this reason his position in theAmerican canon is secure. What is significant about The WearyBlues A、It expressed themes of protest and unrest. B、Hughes wrote it when he was in high school. C、It put the rhythms of black music into poetry. D、Hughes performed it in a Paris nightcluB、 |
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| 第2题： ConsumerDemand andDevelopment of GreenCars The day automakers put the earth at the top of their agenda will go down in history. Reading this book, one gets the sense that day is coming, major automakers—still no paragons of environmentalism—have gotten the message that replacing the dirty internal-combustion engine is an urgent priority. With less than 5 percent of the world’s population,Americans produce 14 percent of all global warming carbon-dioxide gas.And car tailpipes pump out more than 30 percent of U. S. air pollution. In his new book, ForwardDrive: The Race toBuild "Clean"Cars for the Future, environmentalist Jim Motavalli concludes that capitalist competition is leading the way over government mandates to clean up that exhaust. Motavalli chronicles the movement for cleaner cars: the few visionaries and zealots building and driving home-built battery-powered cars; the divided giant automakers working tirelessly to develop clean cars while fighting regulatory efforts to require them; university researchers concluding studies; and the regulators trying to speed their adoption. ForwardDrive covers the technological advances of the hybrid and fuel-cell vehicles poised to take over from the internal-combustion engine. In some ways, Motavalli is an unlikely narrator.A、self-vowed car nut who stumbled into a job editingE, theEnviromental Magazine, he seems biased on both sides of the issue.But ultimately, that’s what makes him best suited to tell this story. Motoavalli’s concern for the environment is sincere, and his knowledge of cars is refreshingly accurate. The most interesting passages follow his transformattion from internal-combustion devotee to environmental auto cynic and battery-car zealot to hopeful future-car realist. "It was disconcerting, to say the least, to learn that my hobby of collecting classic cars and my growing concern for the environment didn’t necessarily mesh," Motavalli writes. "The car has certainly been good to me, but I’m becomin disenchanted." In the preface, he noted that he set out to write a book critical of the auto industry for teaming up with major oil companies to block the development of clean cars.But when he dug in to do more research, he found a different story. Namely that automakers inDetroit, Japan, andEurope are in a heated race to start selling cars that are more environmentally correct. A、[■] Unfortunately, Motavalli glosses over issues of consumer deman D、 B、[■] He never mentions that today’s electric cars and gasoline-electric hybrids cost far more than internal-combustion cars of equal or greater capability. C、[■] He notes their utter dedication to their electric cars and implies that the rest of the buying public should simply be as enthusiastic, without addressing issues of price or various ways families use their cars. D、[■] He strongly favorsCalifornia’s mandate that 10 percent of all vehicles sold in the state be zero-emission-vehicle-battery or fuel-cell electrics, not hybrids—even though he writes, "Ultimately, vehicles halfheartedly designed to meet a mandate would fail in the marketplace."And he gives a short shift to the point that clean cars do nothing to ease congestion and sprawl. In a telephone interview, Motavalli concedes that technology is progressing faster than the book deadline allowed him to keep up with. If anything, automakers are working harder to develop hybrid-electrics.And mass-market hybrid-drive systems will likely first show up in the big sport utility vehicles that Motavalli rails against. Nevertheless, he now believes that the automakers with the deepest pockets have the best chance of building better cars for tomorrow. "The new, clean cars will emerge not from a tinkerer’s garage, but from the well-funded research labs of the same big auto companies t |
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| 第3题： THE、ILLUSION OF FILM 1Film is an illusion because the moving pictures seen on the screen are not moving at all.A、fihn is actually a series of tiny still pictures, or flames. They appear to be moving because the retina of the human eye retains the impression of an object for a split second after that object has actually disappeareD、This principle is known as the persistence of vision. When we look at a single frame of film, the image persists in the brain’s visual center for a fraction of a seconD、Then, the next frame comes along and the brain has to catch up with the new image. Thus, our eyes and brain trick us into thinking that we see a smoothly moving image rather than a series of still ones. 2 Another illusion of film is known collectively as special effects, the tricks and techniques that filmmakers use when makeup, costume, and stunts are still not enough to make a scene convincing. Special effects artists apply science to filmmaking, showing us things that no plain camera could ever photograph.Even since the introduction of computer graphics in recent decades, the films of today still rely on some special effects that have existed since the early years of cinemA、 3One category of special effects is called optical or visual effects, tricks made with the camerA、One of the pioneers of optical effects was the French filmmaker Georges Méliès, who invented a technique called stop-motion photography. With this technique, a scene is filmed, the camera is stopped, the scene is changed in some way, and then the camera rolls again. Stop motion photography can create th.e illusion of an actor disappearing on screen. In one short film, an actor’s clothes keep returning to his body as he tries to get undresseD、Méliès also invented a technique known as split screen.By putting a card over the camera lens, he prevented half of the frame of fihn from being exposeD、He filmed a scene on the uncovered half of the frame and then backed up the same strip of fihn in his camerA、For the second shot, he covered the exposed half and took another series of pictures on the half that had been covered the first time. With the technique of split screen, it is possible to achieve illusions such as having the same actor play twins. 4Mechanical effects are another category of special effects. Mechanical effects are objects or devices used during the filming to create an illusion, such as feathers or plastic chips to simulate snow, and wires to create the illusion that people are flying. Many sound effects are mechanical effects. Wood blocks create a horse’s hoofbeats, and a vibrating sheet of metal sounds like thunder.During the silent film era, the music machine called the Kinematophone was popular because it could produce the sounds of sirens, sleigh bells, gunfire, baby cries, and kisses-all at the press of a key. 5Other mechanical effects are puppets, robots of all sizes, and tiny copies of buildings or cities. To reduce the cost of studio sets or location photography, special-effects technicians create painted or projected backgrounds, which replace the set or add to it. For example, in a long shot of a town, the set might be only a few feet high, and the remainder of the town is painted onto a sheet of glass positioned in fiont of the camera during filming. In a 1916 silent film called The Flying Torpedo, mechanical effects created the appearance of an enemy invasion of theCalifornia seacoast. Technicians threw small contact-rigged explosives into toy cities, scattering the tiny buildings into the air.An artist painted a row of battleships on a board that was only six feet long.Carpenters drilled small holes in the ships, which were filled with small charges of flash powder to simulate guns.An electrician wired the charges so they could be fired on cue from a small battery. For audiences of the time, the effect was of a real fle |
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| 第4题： The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass __________ Earth, with a similar interior, including a nickel-iron core. A．( to B．( as C．( is D．( than |
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| 第5题： A、( The populations of small towns increased rapidly B、Art critics in cites began to take notice of regionalism C、Some regionalist painters began a new art movement D、Society became more internationally focused |
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