托福习题练习
| 托福考试易错题（2019/4/9） |
| 第1题： A、She’s rarely home. B．She spends a lot of time on the phone. C．She’s been away for several days. D．She makes calls only when necessary. |
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| 第2题：1 The youngest child of a prosperous Midwestern manufacturing family,Dorothy Reed was born in 1874 and educated at home by her grandmother. She graduated from SmithCollege and in 1896 entered Johns Hopkins Medical School.After receiving her M.D、degree, she worked at Johns Hopkins in the laboratories of two noted medical scientists. Reed’s research in pathology established conclusively that Hodgkin’s disease, until then thought to be a form of tuberculosis, was a distinct disorder characterized by a specific blood cell, which was named the Reed cell after her. 2 In 1906, her marriage toCharles Mendenhall took Reed away from the research laboratory. For ten years, she remained at home as the mother of young children before returning to professional life. She became a lecturer in HomeEconomics at the University of Wisconsin, where her principal concerns were collecting data about maternal and child health and preparing courses for new mothers. 3 Dorothy Reed Mendenhall’s career interests were reshaped by the requirements of marriage. Her passion for research was redirected to public health rather than laboratory science. Late in life, she concluded that she could not imagine life without her husband and sons, but she hoped for a future when marriage would not have to end a career of laboratory research. What wasDorothy Reed’s area of research at Johns Hopkins A、Manufacturing B．Pathology C．Tuberculosis D．Maternal health |
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| 第3题：{{B}}Set 3{{/B}} Security technology:A、new type of computerised photofit system takes a novel evolutionary approach to generating images of suspects. If you have ever tried to describe someone’s face in detail, you will understand why the "photofit" composite images used by the police look so dodgy. In recent years, computerised "E-Fit" systems have helped improve the accuracy of these images by allowing witnesses to choose from a wider range of facial features.But researchers at the University of Stirling in Scotland found that, despite these improvements, people still have a hard time constructing recognisable faces--especially if there is a delay of more The problem is that people tend to recoguise faces as whole entities, rather than as separate features. So picking from a range of eyes, noses and mouths is not necessarily the most suitable approach, saysCharlie Frowd, a psychologist at the University of Stifling. Next year, however,British police are expected to begin trials of a new computerised system, calledEvoFIT, developed byDr. Frowd and his colleague Peter Hancock. It uses an evolutionary approach, known as a genetic algorithm, to "evolve" faces rather than piece them together. "The process is entirely non-verbal and takes a fraction of the normal time," claimsDr. FrowD、A、witness is shown an array of 60 different faces with random features. Having studied them closely, the witness is asked to choose the six images that most closely resemble the person they are trying to describe. These six are then used to generate another set of 60, by switching featurees between some of the images and by making random changes to others. The witness is then asked to repeat the task, whereupon a new batch of faces is generated, and so on. In evolutionary terms, this process is known as "genetic crossover and mutation", and is a powerful way to search a large number of possibilities for a particular solution.By allowing the user to steer the selection process, the program is able to generate a good likeness for the original face after just a few cycles. In one of its early versions,EvoFIT was used by police in Northampton shire who were trying to catch a violent attacker. The attacker was never caught, but the senior investigating officer, Superintendent Paul Spick, says the witness involved found the new software much quicker and easier to use than traditionalE-Fit systems. It was also more accurate: the final image caused the witness visible distress when displayeD、A、further important advantage ofEvoFIT over traditional composites is that an image can be generated even if the witness can only provide a sketchy verbal description. The researchers have since made a number of further improvements to their system and are now in the process of commercializing it in partnership withABM, aBritish firm which supplies police forces with photofit, one of the leading computerized composite systems. The images are more realistic, and the system can generate three-quarter angle views of the face, which are easier to distinguish than direct frontal views, saysDr. FrowD、  His team has also found that by combining the images generated by different witnesses, or even from a single witness, it is possible to get an even better likeness.  This could be particularly useful when multiple witnesses come forward and the police are unsure which of the images they produce is the most accurate. 【单选题】： | |
| 第4题： MASS WASTING PROCESSES 1The downslope movement of rock, mud, or other material under the influence of gravity is known as mass wasting. While the angle of the slope is a major factor in the potential for mass wasting, the slope is not the sole determiner of mass wasting events. Water plays a significant role, especially where it is plentiful during the rainy season.Earthquakes may cause rockslides, mudflows, and other mass movements. Factors such as the presence or absence of vegetation and human activities can also influence the potential for mass wasting. 2One way to classify mass wasting processes is on the basis of the material involved, such as rock, debris, earth, or muD、The manner in which the material moves is also important and is generally described as a fall, a slide, or a flow.A、fall occurs when weathering loosens boulders from cliffs or rock faces, causing the boulders to break away and fall.A、slide takes place whenever material remains fairly coherent and moves along a well-defined surface.A、flow involves the movement of debris containing a large amount of water. 3Many mass wasting processes are described as slides. Rockslides occur when a coherent mass of rock breaks loose and slides down a slope as a unit. If the material involved is mostly separate pieces, it is called a debris slide. Slides are among the fastest and most destructive mass movements. Usually rockslides occur in a geologic setting where the rock layers are inclined, or where there are joints and fractures in the rock that are parallel to the slope. When such a rock unit is undercut at the base of the slope, it loses support and the rock eventually collapses. Rain or snowmelt can trigger a rockslide by wetting the underlying surface to the point that friction can no longer hold the rock in place. The fastest type of slide is a rock avalanche, in which a mass of rock literally floats on air as it moves downslope. The high speed of a rock avalanche is the result of air becoming trapped and compressed beneath the falling mass of debris, allowing it to move down the slope as a buoyant sheet. 4Mudflows are relatively rapid mass wasting events that involve soil and a large amount of water.Because of their fluid properties, mudflows follow canyons and stream channels. Mudflows often take place in semiarid mountainous regions and on the slopes of some volcanoes.Although rainstorms in semiarid regions are infrequent, they are typically heavy when they occur. When a rainstorm or rapidly melting snow creates a sudden flood, large quantities of soil and loose rock are washed into nearby stream channels because there is usually little or no vegetation to anchor the surface material. The result is a flowing mass of well-mixed mud, soil, rock, and water. The consistency of the mudflow may be similar to that of wet concrete, or it may be a soupy mixture not much thicker than muddy water. The water content influences the rate of flow across the surface. When a mudflow is dense, it moves more slowly, but it can easily carry or push large boulders, trees, and even houses along with it. 5In dry mountainous areas such as southernCalifornia, mudflows are a serious hazard to development on and near canyon hillsides. The removal of native vegetation by brush fires has increased the probability of these destructive events. Past mudflows have contributed to the buildup of fan-shaped deposits at canyon mouths. Such fans are relatively easy to build on and often have scenic views, so many have become desirable sites for residential development. However, because mudflows occur infrequently, homeowners are often unaware of the potential danger of building on the site of a previous mudflow. 6Highly fluid, fast-flowing mudflows incorporate fine-grained sediment and are common after volcanic eruptions that produce large volumes of volcanic ash. Mudflows containi |
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| 第5题： Les vacances d'hiver vont bientt ____.
A．finir B．fini C．être fini D．avoir fini |
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