【单选题】
MountainClimbing
Mountain climbing, or ascending mountains, is popular worldwide, wherever hills rise high enough to provide a challenge. The activity’s rewards include the physical exercise it provides, the satisfaction of overcoming difficulties by working with others, the thrill of reaching a summit, and the unobstructed views from a mountaintop.Exploration and research are other reasons that people climb mountains. Since ancient times, people have viewed mountain peaks as towering objects of myth, spiritual inspiration, and romantic beauty.Early peoples made ascents only to hunt game, to rescue lost or strayed animals, or to gain a military advantage over an enemy.Eventually, the unknown and inaccessible peaks ceased to be feared and avoided, and the conquest of the major mountain peaks and ranges of the world began. Mountaineering as a sport was born onAugust 8,1786. Since that ascent, mountain climbing has evolved into three related sports: alpine climbing, ice climbing, and rock climbing. These sports require the same fundamental techniques.
The style of alpinism or alpine climbing encompasses much of the basic climbing techniques, equipment, and safety precautions that form the basis for ice climbing and rock climbing.Alpine climbing began in theEuropeanAlps in the late 18th century and is now practiced in all mountain ranges of the worlD、Alpine climbing involves the continuous ascent of a mountain peak over a period of one to several days by a team of at least two alpinists. Teams may consist of as many as four climbers. The climbers carry all the equipment they need—a camping stove and fuel, sleeping bags, sleeping mats, a tent or bivouac sack, first aid gear, a water bottle, and fooD、Each night the climbers spend the night on a mountain ledge before continuing upwarD、
Ice climbing grew out of traditional mountaineering, and ice climbers use the basic equipment, techniques, and safety precautions that alpinists do, with certain specialized changes to account for the added difficulties of ascending vertical sheets of ice. For example,Eckenstein’s ten-point crampons enabled mountaineers to ascend more difficult and steeper climbs over icy routes.A、[■]Ice climbers later created more radically drooped ice axe picks and ergonomically designed ice axe shafts, allowing them to venture onto continuously vertical, and even overhanging, frozen waterfalls.
In the early 20th century, French and German mountaineers sought out new challenges by training on cliffs and boulders near their homes.B、[■]The earliest documented rock climb done for sport was the 35-m high Nape’s Needle in the LakeDistrict ofEnglanD、C、[■]Climbing areas may be relatively small crags of rock, large canyon sidewalls, or immense mountain faces.D、[■]Granite, limestone, sandstone, metamorphosed schist, and gneiss are the five most popular rock types for climbing.
In recent years, well-publicized successes and tragedies in mountaineering activities and improvements in climbing equipment have given rise to an increased number of mountain climbers worldwide. The sport’s popularity has led some countries to require mountaineers to purchase climbing permits. Himalayan expeditions must also pay an environmental bond to guarantee that they will remove all of their waste at the conclusion of their trip.
Environmental protection efforts are underway at many rock climbing areas to ease ecological strains on popular areas. Local climbers participate in an annual cleanup day to maintain approach trails, wash gymnastic chalk off the rock, and pick up litter. TheAccess Fund is the national organization that helps climbers gain access to climbing areas and also assists with environmental problems associated with cliffs in the United States.
Beginning in the 1980s indoor rock-climbing gyms have played a key role in introducing large numbers of
网考网参考答案：A
网考网解析：
[解析] 本题为词汇题，主要考查考生根据上下文对单词encompass的理解。该词义为“包含，涵盖”，原文出现encompass的句子说“The style of alpinism or alpine climbing encompasses much of the basic climbing techniques，equipment, and safety precautions that form the basis for ice climbing and rock climbing(阿尔卑斯登山模式包含的基本登山技术、设备以及安全准备，成为登冰或攀岩的基础)”。而且，第一段的最后一句提到，三种登山模式有相同的基本技术。因此，应该选A项。选项B(排除)意思正好相反；选项C(反映，表现)、选项D(需要)都不符合原文的意思。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>
Mountain climbing, or ascending mountains, is popular worldwide, wherever hills rise high enough to provide a challenge. The activity’s rewards include the physical exercise it provides, the satisfaction of overcoming difficulties by working with others, the thrill of reaching a summit, and the unobstructed views from a mountaintop.Exploration and research are other reasons that people climb mountains. Since ancient times, people have viewed mountain peaks as towering objects of myth, spiritual inspiration, and romantic beauty.Early peoples made ascents only to hunt game, to rescue lost or strayed animals, or to gain a military advantage over an enemy.Eventually, the unknown and inaccessible peaks ceased to be feared and avoided, and the conquest of the major mountain peaks and ranges of the world began. Mountaineering as a sport was born onAugust 8,1786. Since that ascent, mountain climbing has evolved into three related sports: alpine climbing, ice climbing, and rock climbing. These sports require the same fundamental techniques.
The style of alpinism or alpine climbing encompasses much of the basic climbing techniques, equipment, and safety precautions that form the basis for ice climbing and rock climbing.Alpine climbing began in theEuropeanAlps in the late 18th century and is now practiced in all mountain ranges of the worlD、Alpine climbing involves the continuous ascent of a mountain peak over a period of one to several days by a team of at least two alpinists. Teams may consist of as many as four climbers. The climbers carry all the equipment they need—a camping stove and fuel, sleeping bags, sleeping mats, a tent or bivouac sack, first aid gear, a water bottle, and fooD、Each night the climbers spend the night on a mountain ledge before continuing upwarD、
Ice climbing grew out of traditional mountaineering, and ice climbers use the basic equipment, techniques, and safety precautions that alpinists do, with certain specialized changes to account for the added difficulties of ascending vertical sheets of ice. For example,Eckenstein’s ten-point crampons enabled mountaineers to ascend more difficult and steeper climbs over icy routes.A、[■]Ice climbers later created more radically drooped ice axe picks and ergonomically designed ice axe shafts, allowing them to venture onto continuously vertical, and even overhanging, frozen waterfalls.
In the early 20th century, French and German mountaineers sought out new challenges by training on cliffs and boulders near their homes.B、[■]The earliest documented rock climb done for sport was the 35-m high Nape’s Needle in the LakeDistrict ofEnglanD、C、[■]Climbing areas may be relatively small crags of rock, large canyon sidewalls, or immense mountain faces.D、[■]Granite, limestone, sandstone, metamorphosed schist, and gneiss are the five most popular rock types for climbing.
In recent years, well-publicized successes and tragedies in mountaineering activities and improvements in climbing equipment have given rise to an increased number of mountain climbers worldwide. The sport’s popularity has led some countries to require mountaineers to purchase climbing permits. Himalayan expeditions must also pay an environmental bond to guarantee that they will remove all of their waste at the conclusion of their trip.
Environmental protection efforts are underway at many rock climbing areas to ease ecological strains on popular areas. Local climbers participate in an annual cleanup day to maintain approach trails, wash gymnastic chalk off the rock, and pick up litter. TheAccess Fund is the national organization that helps climbers gain access to climbing areas and also assists with environmental problems associated with cliffs in the United States.
Beginning in the 1980s indoor rock-climbing gyms have played a key role in introducing large numbers of
网考网参考答案：A
网考网解析：
[解析] 本题为词汇题，主要考查考生根据上下文对单词encompass的理解。该词义为“包含，涵盖”，原文出现encompass的句子说“The style of alpinism or alpine climbing encompasses much of the basic climbing techniques，equipment, and safety precautions that form the basis for ice climbing and rock climbing(阿尔卑斯登山模式包含的基本登山技术、设备以及安全准备，成为登冰或攀岩的基础)”。而且，第一段的最后一句提到，三种登山模式有相同的基本技术。因此，应该选A项。选项B(排除)意思正好相反；选项C(反映，表现)、选项D(需要)都不符合原文的意思。 document.getElementById("warp").style.display="none"; document.getElementById("content").style.display="block"; 查看试题解析出处>>
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