托福习题练习
| 托福考试易错题（2019/6/5） |
| 第1题： ICE 1Two conditions are necessary for the formation of ice: the presence of water and temperatures below freezing. Ice in the atmosphere and on the ground can assume various forms, depending on the conditions under which water is converted to its solid state~ Ice that forms in the atmosphere can fall to the ground as snow, sleet, or hail. Snow is an assemblage of ice crystals in the form of flakes; sleet is a collection of frozen raindrops, which are actually ice pellets. Hail consists of rounded or jagged lumps of ice, often in layers like the intemal structure of an onion. Ice also forms directly on the ground or on bodies of water. In NorthAmerica, ice forms in late autumn, winter, and early spring. On very large bodies of water, it may not form until late winter because there must be several months of low temperatures to chill such large amounts of water. 2On puddles and small ponds, ice first freezes in a thin layer with definite crystal structure that becomes less apparent as the ice thickens. On lakes large enough to have waves, such as the Great Lakes, the first ice to form is a thin surface layer of slush, sometimes called grease ice, which eventually grows into small floes of pancake ice. If the lake is small enough or the weather cold enough, the floes may freeze together into a fairly solid sheet of pack ice. Pack ice may cover the entire lake or be restricted to areas near the shore. 3 Because water expands when it freezes, ice is less dense than liquid water and therefore floats rather than sinks in water.As ice floats on the surface of a lake, ocean, or river, it acts as an insulator and is thus important in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. Without the insulating effect of floating ice sheets, surface water would lose heat more rapidly, and large bodies of water such as theArctic Ocean and HudsonBay might freeze up completely. What condition is necessary for water in the atmosphere to change to its solid stateA、solid cloud cover that absorbs the sun’s heat B．A、weather forecast for snow, sleet, or hail C．A、position directly above a large body of water D．A、temperature below water’s freezing point |
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| 第2题：Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including many that were once considered undesirable noises.ComposerEdgard Varese (1883-1965) called thus the "liberation of soun D、..the right to make music with any and all sounds." Electronic music, for example―made with the aid of computers, synthesizers, and(5)electronic instruments―may include sounds that in the past would not have been consdered musicalEnvironmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated hisses and blips can be recorded, manipulated, and then incorporated into a musical composition.But composers also draw novel sounds from voices and nonelectronic instruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to sing phonetic(10) sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments. A、brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once; a pianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In the music of the Western world, the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved percussion instruments, which outnumber strings and winds in many recent compositions.(15) Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new types of beaters; and instruments that used to be couriered unconvennonal in Western music―tom-toms, bongos, slapsticks, maracas―are widelv use D、 In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music of Microtones. Non-Western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more(20) finely than Western music does, thereby producing a greter number of distinct tones, or micro tones, within the same interval.Composers such as Krzysztof Pmderecki create sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters―closely spaced tones played together and heard as a mass, block, or band of soun D、The directional aspect of sound has taken on new importance as well Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed(25) at opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium. Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations, recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and novel ways of arranging notation on the page. According to the passage, which of the following would be considered traditional elements of Western music A、Microtones B．Tom-toms and bongos C．Pianos D、Hisses |
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| 第3题：Which of the following is the appropriate way to converse properly A、Never look at the speaker straight in the eyes for fear of being impolite. B．It is easier to converse in simple, appropriate language. C．Try to use complex words to show one’s language proficiency. D．Try one’s best to show off in the conversation. |
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| 第4题：Geographers say that what defines a place are four properties: soil, climate, altitude, and aspect, or attitude to the Sun. Florida’’s ancient scrub demonstrates this principle. Its soil is pure silica, so barren it supports only lichens as ground cover.(It does, however, sustain a sand-swimming lizard that cannot live where there is moisture or plant matter (5) the soil.) Its climate, despite more than 50 inches of annual rainfall, is blistering desert plant life it can sustain is only the xerophytic, the quintessentially dry. Its altitude is a mere couple of hundred feet, but it is high ground on a peninsula elsewhere close to sea level, and its drainage is so critical that a difference of inches in elevation can bring major changes in its plant communities. Its aspect is flat, direct, brutal―and subtropical. (10) Florida’’s surrounding lushness cannot impinge on its ’’desert scrubbiness. This does not sound like an attractive place. It does not look much like one either; Shrubby little oaks, clumps of scraggly bushes, prickly pear, thorns, and tangles. "It appear Said one early naturalist," to desire to display the result of the misery through which it has Passed and is passing."By our narrow standards, scrub is not beautiful; neither does it meet (15)our selfish utilitarian needs.Even the name is an epithet, a synonym for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant, what is beautiful about such a place The most important remaining patches of scrub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge, a chain of paleoislands running for a hundred miles down the center of Florida, in most places less than ten miles wide. R is relict seashore, tossed up millions of years ago when ocean levels (20) were higher and the rest of the peninsula was submergeD、That ancient emergence is precisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious: it has remained unsubmerged , its ecosystems essentially undisturbed, since the Miocene er A、As a result, it has gathered to itself one of the largest collections of rare organisms in the worlD、Only about 75 plant species survive there, but at least 30 Of these are found nowhere else onEarth.The word"sustain" in line 6 is closets in meaning to A、select B．strain C．support D．store |
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| 第5题：Reading 1 "Resources and Industrialism inCanada" → While the much-anticipated expansion of the western frontier was unfolding in accordance with the design of the National Policy, a new northern frontier was opening up to enhance the prospects ofCanadian industrial development.  Long the preserve of the fur trade, theCanadian Shield and the westernCordilleras became a treasury of minerals, timber and hydroelectric power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.As early as 1883,CPR [Canadian Pacific Railway] construction crews blasting through the rugged terrain of northern Ontario discovered copper and nickel deposits in the vicinity of Sudbury.  As refining processes, uses, and markets for the metal developed, Sudbury became the world’s largest nickel producer. The building of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway led to the discovery of rich silver deposits aroundCobalt north of Lake Nipissing in 1903 and touched off a mining boom that spread northward to Kirkland Lake and the Porcupine district.  → Fortune-seekers from all parts of the world flocked to the Klondike and Yukon River valleys to pan for gold starting in 1896.At the height of the gold rush in 1898, the previously unsettled subarctic frontier had a population of about 30,000, more than half of which was concentrated in the newly established town ofDawson. In the same year, the federal government created the Yukon Territory, administered by an appointed commissioner, in an effort to ward off the prospect of annexation toAlaskA、Even if the economic significance of the Klondike strike was somewhat exaggerated and short-lived, the tales of sudden riches, heroic and tragic exploits, and the rowdiness and lawlessness of the mining frontier were immortalized through popular fiction and folklore, notably the poetic verses of Robert W. Service. → Perhaps less romantic than the mining booms, the exploitation of forest and water resources was just as vital to national development. TheDouglas fir, spruce, and cedar stands ofBritishColumbia along with the white pine forests of Ontario satisfied construction demands on the treeless prairies as well as in the growing cities and towns of centralCanada and the United States.BritishColumbia’s forests also supplied lumber toAsiA、In addition, the softwood forest wealth of theCordilleras and the Shield was a valuable source of pulpwood for the development of the pulp and paper industry, which madeCanada one of the world’s leading exporters of newsprint. Furthermore, the fast flowing rivers of the Shield andCordilleras could readily be harnessed as sources of hydroelectric power, replacing coal in the booming factories of centralCanada as well as in the evolving mining and pulp and paper industries. The age of electricity under public ownership and control was ushered in by the creation of the Ontario Hydro-Electric PowerCommission (now Ontario Hydro) in 1906 to distribute and eventually to produce this vital source of energy. → Western settlement and the opening of the northern resource frontier stimulated industrial expansion, particularly in centralCanadA、As the National Policy had intended, a growing agricultural population in the West increased the demand for eastern manufactured goods, thereby giving rise to agricultural implements works, iron and steel foundries, machine shops, railway yards, textile mills, boot and shoe factories, and numerous smaller manufacturing enterprises t |
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