| 托福考试易错题（2019/6/12） |
| 第1题：The war for independence fromBritain was a long and economically costly conflict. The NewEngland fishing industry was temporarily destroyed, and the tobacco colonies in the South were also hard hit. The trade in imports was severely affected, since the war was fought against the country that had previously monopolized the colonies’ supply of manufactured goods. The most serious consequences were felt in the cities, whose existence depended on commercial activity.Boston, New York, Philadelphia, andCharleston were all occupied for a time byBritish troops.Even when the troops had left,British ships lurked in the harbors and continued to disrupt trade. American income from shipbuilding and commerce declined abruptly, undermining the entire economy of the urban areas. The decline in trade brought a fall in theAmerican standard of living. Unemployed shipwrights, dock laborers, and coopers drifted off to find work on farms and in small villages. Some of them joined theContinental army, or if they were loyal toBritain, they departed with theBritish forces. The population of the New YorkCity declined from 21,000 in 1774 to less than half that number only nine years later in 1783. The disruptions produced by the fighting of the war, by the loss of established markets for manufactured goods, by the loss of sources of credit, and by the lack of new investment all created a period of economic stagnation that lasted for the next twenty years. Why does the author mention the population of New YorkCity in paragraph 2 A、to show that half of New York remained loyal toBritain B．to compare New York with other cities occupied during the war C、to emphasize the great short-term cost of the war for New York D．to illustrate the percentage of homeless people in New York |
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| 第2题：The largest of the giant gas planets, Jupiter, with a volume 1,300 times greater thanEarth’s, contains more than twice the mass of all the other planets combineD、It is thought to be a gaseous and fluid planet without solid surfaces, Had it been somewhat more massive, Jupiter might have attained internal temperatures as high as the ignition point for nuclear reactions, and it would have flamed as a star in its own right. Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets: they are composed predominantly of such substances as hydrogen, helium, ammonia, and methane, unlike terrestrial planets. Much of Jupiter’s interior might be in the form of liquid, metallic hydrogen, Normally, hydrogen is a gas, but under pressures of millions of kilograms per square centimeter, which exist in the deep interior of Jupiter, the hydrogen atoms might lock together to form a liquid with the properties of a metal. Some scientists believe that the innermost core of Jupiter might be rocky, or metallic like the core ofEarth. Jupiter rotates very fast, once every 9.8 hours.As a result, its clouds, which are composed largely of frozen and liquid ammonia, have been whipped into alternating dark and bright bands that circle the planet at different speeds in different latitudes. Jupiter’s puzzling Great Red Spot changes size as it hovers in the Southern Hemisphere. Scientists speculate it might be a gigantic hurricane, which because of its large size (theEarth could easily fit inside it), lasts for hundreds of years. Jupiter gives off twice as much heat as it receives from the Sun. Perhaps this is primeval heat or beat generated by the continued gravitational contraction of the planet.Another starlike characteristic of Jupiter is its sixteen natural satellites, which, like a miniature model of the Solar System, decrease in density with distance—from rocky moons close to Jupiter to icy moons farther away. If Jupiter were about 70 times more massive, it would have become a star, Jupiter is the best-preserved sample of the early solar nebula, and with its satellites, might contain the most important clues about the origin of the Solar System. The clouds surrounding Jupiter are mostly composed of A、ammonia B、helium C、hydrogen D、methane |
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| 第3题：Because the low latitudes of theEarth, the areas near the equator, receive more heat Than the latitudes near the poles, and because the nature of heat is to expand and move, Heat is transported from the tropics to the middle and high latitudes. Some of this heat isMoved by winds and some by ocean currents, and some gets stored in the atmosphere in(5) the form of latent heat. The term "latent heat" refers to the energy that has to be used to Convert liquid water to water vapor. We know that if we warm a pan of water on a stove, it will evaporate, or turn into vapor, faster than if it is allowed to sit at room temperature. We also know that if we hang wet clothes outside in the summertime they will dry faster than in winter, when temperatures are colder. The energy used in both cases to change (10) liquid water to water vapor is supplied by heat―supplied by the stove in the first case and by the Sun in the latter case. This energy is not lost. It is stored in water vapor in the atmosphere as latent heat.Eventually, the water stored as vapor in the atmosphere will condense to liquid again, and the energy will be released to the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, a large portion of the Sun’’s incoming energy is used to evaporate (15) Water, primarily in the tropical oceans. Scientists have tried to quantify this proportion of the Sun’’s energy.By analyzing temperature, water vapor, and wind data around the globe, they have estimated the quantity to be about 90 watts per square meter, or nearly 30 percent of the Sun’’s energy. Once this latent heat is stored within the atmosphere, it can be transported, primarily to higher latitudes, by prevailing, large-scale winds. Or it (20) can be transported vertically to higher levels in the atmosphere, where it forms clouds and subsequent storms, which then release the energy back to the atmosphere. According to the passage, most ocean water evaporation occurs especially A、around the higher latitudes B．in the tropics C、because of large-scale winds D．because of strong ocean currents |
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| 第4题：Any) state, by (its) own constitutional or legislative action, may eliminate, consolidate, or otherwise (modification) countries and (their) government. |
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| 第5题： Carl Roger's client-centered therapy is now (widely) employed and is among (the most) influential (technique) in modern United States (clinical psychology). A．widely B．the most C．technique D．clinical psychology |
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