托福考试易错题（2019/6/15）

第1题：Glaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or present　　　 movement. They grow by the gradual transformation of snow into glacier ice.　　　 A、fresh snowfall is a fluffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes, small delicate ice　　　 constals grown in the atmosphere.As the snow ages on the ground for weeks or months,(5) the crystals shrink and become more compact, and the whole mass becomes squeezed　　　 together into a more dense form, granular snow.As new snow falls and buries the older　　　 snow, the layers of granular snow further compact to form firm, a much denser kind of　　　 snow, usually a year or more old, which has little pore space. Further burial and slow　　　 cementation―a process by which crystals become bound together in a mosaic of(10)intergrown ice crystals―finally produce solid glacial ice. In this process of　　　 recrystallization, the growth of new crystals at the expense of old ones, the percentage of　　　 air is reduced from about 90 percent for snowflakes to less than 20 percent for glacier ice.　　　 The whole process may take as little as a few years, but more likely ten or twenty years or　　　 longer. The snow is usually many meters deep by the time the lower layers art convened(15)into ice.　　　 In cold glaciers those formed in the coldest regions of theEarth, the entire mass of ice　　　 is at temperatures below the melting point and no free water exists. In temperate glaciers,　　　 the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the glacier, and free water is　　　 present as small drops or as larger accumulations in tunnels within or beneath the ice.(20)Formation of a glacier is complete when ice has accumulated to a thickness (and thus　　　 weight) sufficient to make it move slowly under pressure, in much the same way that solid　　　 rock deep within theEarth can change shape without breaking. Once that point is reached,　　　 the ice flows downhill, either as a tongue of ice filling a valley or as thick ice cap that　　　 flows out in directions from the highest central area where the most snow accumulates.　　　 The up down leads to the eventual melting of ice.The word "it" in line 21 refers to A、formation B．ice C．thickness D．weight

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events,　　anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within 　　a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals　　can be credited with conscious processing.(5) Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at 　　all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswereD、　　One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of 　　nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation 　　of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun’’s position in the sky,(10)and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most 　　researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows 　　no special intelligence.But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the 　　food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging 　　honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would(15)appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the 　　bees circling the spot, waiting for their fooD、No one has yet explained how bees,　　whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the location 　　of the new site. Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many(20)animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the　　natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees　　occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees　　compared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five　　chips and three chips, the other(25)our chips and three chips.Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the　　chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing　　ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.It can be inferred from the statement about mother chimpanzees and their young (lines 21-23) that young chimpanzees have difficulty A、communicating with their mothers B．adding quantities C．making choices D．opening hard nuts

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：

【分析题】：

第4题： Native to South America and cultivated there for thousands of years, the peanut is said to have introduced to North America by early explorers.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：----- they rely on external sources of warmth, amphibians in cool regions hibernate through theWinter A、Because B、By reason of C．Due to D、Since that

【单选题】： A     B     C     D