托福考试易错题（2019/7/9）

第1题：Glaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or present　　　 movement. They grow by the gradual transformation of snow into glacier ice.　　　 A、fresh snowfall is a fluffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes, small delicate ice　　　 constals grown in the atmosphere.As the snow ages on the ground for weeks or months,(5) the crystals shrink and become more compact, and the whole mass becomes squeezed　　　 together into a more dense form, granular snow.As new snow falls and buries the older　　　 snow, the layers of granular snow further compact to form firm, a much denser kind of　　　 snow, usually a year or more old, which has little pore space. Further burial and slow　　　 cementation―a process by which crystals become bound together in a mosaic of(10)intergrown ice crystals―finally produce solid glacial ice. In this process of　　　 recrystallization, the growth of new crystals at the expense of old ones, the percentage of　　　 air is reduced from about 90 percent for snowflakes to less than 20 percent for glacier ice.　　　 The whole process may take as little as a few years, but more likely ten or twenty years or　　　 longer. The snow is usually many meters deep by the time the lower layers art convened(15)into ice.　　　 In cold glaciers those formed in the coldest regions of theEarth, the entire mass of ice　　　 is at temperatures below the melting point and no free water exists. In temperate glaciers,　　　 the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the glacier, and free water is　　　 present as small drops or as larger accumulations in tunnels within or beneath the ice.(20)Formation of a glacier is complete when ice has accumulated to a thickness (and thus　　　 weight) sufficient to make it move slowly under pressure, in much the same way that solid　　　 rock deep within theEarth can change shape without breaking. Once that point is reached,　　　 the ice flows downhill, either as a tongue of ice filling a valley or as thick ice cap that　　　 flows out in directions from the highest central area where the most snow accumulates.　　　 The up down leads to the eventual melting of ice.The word "bound" in line 9 is closest in meaning to A、covered B．chosen C．planned D．held

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

{{B}}Temperature{{/B}}
Three scales of temperature, each of which permits a precise measurement, are in concurrent use: the Fahrenheit,Celsius, and Kelvin scales. These three different temperature scales were each developed by different people and have come to be used in different situations.
The scale that is most widely used by the general public in the United States is the Fahrenheit scale. In 1714,Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a German physicist who was living in Holland and operating an instrument business, developed a mercury-in-glass thermometer and the temperature scale that still carries his name. His original scale had two fixed points: 0°was the lowest temperature that he could achieve in a solution of ice, water, and salt, and 96°was what he believed was the normal temperature of the human body (though this was later determined to be 98.6°).Based on this scale, he calculated that the freezing point (or ice point) of water was 32°; in later studies, it was determined that the boiling point of water (the steam point) was 212°. The Fahrenheit scale came to be accepted as the standard measure of temperature in a number of countries, including GreatBritain, and from there it was spread toBritish colonies throughout the worlD、Today, however, the United States is the only major country in the world that still uses the Fahrenheit scale.
The scale that is in use in many other countries is theCelsius scale.AndersCelsius (1701～1744), a Swedish astronomer, developed a thermometer in 1741 that based temperatures on the freezing and boiling temperatures of water. On the thermometer thatCelsius developed, however, 0°was used to indicate the boiling temperature of water, and 100°was used to indicate the freezing temperature of water.After his death, the scale was reversed by a friend, the biologistCarl von Linne (1707～1748), who achieved acclaim for his development of the Linnean classification system for plants and animals. On the new scale after the reversal by von Linne, 0° indicated the freezing temperature of water, and 100° indicated the boiling temperature of water.
At around the same time thatCelsius and von Linne were working on their thermometer in Sweden, a similar thermometer was being developed in France.
After the French Revolution, the scale developed in France was adopted as part of the metric system in that country under the name centigrade, which means "a hundred units," and from there it spread worldwide.
In 1948, an international agreement was made to rename the centigrade scale theCelsius scale in honor of the scientist who was first known to use a 100-degree scale, though it should be remembered that the scale thatCelsius actually used himself was the reverse of today’s scale.

A、third scale, the Kelvin scale, is generally used today for scientific purposes. This scale was first suggested in 1854 by twoEnglish physicists: William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824～1907) and James Prescott Joule (1818～1889). The Kelvin scale defines 0°as absolute zero, the hypothetical temperature at which all atomic and molecular motion theoretically stops, and 100°separates the freezing point and boiling point of water, just as it does on theCelsius scale. On the Kelvin scale, with 0°equal to absolute zero, water freezes at 273°, and water boils at a temperature 100°higher. The Kelvin scale is well suited to some areas of scientific study because it does not have any negative values, yet it still main

第2题：{{B}}Set 5{{/B}}

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：The meter ofEnglish poetry is determined by accented syllables rather by the quantities of vowels,

【分析题】：

第4题： {$mediaurl} What does the professor mean when she says this: A．Immigrants were required to buy a textbook to learnEnglish. B．Most of the people who used mail-order catalogs were immigrants. C．The Sears catalog taught immigrants aboutAmerican culture. D．People immigrated toAmerica for its economic opportunities.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题： Nineteenth-century United States artist John La Farge wasthe premier interior designer of his time, receiving commissions for church interiors, private houses, and mural. 。

【单选题】： A     B     C     D