托福习题练习

托福考试易错题（2019/7/12）
第1题：It may be argued that genetics, the (study) of heredity and variation, (underwent) the (most rapid) development of any (science biological) in the twentieth century.
A、study
B．underwent
C．most rapid
D．science biological
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第2题：
{{B}}Narrator{{/B}}
Listen to a part of a lecture in an ecology class.


What can be inferred about plants in the hydrologic cycleA．Plants remove excess water from the cycle.
B．Water moves quickly through plants.
C．Plants perform the function of water storage.
D．Plants recycle more water than animals do.
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{{B}}Narrator{{/B}}
Listen to a lecture in the literature class.

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第3题：{{B}}Set 6Biology Lecture{{/B}}

Which of the following statements about Tennessee William is trueA．Both Tennessee William and William Faulkner are playwright.
B．Tennessee William was a major voice who spoke for the troubled people in southernAmericA、
C．Like Faulkner, he once won Nobel Prize for Literature.
D．Tennessee William had to pursue his writing career through difficult times.
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第4题：
DRAMA、INANCIENT GREEC
E、
1Long before the ancient Greeks could read and write, they learned of their history and culture through epic poetry chanted by bards or singers. The bards chanted stories in standard musical phrases that were accompanied by musical instruments such as the lyre, a general name for any of several stringed instruments favored by the bards. The greatest bard, Homer, was a poet, singer and master of the lyre.According to tradition, Homer was a wandering minstrel who traveled from place to place chanting stories of gods and heroes.Another famous poet, singer, and lyre player was Sappho, who started a school for girls, where she taught the arts of music, poetry, and dance.
2Greek civilization reached a golden age during the fifth centuryBC, when politics, philosophy, art, architecture, and theater thrived, as they never had before.As the Greeks took new pride in human achievements, they developed ideals of beauty, order, balance, and moderation throughout their culture, including music and dramA、
3 Early drama was associated with the worship of the godDionysus and was an outgrowth of the choral songs and dances performed in honor of the goD、The famous outdoor Theater ofDionysus inAthens showed the importance of drama to the Greeks. It was situated on a hillside to take advantage of the natural slope and light, and it could accommodate an audience of 30,000 people.A、chorus of singers, dancers, and musicians, led by a singer who stood on steps above them, performed stories that educated and entertained the audience while honoring the goD、
4The crucial innovation that turned choral performance into drama is attributed to Thespis, a poet who is said to have originated tragedy.As the chorus sang the story of a hero or god, Thespis would enter the theater as a masked actor.Between songs, he recited verses as a character in the story, and these spoken verses changed what had been a choral monologue into a dialogue between the actor and the chorus. The legacy of Thespis can be seen in the term "thespian," which now describes anything relating to dramA、
5 Actors of that time wore a large mask made of linen or cork, inside which was a device like a speaking trumpet to amplify the voice. When the actor recited, it was in an exalted monotone, often to the accompaniment of flutes. The chorus enhanced the tragedy with various dances and songs, generally accompanied by the lyre. The actor chanted the lines of the lead character, while the chorus sang the narrative passages. Still, despite the attention the actor received, theChorus and its music continued to dominate dramatic performances with the combined power of singing and dancing.
6Like Thespis, the playwrightAeschylus acted in his own plays, but he added a second masked actor. Now audience attention could be directed to the interplay between the two actors—action and reaction, question and answer, conflict or cooperation—rather than between the actor and chorus.A、later playwright, Sophocles, added a third actor. This made possible not only three-way dramatic scenes but also plays with a large cast of characters, since the masks allowed an actor to play more than one part in different scenes. The addition of actors shifted the focus of drama away from the chorus toward the action and dialogue of the characters.
7Playwrights continued to introduce innovations, but essentially they adhered to prescribed conventions. One of these conventions limited the number of scenes in a play to five. The drama always took place in one location and within a short span of time, sometimes a single day.Another convention reflected the society’s sense of balance and order: bloody deeds rarely took place in front of the audience. Therefore, murders, suicides, and other acts of violence occurred offstage. The Greek concept of moderation is reflected in st
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第5题：Reading 3 "New Women of the IceAge"
The status of women in a society depends in large measure on their role in the economy. The reinterpretation of the Paleolithic past centers on new views of the role of women in the food-foraging economy.Amassing critical and previously overlooked evidence from
and the neighboring site of Pavlov, researchers Olga Softer, JamesAdovasio, andDavid Hyland now propose that human survival there had little to do with men hurling spears at big game animals. Instead, observes Softer, one of the world’s leading authorities on IceAge hunters and gatherers and an archeologist at the University of lllinois inChampaign-Urbana, it depended largely on women, plants, and a technique of hunting previously invisible in the archeological evidence—net hunting. "This is not the image we’ve always had of Upper Paleolithic macho guys out killing animals up close and personal," Softer explains. "Net hunting is communal, and it involves the labor of children and women.And this has lots of implications."
→ Many of these implications make her conservative colleagues cringe because they raise serious questions about the focus of previous studies.European archeologists have long concentrated on analyzing broken stone tools and butchered big-game bones, the most plentiful and best preserved relics of the Upper Paleolithic era (which stretched from 40,000 to 12,000 years ago). From these analyses, researchers have developed theories about how these societies once hunted and gathered fooD、Most researchers ruled out the possibility of women hunters for biological reasons.Adult females, they reasoned, had to devote themselves to breast-feeding and tending infants. "Human babies have always been immature and dependent," says Softer. "If women are the people who are always involved with biological reproduction and the rearing of the young, then that is going to constrain their behavior. They have to provision that chilD、For fathers, provisioning is optional."
→ To test theories about Upper Paleolithic life, researchers looked to ethnography, the scientific description of modern and historical cultural groups. While the lives of modern hunters do not exactly duplicate those of ancient hunters, they supply valuable clues to universal human behavior. In many historical societies, Soffer observes, women played a key part in net hunting, since the technique did not call for brute strength nor did it place young mothers in physical peril.AmongAustralian aborigines, for example. Women as well as men knotted the mesh, laboring for as much as two or three years on a fine net.Among NativeAmerican groups, they helped lay out their handiwork on poles across a valley floor. Then the entire camp joined forces as beaters. Fanning out across the valley, men, women, and children alike shouted and screamed, flushing out game and driving it in the direction of the net. "Everybody and their mother could participate," says Soffer. "Some people were beating, others were screaming or holding the net.And once you got the net on these animals, they were immobilizeD、You didn’t need brute force. You could club them, hit them any old way."
→ People seldom returned home empty-handeD、Researchers living among the net hunting Mbuti in the forests of theCongo report that they capture game every time they lay out their woven traps, scooping up 50 percent of the animals encountereD、"Nets are a far more valued item in their panoply of food-producing things than bows and arrows are," saysAdovasio. So lethal are these traps that the Mbuti generally rack up more meat than they can consume, trading the surplus with neighbors. Other net hunters traditionally smoked or dried their catch and stored it for leaner times.
→
Softer doubts tha
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