托福习题练习
| 托福考试易错题（2019/7/23） |
| 第1题：Listening 2 "LiteratureClass" {$mediaurl} A、She is criticizing the author. B、She is asking the students a question. C、She is preparing to draw a conclusion. D、She is changing the subject. |
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| 第2题： Broadsides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they A．( required a small financial investment and sold quickly B．( were in great demand in European markets C．( were more popular with colonists than chapbooks and pamphlets D．( generally dealt with topics of long-term interest to many colonists |
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| 第3题：Questions 11-22Avicolturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learnedhow to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wilD、They continueto look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.line When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird’s skin to the top portionof the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. Thistemperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction cancontribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirtare cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material.Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottomsections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water.As thewater that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and isheated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubationenvironmentIn artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrotsand incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat theeggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird’s method of naturalincubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks.When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold aftereggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material toact as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the woodenbottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point wherethe embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected fromdirect sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo.Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extremetemperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secureplace to rest. Which of the following is a problem withcommercial incubators A、They lack the natural temperature changesof the outdoors. B．They are unable to heat the eggs evenly C．They do not transfer heat to the egg in thesame way the parent bird does. D．They are expensive to operate. |
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| 第4题：{{B}}Set 4Conversation Oral Report{{/B}} |
B．Meet again to discuss their research
C、Interview people who survived the flu
D．Change the topic of their oral report
| 第5题： Cultural Shock "Culture shock" might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroaD、Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure. Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removeD、He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props has been knocked out from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. "The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel baD、" When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorifieD、All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembereD、It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality. Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. A、[■]Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. B、[■]During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new. C、[■] They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners. D、[■] This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months, depending on circumstances. If one is very important, he or she will be brought to visit the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about goodwill and international friendship. But this mentality does not normally last if the foreign visitor remains abroad and needs to seriously cope with real conditions of life. It is then that the second stage begins, characterized by a hostile and aggressive attitude toward the host country. This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There are house troubles, transportation troubles, shopping troubles, and the fact that people in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles. They help, but they don’t understand your great concern over these difficulties. Therefore, they must be insensitive and unsympathetic to you and your worries. The result, "I just don’t like them." You become aggressive, you band together with others from your country and criticize the host country, its ways, and its people.But this criticism is not an objective appraisal. You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often becomes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as stereotypes. This is a peculiar kind of offensive shorthand which caricatures the host country and its people in a negative manner. The "dollar graspingAmerican" and the "indolent LatinAmerican" are samples of mild forms of stereotypes. The second stage of culture shock is, in a sense, a crisis in the disease. If you come out of it, you leave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown. If visitors succeed in acquiring some knowledge of the language and begin to get around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into the new cultural environment. Visitors s |
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