托福考试易错题(2019/8/27) |
第1题:INTEGRAED、Reasons for the decline ofAmerican burying beetles 阅读文章要点: 1. 杀虫剂的使用; 2. 人类活动破坏了它们的栖息地; 3. 有其他动物竞争食物。 听力逐一反驳:1. 在美国东部使用杀虫剂之前这种甲壳虫的数量就已经下降了;而在美国西部,杀虫剂使用了二三十年其他虫子都没有受到影响,所以不是使用杀虫剂的缘故。 2. 其他甲壳虫的栖息地也减少了,但是数量却没有受到影响,所以和栖息地减少无关。 3. 这种甲壳虫有很灵敏的嗅觉,可以发现食物并且藏起来,并且散发一种很讨厌的味道防止其他动物靠近,所以很容易生存下去。 |
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第2题:Questions 40-50In the years leading up to the First World War, the realist tradition in the United Stateswas given new life within the ranks of the so-calledAshcan School, a term that looselydescribes a group of artists in New York who favored, as the name implies, commonplace subjects, even ones that emphasized the seedy aspects of daily life. In an era when the5 United States was shifting from an agricultural to an industrially based economy, artiststurned to the vitality of the city for their themes, sometimes documenting the lives of thenation’s urban inhabitants with a literalness that shocked viewers accustomed to the blandgeneralizations of academic art. Thus, the first modernAmerican revolution in painting inthe early twentieth century was not away from, but toward, realism.The developments toward realism and new pictorial subject matter introduced by this revolution are explained in part by the fact that the academic spirit had become anathemato many young painters by the beginning of the twentieth century, when the professionalsurvival of an artist was largely contingent on membership in the NationalAcademy ofDesign, theAmerican equivalent of the FrenchAcademy ofAits. The NationalAcademyofDesign perpetuated the Traditions of ftp FrenchAcademy, such as annual juried exhibitions.Although it merged with the more tolerant Society ofAmericanArtists in1907, it remained steadfastly intolerant of new developments.At the same time, important venues in New York, particularlyAlfred Stteglitz’s galleryknown as 291 and* in 1913, the gigantic exhibition of modern art known as theArmory20 Show, introducedEuropean modernists toAmerican audiences and nurtured a numberofAmerican artists committed not to realism but to experimental artDuring the 1930’s,the country’s focus turned inward, giving rise to new varieties of realist art based onintrinsicallyAmerican themes. These were practiced by the so-called Regionalists, whorecorded the rural lire of the Midwest, and the more politically engaged Social Realists,who documented the social consequences of extreme economic change.Also a fertileperiod forAmerican photography, the era before the Second World War witnessed the development of photojournalism, as well as social documentary and advertising photography. The word "perpetuated" in line 15 is closest in meaning to A、started B.influenced C.continued D. changed |
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第3题: Energy from Natural Gas 1. Much of the world gets its energy from fossil fuel sources, including coal, oil, and natural gas, all of which were created millions of years ago.The process began with dead plant and animal matter that collected and over time was buried deep within the earth. There, exposed to extreme pressure and temperatures, the carbon-based material underwent various chemical and physical changes. Some of it became coal, some oil, and some natural gas, depending on the exact conditions it was subjected to. 2. Natural gas is both invisible and odorless.During the first century of the fossil fuel era, it was disregarded as a worthless byproduct of coal and oil. However, people later discovered that it could also be a useful source of energy, and they set about trying to realize its potential. Its use began to grow in the twentieth century and has increased rapidly within the last 40 years. Nowadays, natural gas is employed all over the world to heat homes, generate electricity, power factories, and even fuel vehicles. 3.Because it was created through the same process as other fossil fuels, natural gas can often be retrieved from oil fields, something known as an associated source.Coal beds have similarly been known to yield natural gas. In addition, there are isolated deposits containing only gas that are referred to as non-associated sources. To access a subterranean natural gas pocket, a hole is drilled down into it, just as in oil extraction. However, due to the gas’s lightness, it will rise to the surface on its own instead of having to be pumped out. 4. The compound we know as natural gas is actually a composite of several different substances, the primary one being methane gas.Each deposit has a unique makeup, but other common components of natural gas include propane, butane, and sulfur.Borrowing terms used in the description of oil, natural gas with a high sulfur content is called "sour" while that with a low content is referred to as "sweet" Regardless of the exact composition, natural gas must be refined to remove its impurities; when ready for use, it is nearly pure methane. 5. Natural gas offers many advantages as a fuel source, the first and most important being that it is extremely clean burning. While oil and coal both have complex molecular structures, methane’s is simple: one carbon atom surrounded by four atoms of hydrogen. The lack of excess particles translates into fewer waste byproducts during combustion. For example, all fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide when burned, but natural gas releases substantially less carbon dioxide than other fuels. Given the major role of carbon dioxide in the acceleration of global warming, this is an important attribute. In addition, natural gas emits far less nitrogen and sulfur, which are key contributors to the smog that pollutes the air in metropolitan areas, as well as acid rain. 6. The benefits of natural gas extend far beyond its cleanliness. Since it contains fewer waste particles, its energy can be acquired with much more efficiency than that of the other fossil fuels, meaning a lower overall cost for the consumer. ![]() ![]() 7. Of |
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第4题: A、She’’d prefer to go to a different restaurant B.She’’ll join the man for dinner C.She has been to the restaurant before D.The man should order spaghetti at the restaurant |
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第5题:In the early 1900’s,AlbertEinstein showed---, under special circumstances, matter and energy can be converted into one another. A、in which B.that C.what D.there are |
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