ROAD、BUILDINGAND、TH
E、AUTOMOBILE
1 Car registrations in the United States rose from one million in 1913 to ten million in 1923.By 1927,Americans were driving some twenty-six million automobiles, one car for every five people in the country.Automobile sales in the state of Michigan outnumbered those in GreatBritain and Ireland combineD、For the first time in history, more people lived in cities than on farms, and they were migrating to the city by automobile.
2The automobile was everyAmerican’s idea of freedom, and the construction of hard- surface roads was one of the largest items of government expenditure, often at great cost to everything else. The growth of roads and the automobile industry made cars the lifeblood of the petroleum industry and a major consumer of steel. The automobile caused expansions in outdoor recreation, tourism, and related industries--service stations, roadside restaurants, and motels.After 1945, the automobile industry reached new heights, and new roads led out of the city to the suburbs, where two-car families transported children to new schools and shopping malls.
3In 1956Congress passed the Interstate HighwayAct, the peak of a half-century of frenzied road building at government expense and the largest public works program in history. The result was a network of federally subsidized highways connecting major urban centers. The interstate highways stretchedAmerican mobility to new distances, and two-hour commutes, traffic jams, polluted cities, andDisneyland became standard features of life. Like almost everything else in the 1950s, the construction of interstate highways was justified as a national defense measure.
4The federal government guaranteed the predominance of private transportation. Since the 1950s, 75 percent of federal funds for transportation has been spent on highways, while a scant one percent has gone to buses, trains, or subways.Even before the interstate highway system was built, theAmerican bias was clear, which is why the United States has the world’s best road system and nearly its worst public transit system.
According to the passage, the growth in the number of cars had a positive impact on all of the followingEXCEPTA．tourism

B、service stations
C．subway systems
D．shopping malls

THE、ORIGIN OF THE、UNIVERSE
1 Astronomers believe that the universe began with a large, dense mass of gas consisting mainly of hydrogen, the simplest of all the naturally occurring chemical elements. The mass of hydrogen was very hot and caused intense light and much expanding motion.As the universe expanded, its light became dimmer, yet even now some of the primeval light may be present.
2 The original universe underwent a physical transition that gradually differentiated it into galaxies, stars, and planets.As the original mass of gas expanded and cooled, large clouds separated themselves from the parent mass. Gravity played an important role in this mechanism. Matter is subject to gravity, yet matter is also the cause of gravity since it is matter’s mass that determines the strength of the gravitational force.
3 Scientists believe that the original mass of gas in the universe was not completely uniform, and there were some regions that were slightly denser and capable of generating stronger gravitational fields than others. Since gravity tends to pull matter together, the denser regions tended to become even more compact. Thus, small variations in the original mass evolved into denser clouds that gradually separated from the expanding parent mass. From these clouds, the galaxies were formeD、
4 At the end of the first phase of the universe, a great number of huge clouds had become separate entities that could start their own independent evolution. These turbulent clouds-- ancient galaxies-contained variations that grew in importance over time. The clouds divided into smaller and smaller "cloudlets" that gravity caused to contract. The increase in pressure from this contraction caused the temperature to rise until the cloudlets began to glow as individual, luminous stars.
5 Astronomers believe that the earliest galaxies were small when they formed most of their stars, but accumulated most of their mass later through collisions. Large galaxies formed in stages as smaller galaxies were attracted to one another by gravity.As the smaller galaxies were pulled together over time, they merged into larger and larger structures, eventually forming massive galaxies.As many as half of all galaxies are thought to have been involved in some sort of collision.
The word uniform in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA．suitable
B．unusual
C．consistent
D．filled