托福考试易错题（2019/9/7）

{{B}}Overcoming the LanguageBarrier{{/B}}
The discovery that language can be a barrier to communication is quickly made by all who travel, study, govern or sell. Whether the activity is tourism, research, government, policing, business, or data dissemination, the lack of a common language can severely impede progress or can halt it altogether. "Common language" here usually means a foreign language, but the same point applies in principle to any encounter with unfamiliar dialects or styles within a single language. "They don’t talk the same language" has a major metaphorrical meaning alongside its literal one.
Although communication problems of this kind must happen thousands of times each day, very few become public knowledge. Publicity comes only when a failure to communicate has major consequences, such as strike, lost orders, legal problems, or fatal accidents- even, at times, war. One reported instance of communication failure took place in 1970, when severalAmericans ate a species of poisonous mushroom. No remedy was known, and two of the people died within days.A、radio report of the case was heard by a chemist who knew of a treatment that had been successfully used in 1959 and published in 1963. Why had theAmerican doctors not heard of it seven years later Presumably because the report of the treatment had been published only in journals written inEuropean languages other thanEnglish.

But isolated examples do not give an impression of the size of the problem ——something that can come only from studies of the use or avoidance of foreign-language materials and contacts in different communicative situations.
In theEnglish-scientific world, for example, surveys of books and documents consulted in libraries and other information agencies have shown that very little foreign-language material is ever consulteD、
Library requests in the field of science and technology showed that only 13 per cent were for foreign language periodicals.
Studies of the sources cited in publications lead to a similar conclusion: the use of foreign-language sources is often found to be as low as 10 per cent.
The language barrier presents itself in stark form to form who wish to market their products in other countries.British industry, in particular, has in recent decades often been criticized for its linguistic insularity-- for its assumption that foreign buyers will be happy to communicate inEngl

第1题： {{B}}Reading SectionDirections{{/B}} In this section you will read five passages and answer reading comprehension questions about each passage. Most questions are worth one point, but the last question in each set is worth more than one point. The directions indicate how many points you may receive. You will have 60 minutes to read all of the passages and answer the questions. Some passages include a word or phrase that is underlined in blue.Click on the word or phrase to see a definition or an explanation. When you want to move on to the next question, click on Next. You can skip questions and go back to them later as long as there is time remaining. If you want to return to previous questions, click onBack. You can click on Review at any time and the review screen will show you which question you have answered and which you have not. From this review screen, you may go directly to any question you have already seen in the reading section. When you are ready to continue, click on theContinue icon. {{B}}Set 1{{/B}}

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：Glaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or present　　　 movement. They grow by the gradual transformation of snow into glacier ice.　　　 A、fresh snowfall is a fluffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes, small delicate ice　　　 constals grown in the atmosphere.As the snow ages on the ground for weeks or months,(5) the crystals shrink and become more compact, and the whole mass becomes squeezed　　　 together into a more dense form, granular snow.As new snow falls and buries the older　　　 snow, the layers of granular snow further compact to form firm, a much denser kind of　　　 snow, usually a year or more old, which has little pore space. Further burial and slow　　　 cementation―a process by which crystals become bound together in a mosaic of(10)intergrown ice crystals―finally produce solid glacial ice. In this process of　　　 recrystallization, the growth of new crystals at the expense of old ones, the percentage of　　　 air is reduced from about 90 percent for snowflakes to less than 20 percent for glacier ice.　　　 The whole process may take as little as a few years, but more likely ten or twenty years or　　　 longer. The snow is usually many meters deep by the time the lower layers art convened(15)into ice.　　　 In cold glaciers those formed in the coldest regions of theEarth, the entire mass of ice　　　 is at temperatures below the melting point and no free water exists. In temperate glaciers,　　　 the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the glacier, and free water is　　　 present as small drops or as larger accumulations in tunnels within or beneath the ice.(20)Formation of a glacier is complete when ice has accumulated to a thickness (and thus　　　 weight) sufficient to make it move slowly under pressure, in much the same way that solid　　　 rock deep within theEarth can change shape without breaking. Once that point is reached,　　　 the ice flows downhill, either as a tongue of ice filling a valley or as thick ice cap that　　　 flows out in directions from the highest central area where the most snow accumulates.　　　 The up down leads to the eventual melting of ice.What is the purpose of the material in paragraph three (lines 16-19) A、To define two types of glaciers B．To contrast glacier ice with non-glacier ice C．To present theories of glacier formation D．To discuss the similarities between glacial types

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：With the exception of gold, silver is most malleable and ductile of all metals. A、 B、 C、 D

【分析题】：

第4题：The constitution of New Hampshire, ( a) second (oldest) among (those)of the fifty states, (was) adopted in 1784. A、a B．oldest C．those D．was

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：Listening 2 "LiteratureClass" {$mediaurl} What is the discussion mainly about A、The life of author Jonathan Swift B、A、narrative of the fourth voyage of Gulliver C、A、description of the Houyhnhnms D、The literature of the 1700s

【单选题】： A     B     C     D