LANGSTON HUGHES
1 Among the many talentedAfricanAmerican writers connected with the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and 1930s, Langston Hughes was the most popular in his time. His two most important achievements were the incorporation of the rhythms of black music into his poetry and the creation of an authentic black folk speaker in the character of JesseB、Semple. Through both poetry and storytelling, Hughes captured in written form the dominant oral and improvisatory traditions of black culture.
2Langston Hughes was born in Missouri in 1902. He began to write poetry in high school and later attendedColumbia University in New York.After one year at university, Hughes commenced a nomadic life in the United States andEurope. He shipped out as a merchant marine and worked in a Paris nightclub, all the while writing and publishing poetry. His prolific literary career was launched in 1926 with the publication of his first book, The WearyBlues, a collection of poems onAfricanAmerican themes set to rhythms from jazz and blues. His first novel appeared in 1930, and from that point on Hughes was known as "the bard of Harlem."
3In the activist 1930s, Hughes was a public figure. He worked as a journalist, published works in several media, and foundedAfricanAmerican theaters in New York,Chicago, and LosAngeles. Hughes’s concern with race, mainly in an urban setting, is evident in his poetry, plays, screenplays, novels, and short stories. His poetry includes lyrics about black life and black pride as well as poems of racial protest. His major prose writings are those concerned with the character JesseB、Semple, a shrewd but supposedly ignorant Harlem resident nicknamed Simple. Simple was a wise fool, an honest man who saw through sham and spoke plainly. The Simple stories were originally published as newspaper sketches and later collected in five book volumes.
4 By the 1960s, readers preferred themes that reflected the struggles of the times, and Hughes’s writings were overshadowed by those of a younger generation of black poets. However, in more recent decades, scholars and readers have rediscovered Hughes and regard him as a major literary and social influence. His poetry and stories remain an enduring legacy of the Harlem Renaissance, and for this reason his position in theAmerican canon is secure.
It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the Harlem Renaissance is the name of
A、a university
B、a literary movement
C、a newspaper
D、a book of poems

Iodine and Goiter
Iodine is a well-known example of a trace mineral whose lack in the body creates an easily treated disease. When the thyroid gland is not supplied with sufficient iodine to manufacture hormones, it enlarges and forms a goiter or swelling of the neck.At the same time other symptoms, such as fatigue and sluggishness, weight gain, coldness of the body, and depression, may occur.
In the United States goiter was first noted in the Great Lakes region, where in the 1930s, as many as 40 percent of the people in some areas had goiter, due mainly to iodine-deficient soil. This scarcity had been caused by ice age glaciers melting and washing the iodine out of the soil.
The inhabitants of mountainous regions ofEurope had suffered from iodine deficiency for centuries for similar reasons.
It was discovered in the alpine region of Switzerland in the nineteenth century that in areas in which the drinking water contained less than 0.5 micrograms of iodine per liter there was a high incidence of goiter.
In contrast to mountainous or inland regions, areas by oceans or in the vicinity of ocean breezes usually contain enough iodine to prevent this affliction.
As a fairly accurate rule of thumb, if a map is drawn showing the parts of the world where the water supply is deficient in iodine and then superimposed on a map showing the areas where the inhabitants suffer from goiter, the two mapped areas coincide.
To understand how iodine deficiency leads to goiter, it is necessary to look at the underlying physiology of the thyroid glanD、The human thyroid gland is the only place in the body where iodine is stored, and it requires a daily supply of about 150 micrograms of iodine entering the body. When food or water is digested, the iodine it contains is either taken up by the thyroid or eliminated from the body through the kidneys into the urine. When supplies are low, the kidneys still eliminate iodine from the body so the capacity of the thyroid to preserve an adequate supply of raw material is threateneD、
The thyroid gland consists of thousands of balls of cells, called thyroid vesicles, which enclose a space filled with a jellylike protein called thyroglobulin. These cells have an extraordinary ability to trap iodine from the bloodstream, and the efficiency of this trap can be increased if the amount of iodine in the blood circulation decreases. Once the iodine is trapped by the thyroid vesicles it passes into the thyroglobulin, where the actual manufacture of two kinds of thyroid hormones takes place. The hormones are stored here until they travel back through the thyroid vesicles to enter the bloodstream. The thyroid hormones are then taken to every part of the body where they influence the rate at which the chemical processes of every cell proceeD、They have a pervasive effect on the control of oxygen consumption and heat production of the whole body, and they are essential to the healthy growth of body and minD、
The thyroid tries to keep constant the amount of circulating thyroid hormone entering the cells of the body. When iodine supplies are low, the pituitary gland, a small pea-sized gland at the base of the brain, secretes a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that in turn regulates the power of the thyroid to trap iodine and increase the output of the thyroiD、If the thyroid is continually stimulated by TSH, the cells get larger and eventually the whole gland enlarges with an increase in the number of its cells. The thyroid may have many temporary crises where iodine supplies are not adequate and where swelling in induced unde

TheDigitalDivide
TheChallenge of Technology andEquity
Information technology is influencing the way many of us live and work today. We use the Internet to look and apply for jobs, shop, conduct research, make airline reservations, and explore areas of interest. We use email and the Internet to communicate instantaneously with friends and business associates around the worlD、Computers are commonplace in homes and the workplace.
Although the number of internet users is growing exponentially each year, most of the world’s population does not have access to computers or the Internet. Only 6 percent of the population in developing countries are connected to telephones.Although more than 94 percent of U.S. households have telephones, only 42 percent have personal computers at home and 26 percent have Internet access. The lack of what most of us would consider a basic communications necessity--the telephone--does not occur just in developing nations. On some nativeAmerican reservations only 60 percent of the residents have a telephone. The move to wireless connections may eliminate the need for telephone lines, but it does not remove the barrier to equipment costs.
Who has Internet access Fifty percent of the children in urban households with an income over $ 75,000 have Internet access, compared with 2 percent of the children in low-income, rural households. Nearly half of college-educated people have Internet access, compared to 6 percent of those with only some high school education. Forty percent of households with two parents have access; 15 percent of female, single-parent households do. Thirty percent of white households, 11 percent of black households, and 13 percent of Hispanic households have access. Teens and children are the two fastest-growing segments of Internet users. The digital divide between the populations who have access to the Internet and information technology tools is based on income, race, education, household type, and geographic location. Only 16 percent of the rural poor, rural and central city minorities, young householders, and single-parent female households are connecteD、
Another problem that exacerbates these disparities is thatAfrican-Americans, Hispanics, and nativeAmericans hold few of the jobs in information technology. Women hold about 20 percent of these jobs and are receiving fewer than 30 percent of the computer science degrees. The result is that women and members of the most oppressed ethnic groups are not eligible for the jobs with the highest salaries at graduation.Baccalaureate candidates with degrees in computer science were offered the highest salaries of all new college graduates in 1998 at $ 44,949.
Do similar disparities exist in schools
More than 90 percent of all schools in the country are wired with at least one Internet connection.
The number of classrooms with Internet connections differs by the income level of students. Using the percentage of students who are eligible for free lunches at a school to determine income level, we see that nearly twice as many of the schools with more affluent students have wired classrooms as those with high concentrations of low-income students.

Access to computers and the Internet will be important in reducing disparities between groups.
It will require greater equality across diverse groups whose members develop knowledge and skills in computer and information technologies. If computers and the Internet are to be used to promote equality, they will have to become accessible to populations that cannot currently afford the equipment whi

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