托福考试易错题（2019/10/18）

第1题：In 1972, a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removeD、 The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic andAtmosphericAdministration, a branch of the United StatesDepartment ofCommerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than I square kilometer) FagateleBayNational Marine Sanctuary inAmerican Samoa to the MontereyBay National MarineSanctuary inCalifornia, extending over 15,744 square kilometers. The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species. Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The NationalEstuarine Research Reserve System, managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves, and preserves. Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of theCarbbean SeA、Others rangefrom the well-knownAustralian GreatBarrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems.As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas. whether as sanctuaries, parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity. The passage mentions the MontereyBay National Marine Sanctuary (lines 13-14) as an example of a sanctuary that A、is not well know B、covers a large area C、is smaller than the FagateleBay National Marine Sanctuary D、was not originally proposed for sanctuary status

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：During first ten years of the Space Age, which began in 1957, more than500 artificial satellites were rocketed into orbit around the Earth.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：When the USC、authorized a postal service in 1789, ___ 75 local offices. A、the nation having B．has the nation C．the nation had D．for the nation to have

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

{{B}}President Hoover’s PoliticsDuring the GreatDepression{{/B}}
At first everything seemed fine and dandy.America was enjoying one of the biggest economic surges in the nation’s history. However, even thoughAmerica benefited from the economic boom of the so called "Roaring Twenties", the imbalance between the rich and the poor combined with the production of more and more goods and rising personal debt caused one of the biggest recessions in history. OnBlack Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the stock market crashed, triggering the GreatDepression, which was the worst economic collapse in the history of the modem, industrial worlD、It spread from the United States and rippled out to the rest of the world, with banks failing and businesses going bust for over a span of a decade, leaving more than a quarter of the working force inAmerica without jobs.
President Herbert Hoover, underestimating the seriousness of the crisis, called it "a passing incident in our national lives," and assuredAmericans that it would be over within two months. Hoover did not think that the federal government should offer relief to the poverty-stricken population because he firmly believed in individualism. Focusing on economic programs to help finance businesses and banks, Hoover met with resistance from business executives who preferred to lay off workers.Blamed by many for the GreatDepression, Hoover was widely ridiculeD、
Hoover’s economy was put to the test with the onset of the GreatDepression in 1929. It was his vocal stance on non-intervention that led toDemocratic criticism that Hoover was a "sitting duck" president; on the other hand, his more pro-free market opponents also denied he was a laissez-faire president and condemned him for being an interventionist. Hoover tried to restore confidence with a series of speeches but his weak speaking style hampered these efforts. The biggest problem was that his predictions of an upturn just around the comer never materializeD、His promises were not delivered and he lost a lot of the public’s confidence.
Together, the government and businesses actually spent more in the first half of 1930 than the previous year; yet frightened consumers cut back their expenditures by ten percent.A、severe drought ravaged the agricultural heartland beginning in the summer of 1930, while foreign banks declared bankruptcy, draining U.S. wealth and destroying world trade. The combination of these factors caused a downward spiral: as earning fell, domestic banks collapsed, and mortgages were called in. Hoover’s hold-the- line policy in wages lasted little more than a year. Unemployment soared from five million in 1930 to over eleven million in 1931, causing this sharp recession to become the GreatDepression.
In 1930, Hoover reluctantly signed the Smoot-Hawley TariffAct, which raised tariffs on over 20,000 dutiable items. The Tariff, combined with the 1932 RevenueAct, which hiked taxes and fees across the board, is often blamed for deepening the economic depression, and is considered by some to be Hoover’s biggest political mistakes. Moreover, the Federal Reserve System’s tightening of the money supply is also regarded by most modem economists as a mistaken tactic, under the circumstances.
In order to cover the expenses of these government programs, Hoover agreed to one of the largest tax increases inAmerican history.
The RevenueAct of 1932 raised taxes on the highest incomes from 25% to 63%, while the estate tax was doubled, and corporate taxes were raised by almost 15%.
Also, a "check tax" was inclu

第4题：{{B}}Set 5{{/B}}

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题： (Painters) have been portraying the sea (for centuries), and in the United States a rich (tradition) of marine painting (been developed) during the nineteenth century. A．Painters B．for centuries C．tradition D．been developed

【单选题】： A     B     C     D