托福习题练习
| 托福考试易错题（2019/11/1） |
| 第1题：Shirley, (the) firstAfricanAmerican female (member of) the US, unsuccessfully (sought) theDemocratic (nominate) for president in 1972. |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第2题：{{B}}Set 3{{/B}} One of the most striking personalities in the development of early-twentieth century architecture was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867- 1959). Wright attended the University of Wisconsin in Madison before moving toChicago, where he eventually joined the firm headed by Louis Sullivan. Wright set out to create "architecture of democracy".Early influences were the volumetric shapes in a set of educational blocks the German educator Friedrich Froebel designed, the organic unity of a Japanese building Wright saw at theColumbianExposition inChicago in 1893, and a Jeffersonian belief in individualism and populism.Always a believer in architecture as "natural" and "organic", Wright saw it as serving free individuals who have the right to move within a free space, envisioned as a nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially with its natural surroundings. He sought to develop an organic unity of planning, structure, materials, and site. Wright identified the principle of continuity as fundamental to understanding his view of organic unity: "Classic architecture was all fixations. Now why not let walls, ceilings, floors become seen as component parts of each other This ideal, profound in its architectural implications I called continuity." Wright manifested his vigorous originality early, and by 1900 he had arrived at a style and entirely started his own. In his work during the first decade of the twentieth century, his cross-axial plan and his fabric of continuous roof planes and screens defined a new domestic architecture. Wright fully expressed these elements and concepts in Robie House, built between 1907 and 1909. Like other buildings in theChicago area he designed at about the same time, this was called a prairie house. Wright conceived the long, sweeping ground-hugging lines, unconfined by abrupt wall limits, as reaching out toward and capturing the expansiveness of the place great flatlands. Starting abandoning all symmetry, the architect eliminated a facade, extended the roofs far beyond the walls, and all but concealed the entrance. Wright filled the "wandering" plan of the Robie House with intricately joined spaces (some large and open, others closed), grouped freely around a great central fireplace.  (He believed strongly in the hearth’s age-old domestic significance.) Wright designed enclosed patios, overhanging roofs, and strip windows to provide unexpected light sources and glimpses of the outdoors as people move through the interior space. These elements, together with the open ground plan, create a sense of space-inmotion inside and out.  The Robie House is a good example of Wright’s "naturalism", his adjusting of a building to its site. However, in this particular case, the confines of the city lot constrained the building-to-site relationship more than did the sites of some of Wright’s more expansive suburban and country homes. The Kaufmann House, nicknameed "Falling water" and designed as a weekend retreat atBear Run near Pittsburgh is a start prime example of the latter. Perched on a rocky hillside over a small waterfall, this structure extends the 【单选题】： | |
| 第3题：What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory ensocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the grounD、Eusocial refers to a form(5) of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals. Under most circumstances groups of workers arc better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back(10)again swiftly and according to neeD、When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals.Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second(15)larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish. for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larv A、Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a senes directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has bees some(20)documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few. What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites A、live above ground B．are eusocial C．protect their nests D．eat almost no animal substances |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第4题： by the United States government’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs. A. To prepare B. As it prepared C. When preparation D. Prepared |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第5题： Air Pollution andAcid Rain The increasing variety and prevalence of pollution presents the world with many extremely daunting problems, air pollution in particular ranks among the most serious. In the following text, air pollution and acid rain caused by automobiles will be discusseD、Certain solutions to the problem will be provided in the conclusion. It is widely known that cars are the main cause of air pollution in cities, accounting for 60% to 90% of all air pollution. This will get worse as the number of cars increases in urban areas. How do cars cause air pollution First we must examine how a car works. There’s a mixture of petrol in the car’s internal combustion engine which create the force for the automobile to move. Unfortunately, in this process there are some poisonous chemicals which remain; these poisonous chemicals mainly come out of the car through the exhaust, it’s not just what comes out of the car exhaust that is dangerous, the brake system also causes pollution.Brakes on cars release asbestos, it is a highly dangerous substance and it can kill humans.Also, the tires themselves give off small rubber particles which are not very healthy. Acid rain caused by air pollution has strongly influenced people’s lives. It is almost impossible to describe the mathematical relationship between what goes up as pollutant emissions and what comes down as acid rain. However, we do know the primary source of acid rain is the pollution released by power plants. The pollutants combine with moisture in the atmosphere and then fall as an acid rain. Germans often call it royal water, because it can break down golD、 The royal water falls in the form of rain or snow on the GermanBlack Forest and attacks the soil. Microorganisms within the soil perish and metals harmful to trees like aluminum leak into the grounD、At the same time, the acid rain attacks the trees’ leaves and dissolves their waxy coating. The leaves then shrivel and die.About one in every ten trees in theBlack Forest is a fir. 76% of all firs in theBlack Forest are dying. 41% of all spruce are diseased, 43% of all pine are diseased, 26% of beech trees and 16% of all other trees are dying.Environmental groups like Green Peace campaign aroundEurope trying to stop the causes of acid rain. We need to find solutions to this problem. First, we should try and discourage the overuse of cars. We could do this by raising taxes on petrol or by making cars more expensive. Second, we can encourage alternative methods of transportation. For example, in Shanghai recently, a subway has been built underground, which takes some of the pressure off the roads. Some people would rather use the underground than drive their cars. Next, we could develop and use cleaner fuels instead of petrol. For example, we might use natural gas in the future or we might experiment with battery powered cars. Finally, the actual by-products of vehicle emissions must be manageD、 A、[■] Scientists and engineers are now trying to use mechanical means for reducing the amount of chemicals that are emitted from cars’ exhaust pipes. B、[■] Germany is now leading the way in attacking this part of the problem. C、[■] In order to clean up motor vehicle emissions, all new cars in Germany must now meet new emission standards and be fitted with a device called a catalytic converter. D、[■] This is a device that is fixed over the exhaust and controls the carbon monoxide and other dangerous chemicals that cars give off. Like Germany, the United States also introduced strict clean air-controls on motor vehicle emissions in the mid-70s as part of their efforts to reduce acid rain. It’s unlikely that any one of these solutions will work on its own. It will take a combination of all four of these solutions to help solve the air pollution problem. In Paragraph 3, the autho |
| 【单选题】： |