【单选题】 Some seeds are viable, or capable of growing into healthy plants, for only a few days after fallfrom the parent tree.
【单选题】Country musiC
A、CommErCiAl oFFshoot oF thE Folk musiC oF thE rurAl south, Country musiC is AnAmEriCAn Art Form thAt gAinED worlDwiDE AppEAl AFtEr worlD wAr ⅱ. originAlly known As hillBilly or mountAin musiC, Country musiC grEw From thE Folk musiC thAt wAs Brought to northAmEriCA ByAnglo-CEltiC sEttlErs in thE 1700s AnD 1800s. thE musiC ChAngED As it CAmE in ContACt with EthniC musiC--ACADiAnCAjun) in louisiAnA, lAtin in thE southwEst,AFriCAn throughout muCh oF thE south--AnD suCh populAr musiC As thAt FounD in vAuDEvillE, minstrEl shows, AnD hAwAiiAn tEnt shows. it wAs Also CAllED Country AnD wEstErn musiC BECAusE oF its populArity with CowBoys.
trADitionAlly Country musiCiAns hAvE BEEn most proFiCiEnt on stringED instrumEnts. thE violin, or FiDDlE, wAs thE most populAr instrumEnt on thE FrontiEr BECAusE oF its EAsy portABility. to this DAy FiDDlE ContEsts rEmAin A FEAturE oF thE Country musiC sCEnE. thE BAnjo wAs ADAptED From thEAFriCAnAmEriCAn CulturE, AnD thE FivE-siring moDEl is now univErsAlly populAr Among pErFormErs oF thE stylE known As BluEgrAss. thE guitAr hAs long BEEn A stAplE oF Country musiC BAnDs AnD singErs. string BAss AnD hAwAiiAn guitAr hAvE BEEn usED sinCE thE 1920s, AnD thEir moDErn DEsCEnDAnts ArE thE ElECtriC BAss AnD thE pEDAl stEEl guitAr.Drums, piAnos, AnD ElECtriFiED instrumEnts, usED As EArly As thE 1930s By wEstErn swing BAnDs, ArE hEArD on Country rECorDings From thE 1950s.
in 1922 rADio stAtions wBAp in Fort worth, tEx. , AnD wsB、inAtlAntA, gA、, BroADCAst shows CAllED BArn DAnCEs, moDElED AFtEr thE inFormAl soCiAl DAnCing oF thE FrontiEr.ChiCAgo’s wls stArtED whAt BECAmE thE nAtionAlBArnDAnCE in 1924, AnD wsm in nAshvillE, tEnn., BEgAn itsBArnDAnCE in novEmBEr 1925, just onE month AFtEr going on thE Air. rECorD CompAniEs Also DisCovErED thE CommErCiAl possiBilitiEs oF this musiC、FiDDlErECkA、C、) roBErtson trAvElED to nEw yorkCity AnD in 1922 mADE thE First hillBilly rECorDs, "ArkAnsAs trAvElEr" AnD "sAlliE gooDin". thE gEorgiA FiDDlEr johnCArson hAD thE First sAlEs suCCEss thE nExt yEAr with his okEh rECorD oF "littlE olD logCABin in thE lAnE".A、tExAs nAtivE who ACtuAlly hAD voiCE trAining AnD light opErA ExpEriEnCE, vErnonDAlhArt (his rEAl nAmE wAs mArion slAughtEr) solD millions oF rECorDs in thE 1920s For DozEns oF DiFFErEnt CompAniEs. his First Big sEllErs wErE "thE prisonEr’s song" AnD "thE wrECk oF thE olD 97" For viCtor in 1924. in 1927 jimmiE roDgErs, originAlly A yoDElEr, mADE his First rECorDings.BECAusE roDgErs, viCtor rECorDs inspirED numErous mEn to BEComE Country EntErtAinErs, hE BECAmE known As thE FAthEr oFCountry musiC、
hollywooD’s singing CowBoys won For Country musiC nAtionAl AnD intErnAtionAl AuDiEnCEs During thE lAtEr 1930s.EvEn though rECorD sAlEs For Country AnD othEr typEs oF musiC slippED During thE grEAtDEprEssion, rADio ContinuED to BroADCAst A lArgE ArrAy oF livE Country musiC tAlEnt, usuAlly in thE EArly morning, noon, or lAtE night hours. nEw BArn DAnCEs wErE hEArD on thE AirwAvEs, AnD two oF thE loCAl shows gAinED nEtwork rADio AuDiEnCEs During thE 1930s.
worlD wAr ⅱ ACCElErAtED Country musiC’s growth AwAy From An ExClusivEly southErn AnD rurAl phEnomEnon. southErn sErviCEmEn took thE musiC with thEm to FAr-Flung pArts oF thE nAtion AnD thE worlD, whilE CiviliAn DEFEnsE workErs From thE south Brought thEir lovE oF thE musiC into thE vArious CEntErs oF wAr proDuCtion.
thE postwAr yEArs Brought A nEwFounD nAtionAl prospErity, whiCh BoostED Country musiC to grEAtEr CommErCiAl hEights. singErs AnD BusinEss ExECutivEs ClosEly tiED to thE musiC sought AnD won A nEw rEspECtABility From trADE pApErs AnD nAtionAl mEDiA、thE olD tErms hillBilly AnD mountAin wErE rEplACED By Country, AnD EvEn For A timE By Country AnD wEstErn, in rECognition oF thE nEw populArity oF thE CowBoy singErs on tElEvision.
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A、CommErCiAl oFFshoot oF thE Folk musiC oF thE rurAl south, Country musiC is AnAmEriCAn Art Form thAt gAinED worlDwiDE AppEAl AFtEr worlD wAr ⅱ. originAlly known As hillBilly or mountAin musiC, Country musiC grEw From thE Folk musiC thAt wAs Brought to northAmEriCA ByAnglo-CEltiC sEttlErs in thE 1700s AnD 1800s. thE musiC ChAngED As it CAmE in ContACt with EthniC musiC--ACADiAnCAjun) in louisiAnA, lAtin in thE southwEst,AFriCAn throughout muCh oF thE south--AnD suCh populAr musiC As thAt FounD in vAuDEvillE, minstrEl shows, AnD hAwAiiAn tEnt shows. it wAs Also CAllED Country AnD wEstErn musiC BECAusE oF its populArity with CowBoys.
trADitionAlly Country musiCiAns hAvE BEEn most proFiCiEnt on stringED instrumEnts. thE violin, or FiDDlE, wAs thE most populAr instrumEnt on thE FrontiEr BECAusE oF its EAsy portABility. to this DAy FiDDlE ContEsts rEmAin A FEAturE oF thE Country musiC sCEnE. thE BAnjo wAs ADAptED From thEAFriCAnAmEriCAn CulturE, AnD thE FivE-siring moDEl is now univErsAlly populAr Among pErFormErs oF thE stylE known As BluEgrAss. thE guitAr hAs long BEEn A stAplE oF Country musiC BAnDs AnD singErs. string BAss AnD hAwAiiAn guitAr hAvE BEEn usED sinCE thE 1920s, AnD thEir moDErn DEsCEnDAnts ArE thE ElECtriC BAss AnD thE pEDAl stEEl guitAr.Drums, piAnos, AnD ElECtriFiED instrumEnts, usED As EArly As thE 1930s By wEstErn swing BAnDs, ArE hEArD on Country rECorDings From thE 1950s.
in 1922 rADio stAtions wBAp in Fort worth, tEx. , AnD wsB、inAtlAntA, gA、, BroADCAst shows CAllED BArn DAnCEs, moDElED AFtEr thE inFormAl soCiAl DAnCing oF thE FrontiEr.ChiCAgo’s wls stArtED whAt BECAmE thE nAtionAlBArnDAnCE in 1924, AnD wsm in nAshvillE, tEnn., BEgAn itsBArnDAnCE in novEmBEr 1925, just onE month AFtEr going on thE Air. rECorD CompAniEs Also DisCovErED thE CommErCiAl possiBilitiEs oF this musiC、FiDDlErECkA、C、) roBErtson trAvElED to nEw yorkCity AnD in 1922 mADE thE First hillBilly rECorDs, "ArkAnsAs trAvElEr" AnD "sAlliE gooDin". thE gEorgiA FiDDlEr johnCArson hAD thE First sAlEs suCCEss thE nExt yEAr with his okEh rECorD oF "littlE olD logCABin in thE lAnE".A、tExAs nAtivE who ACtuAlly hAD voiCE trAining AnD light opErA ExpEriEnCE, vErnonDAlhArt (his rEAl nAmE wAs mArion slAughtEr) solD millions oF rECorDs in thE 1920s For DozEns oF DiFFErEnt CompAniEs. his First Big sEllErs wErE "thE prisonEr’s song" AnD "thE wrECk oF thE olD 97" For viCtor in 1924. in 1927 jimmiE roDgErs, originAlly A yoDElEr, mADE his First rECorDings.BECAusE roDgErs, viCtor rECorDs inspirED numErous mEn to BEComE Country EntErtAinErs, hE BECAmE known As thE FAthEr oFCountry musiC、
hollywooD’s singing CowBoys won For Country musiC nAtionAl AnD intErnAtionAl AuDiEnCEs During thE lAtEr 1930s.EvEn though rECorD sAlEs For Country AnD othEr typEs oF musiC slippED During thE grEAtDEprEssion, rADio ContinuED to BroADCAst A lArgE ArrAy oF livE Country musiC tAlEnt, usuAlly in thE EArly morning, noon, or lAtE night hours. nEw BArn DAnCEs wErE hEArD on thE AirwAvEs, AnD two oF thE loCAl shows gAinED nEtwork rADio AuDiEnCEs During thE 1930s.
worlD wAr ⅱ ACCElErAtED Country musiC’s growth AwAy From An ExClusivEly southErn AnD rurAl phEnomEnon. southErn sErviCEmEn took thE musiC with thEm to FAr-Flung pArts oF thE nAtion AnD thE worlD, whilE CiviliAn DEFEnsE workErs From thE south Brought thEir lovE oF thE musiC into thE vArious CEntErs oF wAr proDuCtion.
thE postwAr yEArs Brought A nEwFounD nAtionAl prospErity, whiCh BoostED Country musiC to grEAtEr CommErCiAl hEights. singErs AnD BusinEss ExECutivEs ClosEly tiED to thE musiC sought AnD won A nEw rEspECtABility From trADE pApErs AnD nAtionAl mEDiA、thE olD tErms hillBilly AnD mountAin wErE rEplACED By Country, AnD EvEn For A timE By Country AnD wEstErn, in rECognition oF thE nEw populArity oF thE CowBoy singErs on tElEvision.
【单选题】 In ______ people, the areas of the brain that control speech are located in the left hemisphere.
A．mostly of
B．most
C．almost the
D．the most of
A．mostly of
B．most
C．almost the
D．the most of
【单选题】 According to the passage, the main disadvantage of person-on-the-street interviews is that they
A．( are not based on a representative sampling
B．( are used only on television
C．( are not carefully worded
D．( reflect political opinions
A．( are not based on a representative sampling
B．( are used only on television
C．( are not carefully worded
D．( reflect political opinions
【单选题】 Which of the following terms is defined ill the passage
A．( Survey (line 1)
B．( Public opinion (line 8)
C．( Representative sampling (line 13)
D．( Response rate (line 22)
A．( Survey (line 1)
B．( Public opinion (line 8)
C．( Representative sampling (line 13)
D．( Response rate (line 22)
【单选题】 Je ne peux pas ____________ dix minutes sans que tu te disputes avec tes frères et soeurs.
A． m'abstenir
B．me résoudre
C．m'y mettre
D．m'en servir
A． m'abstenir
B．me résoudre
C．m'y mettre
D．m'en servir
【分析解答题】"Job Opportunities"
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Listen for a question that asks your opinion about a familiar topiC、
Question
Some people are attracted to jobs that include a great deal of travel. Other people prefer jobs that allow them to return to their homes every evening. Which type of job opportunity would you prefer and why Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Preparation Time:15 seconds
Recording Time:45 seconds
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Listen for a question that asks your opinion about a familiar topiC、
Question
Some people are attracted to jobs that include a great deal of travel. Other people prefer jobs that allow them to return to their homes every evening. Which type of job opportunity would you prefer and why Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Preparation Time:15 seconds
Recording Time:45 seconds
【单选题】 A television camera produces an image by convening ______ receives into a series of bright and dark dots.
A．(and it
B．( it
C．( what it
D．( that it
A．(and it
B．( it
C．( what it
D．( that it
【单选题】 According to the passage, when did the domestication of plants begin in North America
A．( 7,000 years ago
B．( 4,000 to 2,000 years ago
C．( Long after the Neolithic period
D．( Before the Archaic period
A．( 7,000 years ago
B．( 4,000 to 2,000 years ago
C．( Long after the Neolithic period
D．( Before the Archaic period
【单选题】mountAinClimBing
mountAin ClimBing, or AsCEnDing mountAins, is populAr worlDwiDE, whErEvEr hills risE high Enough to proviDE A ChAllEngE. thE ACtivity’s rEwArDs inCluDE thE physiCAl ExErCisE it proviDEs, thE sAtisFACtion oF ovErComing DiFFiCultiEs By working with othErs, thE thrill oF rEAChing A summit, AnD thE unoBstruCtED viEws From A mountAintop.ExplorAtion AnD rEsEArCh ArE othEr rEAsons thAt pEoplE ClimB mountAins. sinCE AnCiEnt timEs, pEoplE hAvE viEwED mountAin pEAks As towEring oBjECts oF myth, spirituAl inspirAtion, AnD romAntiC BEAuty.EArly pEoplEs mADE AsCEnts only to hunt gAmE, to rEsCuE lost or strAyED AnimAls, or to gAin A militAry ADvAntAgE ovEr An EnEmy.EvEntuAlly, thE unknown AnD inACCEssiBlE pEAks CEAsED to BE FEArED AnD AvoiDED, AnD thE ConquEst oF thE mAjor mountAin pEAks AnD rAngEs oF thE worlD BEgAn. mountAinEEring As A sport wAs Born onAugust 8,1786. sinCE thAt AsCEnt, mountAin ClimBing hAs EvolvED into thrEE rElAtED sports: AlpinE ClimBing, iCE ClimBing, AnD roCk ClimBing. thEsE sports rEquirE thE sAmE FunDAmEntAl tEChniquEs.
thE stylE oF Alpinism or AlpinE ClimBing EnCompAssEs muCh oF thE BAsiC ClimBing tEChniquEs, EquipmEnt, AnD sAFEty prECAutions thAt Form thE BAsis For iCE ClimBing AnD roCk ClimBing.AlpinE ClimBing BEgAn in thEEuropEAnAlps in thE lAtE 18th CEntury AnD is now prACtiCED in All mountAin rAngEs oF thE worlD、AlpinE ClimBing involvEs thE Continuous AsCEnt oF A mountAin pEAk ovEr A pErioD oF onE to sEvErAl DAys By A tEAm oF At lEAst two Alpinists. tEAms mAy Consist oF As mAny As Four ClimBErs. thE ClimBErs CArry All thE EquipmEnt thEy nEED—A CAmping stovE AnD FuEl, slEEping BAgs, slEEping mAts, A tEnt or BivouAC sACk, First AiD gEAr, A wAtEr BottlE, AnD FooD、EACh night thE ClimBErs spEnD thE night on A mountAin lEDgE BEForE Continuing upwArD、
iCE ClimBing grEw out oF trADitionAl mountAinEEring, AnD iCE ClimBErs usE thE BAsiC EquipmEnt, tEChniquEs, AnD sAFEty prECAutions thAt Alpinists Do, with CErtAin spECiAlizED ChAngEs to ACCount For thE ADDED DiFFiCultiEs oF AsCEnDing vErtiCAl shEEts oF iCE. For ExAmplE,ECkEnstEin’s tEn-point CrAmpons EnABlED mountAinEErs to AsCEnD morE DiFFiCult AnD stEEpEr ClimBs ovEr iCy routEs.A、[■]iCE ClimBErs lAtEr CrEAtED morE rADiCAlly DroopED iCE AxE piCks AnD ErgonomiCAlly DEsignED iCE AxE shAFts, Allowing thEm to vEnturE onto Continuously vErtiCAl, AnD EvEn ovErhAnging, FrozEn wAtErFAlls.
in thE EArly 20th CEntury, FrEnCh AnD gErmAn mountAinEErs sought out nEw ChAllEngEs By trAining on CliFFs AnD BoulDErs nEAr thEir homEs.B、[■]thE EArliEst DoCumEntED roCk ClimB DonE For sport wAs thE 35-m high nApE’s nEEDlE in thE lAkEDistriCt oFEnglAnD、C、[■]ClimBing ArEAs mAy BE rElAtivEly smAll CrAgs oF roCk, lArgE CAnyon siDEwAlls, or immEnsE mountAin FACEs.D、[■]grAnitE, limEstonE, sAnDstonE, mEtAmorphosED sChist, AnD gnEiss ArE thE FivE most populAr roCk typEs For ClimBing.
in rECEnt yEArs, wEll-puBliCizED suCCEssEs AnD trAgEDiEs in mountAinEEring ACtivitiEs AnD improvEmEnts in ClimBing EquipmEnt hAvE givEn risE to An inCrEAsED numBEr oF mountAin ClimBErs worlDwiDE. thE sport’s populArity hAs lED somE CountriEs to rEquirE mountAinEErs to purChAsE ClimBing pErmits. himAlAyAn ExpEDitions must Also pAy An EnvironmEntAl BonD to guArAntEE thAt thEy will rEmovE All oF thEir wAstE At thE ConClusion oF thEir trip.
EnvironmEntAl protECtion EFForts ArE unDErwAy At mAny roCk ClimBing ArEAs to EAsE ECologiCAl strAins on populAr ArEAs. loCAl ClimBErs pArtiCipAtE in An AnnuAl ClEAnup DAy to mAintAin ApproACh trAils, wAsh gymnAstiC ChAlk oFF thE roCk, AnD piCk up littEr. thEACCEss FunD is thE nAtionAl orgAnizAtion thAt hElps ClimBErs gAin ACCEss to ClimBing ArEAs AnD Also Assists with EnvironmEntAl proBlEms AssoCiAtED with CliFFs in thE unitED stAtEs.
BEginning in thE 1980s inDoor roCk-ClimBing gyms hAvE plAyED A kEy rolE in introDuCing lArgE numBErs oF
mountAin ClimBing, or AsCEnDing mountAins, is populAr worlDwiDE, whErEvEr hills risE high Enough to proviDE A ChAllEngE. thE ACtivity’s rEwArDs inCluDE thE physiCAl ExErCisE it proviDEs, thE sAtisFACtion oF ovErComing DiFFiCultiEs By working with othErs, thE thrill oF rEAChing A summit, AnD thE unoBstruCtED viEws From A mountAintop.ExplorAtion AnD rEsEArCh ArE othEr rEAsons thAt pEoplE ClimB mountAins. sinCE AnCiEnt timEs, pEoplE hAvE viEwED mountAin pEAks As towEring oBjECts oF myth, spirituAl inspirAtion, AnD romAntiC BEAuty.EArly pEoplEs mADE AsCEnts only to hunt gAmE, to rEsCuE lost or strAyED AnimAls, or to gAin A militAry ADvAntAgE ovEr An EnEmy.EvEntuAlly, thE unknown AnD inACCEssiBlE pEAks CEAsED to BE FEArED AnD AvoiDED, AnD thE ConquEst oF thE mAjor mountAin pEAks AnD rAngEs oF thE worlD BEgAn. mountAinEEring As A sport wAs Born onAugust 8,1786. sinCE thAt AsCEnt, mountAin ClimBing hAs EvolvED into thrEE rElAtED sports: AlpinE ClimBing, iCE ClimBing, AnD roCk ClimBing. thEsE sports rEquirE thE sAmE FunDAmEntAl tEChniquEs.
thE stylE oF Alpinism or AlpinE ClimBing EnCompAssEs muCh oF thE BAsiC ClimBing tEChniquEs, EquipmEnt, AnD sAFEty prECAutions thAt Form thE BAsis For iCE ClimBing AnD roCk ClimBing.AlpinE ClimBing BEgAn in thEEuropEAnAlps in thE lAtE 18th CEntury AnD is now prACtiCED in All mountAin rAngEs oF thE worlD、AlpinE ClimBing involvEs thE Continuous AsCEnt oF A mountAin pEAk ovEr A pErioD oF onE to sEvErAl DAys By A tEAm oF At lEAst two Alpinists. tEAms mAy Consist oF As mAny As Four ClimBErs. thE ClimBErs CArry All thE EquipmEnt thEy nEED—A CAmping stovE AnD FuEl, slEEping BAgs, slEEping mAts, A tEnt or BivouAC sACk, First AiD gEAr, A wAtEr BottlE, AnD FooD、EACh night thE ClimBErs spEnD thE night on A mountAin lEDgE BEForE Continuing upwArD、
iCE ClimBing grEw out oF trADitionAl mountAinEEring, AnD iCE ClimBErs usE thE BAsiC EquipmEnt, tEChniquEs, AnD sAFEty prECAutions thAt Alpinists Do, with CErtAin spECiAlizED ChAngEs to ACCount For thE ADDED DiFFiCultiEs oF AsCEnDing vErtiCAl shEEts oF iCE. For ExAmplE,ECkEnstEin’s tEn-point CrAmpons EnABlED mountAinEErs to AsCEnD morE DiFFiCult AnD stEEpEr ClimBs ovEr iCy routEs.A、[■]iCE ClimBErs lAtEr CrEAtED morE rADiCAlly DroopED iCE AxE piCks AnD ErgonomiCAlly DEsignED iCE AxE shAFts, Allowing thEm to vEnturE onto Continuously vErtiCAl, AnD EvEn ovErhAnging, FrozEn wAtErFAlls.
in thE EArly 20th CEntury, FrEnCh AnD gErmAn mountAinEErs sought out nEw ChAllEngEs By trAining on CliFFs AnD BoulDErs nEAr thEir homEs.B、[■]thE EArliEst DoCumEntED roCk ClimB DonE For sport wAs thE 35-m high nApE’s nEEDlE in thE lAkEDistriCt oFEnglAnD、C、[■]ClimBing ArEAs mAy BE rElAtivEly smAll CrAgs oF roCk, lArgE CAnyon siDEwAlls, or immEnsE mountAin FACEs.D、[■]grAnitE, limEstonE, sAnDstonE, mEtAmorphosED sChist, AnD gnEiss ArE thE FivE most populAr roCk typEs For ClimBing.
in rECEnt yEArs, wEll-puBliCizED suCCEssEs AnD trAgEDiEs in mountAinEEring ACtivitiEs AnD improvEmEnts in ClimBing EquipmEnt hAvE givEn risE to An inCrEAsED numBEr oF mountAin ClimBErs worlDwiDE. thE sport’s populArity hAs lED somE CountriEs to rEquirE mountAinEErs to purChAsE ClimBing pErmits. himAlAyAn ExpEDitions must Also pAy An EnvironmEntAl BonD to guArAntEE thAt thEy will rEmovE All oF thEir wAstE At thE ConClusion oF thEir trip.
EnvironmEntAl protECtion EFForts ArE unDErwAy At mAny roCk ClimBing ArEAs to EAsE ECologiCAl strAins on populAr ArEAs. loCAl ClimBErs pArtiCipAtE in An AnnuAl ClEAnup DAy to mAintAin ApproACh trAils, wAsh gymnAstiC ChAlk oFF thE roCk, AnD piCk up littEr. thEACCEss FunD is thE nAtionAl orgAnizAtion thAt hElps ClimBErs gAin ACCEss to ClimBing ArEAs AnD Also Assists with EnvironmEntAl proBlEms AssoCiAtED with CliFFs in thE unitED stAtEs.
BEginning in thE 1980s inDoor roCk-ClimBing gyms hAvE plAyED A kEy rolE in introDuCing lArgE numBErs oF
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