【单选题】pEtrolEum, whiCh CurrEntly mAkEs up ABout Four-tEnths oF thE worlD’s EnErgy proDuCtion, suppliEs morE CommErCiAl EnErgy thAn Any AnothEr sourCE.
【单选题】 For A sEAgoing, CArgo-CArrying sAiling vEssEls, thE ClippEr ship wAs rEmArkABly FAst.
【单选题】thE intErnAtionAl monEtAry FunD wAs CrEAtED in A EFFort to stABilizE ExChAngE rAtEs without intErFEring with thE hEAlthy growth oF trADE.
【单选题】 The invention of the compound microscope (which allowed much higher magnification through multiple lenses) made _______ the great strides in life sciences.
A．( it possible
B．( possibly
C．( possible
D．( it was possible
A．( it possible
B．( possibly
C．( possible
D．( it was possible
【多选题】 The companys business plan includes ---------- revenue from magazine and event promotions designed to help recruiters find qualified applicants.
A．draw
B．drawing
C．to draw
D．drawer
A．draw
B．drawing
C．to draw
D．drawer
【分析解答题】rEADing 4 "Four stAgEs oF plAnEtAryDEvElopmEnt"
plAnEtAryDEvElopmEnt
→ in our stuDy oF thE plAnEtEArth, wE will FinD A Four-stAgE history oF plAnEtAry DEvElopmEnt. thE moon AnD All thE tErrEstriAl plAnEts hAvE pAssED through thEsE stAgEs, Although DiFFErEnCEs in thE wAy thE plAnEts wErE AltErED By thEsE stAgEs hAvE proDuCED DrAmAtiCAlly DiFFErEnt worlDs. thE moon, For ExAmplE, is muCh likEEArth, But its Evolution hAs BEEn DrAmAtiCAlly AltErED By its smAllEr sizE.As wE ExplorE thE solAr systEm, wE will DisCovEr not EntirEly nEw proCEssEs But rAthEr FAmiliAr EFFECts working in slightly DiFFErEnt wAys.
thE Four stAgEs
thE First stAgE oF plAnEtAry Evolution is DiFFErEntiAtion, thE sEpArAtion oF mAtEriAl ACCorDing to DEnsity.EArth now hAs A DEnsE CorE AnD A lowEr-DEnsity Crust, AnD thAt struCturE must hAvE originAtED vEry EArly.
DiFFErEntiAtion woulD hAvE oCCurrED EAsily iFEArth wErE moltEn whEn it wAs young. two sourCEs oF hEAt CoulD hAvE hEAtEDEArth. First, hEAt oF FormAtion woulD BE CrEAtED By in-FAlling mAtEriAl.A、mEtEoritE hittingEArth At high vEloCity ConvErts most oF its EnErgy oF motion into hEAt, AnD thE in-FAlling oF A lArgE numBEr oF mEtEoritEs CoulD rElEAsE trEmEnDous hEAt. iFEArth FormED rApiDly, this hEAt woulD hAvE ACCumulAtED muCh morE rApiDly thAn it CoulD lEAk AwAy, AnDEArth mAy hAvE BEEn moltEn whEn it FormED、A、sEConD sourCE oF hEAt rEquirEs morE timE to DEvElop. thE DECAy oF rADioACtivE ElEmEnts trAppED in thEEArth rElEAsEs hEAt grADuAlly; But, As soon AsEArth FormED, thAt hEAt woulD hAvE BEgun to ACCumulAtE AnD CoulD hAvE hElpED mEltEArth to FACilitAtE DiFFErEntiAtion. most oFEArth’s rADioACtivE ElEmEnts ArE now ConCEntrAtED in thE Crust, whErE thEy ContinuE to wArm AnD soFtEn thE roCk lAyErs.
EArth FormED By mAtEriAl FAlling togEthEr, But mEtEoritEs CoulD hAvE lEFt no trACE until A Crust soliDiFiED、onCEEArth hAD A hArD surFACE, thE mEtEoritEs CoulD Form CrAtErs. this sEConD stAgE in plAnEtAry Evolution, CrAtEring, wAs violEnt. thE hEAvy BomBArDmEnt wAs intEnsE BECAusE thE solAr nEBulA wAs FillED with roCky AnD iCy DEBris, AnD thE youngEArth wAs BAttErED By mEtEoritEs thAt pulvErizED thE nEwly Forming Crust. thE lArgEst mEtEoritEs BlAstED out CrAtEr BAsins hunDrEDs oF kilomEtErs in DiAmEtEr.As thE solAr nEBulA ClEArED, thE Amount oF DEBris DECrEAsED, AnD thE lEvEl oF CrAtEring FEll to its prEsEnt low lEvEl.Although mEtEoritEs still oCCAsionAlly strikEEArth AnD Dig CrAtErs, CrAtEring is no longEr thE DominAnt inFluEnCE onEArth’s gEology.As wE CompArE othEr worlDs withEArth, wE will DisCovEr trACEs oF this intEnsE pErioD oF CrAtEring, thE hEAvy BomBArDmEnt, on EvEry olD surFACE in thE solAr systEm.
→ thE thirD stAgE, FlooDing, no DouBt BEgAn whilE CrAtEring wAs still intEnsE. thE FrACturing oF thE Crust AnD thE hEAting CAusED By rADioACtivE DECAy AllowED moltEn roCk just BElow thE Crust to wEll up through FissurEs AnD FlooD thE DEEpEr BAsins. wE will DisCuss suCh FlooDED BAsins on othEr worlDs, suCh As thE moon, But All trACEs oF this EArly lAvA FlooDing hAvE BEEn DEstroyED By lAtEr gEologiCAl ACtivity inEArth’s Crust. onEArth, FlooDing ContinuED As thE AtmosphErE CoolED AnD wAtEr FEll As rAin, Filling thE DEEpEst BAsins to proDuCE thE First oCEAns.
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notiCE thAt onEArth FlooDing involvEs Both lAvA AnD wAtEr, A CirCumstAnCE thAt wE will not FinD on most worlDs.
![]()
thE Fourth stAgE, slow surFACE Evolution, hAs ContinuED For thE lAst 3.5 Billion yEArs or morE.
![]()
EArth’s surFACE is ConstAntly ChAnging As sECtions oF Crust sliDE ovEr EACh othEr, push up mountAins, AnD shiFt ContinEnts.
![]()
Almost All trACEs oF thE Firs
plAnEtAryDEvElopmEnt
→ in our stuDy oF thE plAnEtEArth, wE will FinD A Four-stAgE history oF plAnEtAry DEvElopmEnt. thE moon AnD All thE tErrEstriAl plAnEts hAvE pAssED through thEsE stAgEs, Although DiFFErEnCEs in thE wAy thE plAnEts wErE AltErED By thEsE stAgEs hAvE proDuCED DrAmAtiCAlly DiFFErEnt worlDs. thE moon, For ExAmplE, is muCh likEEArth, But its Evolution hAs BEEn DrAmAtiCAlly AltErED By its smAllEr sizE.As wE ExplorE thE solAr systEm, wE will DisCovEr not EntirEly nEw proCEssEs But rAthEr FAmiliAr EFFECts working in slightly DiFFErEnt wAys.
thE Four stAgEs
thE First stAgE oF plAnEtAry Evolution is DiFFErEntiAtion, thE sEpArAtion oF mAtEriAl ACCorDing to DEnsity.EArth now hAs A DEnsE CorE AnD A lowEr-DEnsity Crust, AnD thAt struCturE must hAvE originAtED vEry EArly.
DiFFErEntiAtion woulD hAvE oCCurrED EAsily iFEArth wErE moltEn whEn it wAs young. two sourCEs oF hEAt CoulD hAvE hEAtEDEArth. First, hEAt oF FormAtion woulD BE CrEAtED By in-FAlling mAtEriAl.A、mEtEoritE hittingEArth At high vEloCity ConvErts most oF its EnErgy oF motion into hEAt, AnD thE in-FAlling oF A lArgE numBEr oF mEtEoritEs CoulD rElEAsE trEmEnDous hEAt. iFEArth FormED rApiDly, this hEAt woulD hAvE ACCumulAtED muCh morE rApiDly thAn it CoulD lEAk AwAy, AnDEArth mAy hAvE BEEn moltEn whEn it FormED、A、sEConD sourCE oF hEAt rEquirEs morE timE to DEvElop. thE DECAy oF rADioACtivE ElEmEnts trAppED in thEEArth rElEAsEs hEAt grADuAlly; But, As soon AsEArth FormED, thAt hEAt woulD hAvE BEgun to ACCumulAtE AnD CoulD hAvE hElpED mEltEArth to FACilitAtE DiFFErEntiAtion. most oFEArth’s rADioACtivE ElEmEnts ArE now ConCEntrAtED in thE Crust, whErE thEy ContinuE to wArm AnD soFtEn thE roCk lAyErs.
EArth FormED By mAtEriAl FAlling togEthEr, But mEtEoritEs CoulD hAvE lEFt no trACE until A Crust soliDiFiED、onCEEArth hAD A hArD surFACE, thE mEtEoritEs CoulD Form CrAtErs. this sEConD stAgE in plAnEtAry Evolution, CrAtEring, wAs violEnt. thE hEAvy BomBArDmEnt wAs intEnsE BECAusE thE solAr nEBulA wAs FillED with roCky AnD iCy DEBris, AnD thE youngEArth wAs BAttErED By mEtEoritEs thAt pulvErizED thE nEwly Forming Crust. thE lArgEst mEtEoritEs BlAstED out CrAtEr BAsins hunDrEDs oF kilomEtErs in DiAmEtEr.As thE solAr nEBulA ClEArED, thE Amount oF DEBris DECrEAsED, AnD thE lEvEl oF CrAtEring FEll to its prEsEnt low lEvEl.Although mEtEoritEs still oCCAsionAlly strikEEArth AnD Dig CrAtErs, CrAtEring is no longEr thE DominAnt inFluEnCE onEArth’s gEology.As wE CompArE othEr worlDs withEArth, wE will DisCovEr trACEs oF this intEnsE pErioD oF CrAtEring, thE hEAvy BomBArDmEnt, on EvEry olD surFACE in thE solAr systEm.
→ thE thirD stAgE, FlooDing, no DouBt BEgAn whilE CrAtEring wAs still intEnsE. thE FrACturing oF thE Crust AnD thE hEAting CAusED By rADioACtivE DECAy AllowED moltEn roCk just BElow thE Crust to wEll up through FissurEs AnD FlooD thE DEEpEr BAsins. wE will DisCuss suCh FlooDED BAsins on othEr worlDs, suCh As thE moon, But All trACEs oF this EArly lAvA FlooDing hAvE BEEn DEstroyED By lAtEr gEologiCAl ACtivity inEArth’s Crust. onEArth, FlooDing ContinuED As thE AtmosphErE CoolED AnD wAtEr FEll As rAin, Filling thE DEEpEst BAsins to proDuCE thE First oCEAns.
thE Fourth stAgE, slow surFACE Evolution, hAs ContinuED For thE lAst 3.5 Billion yEArs or morE.
【单选题】 According to the passage, scientists cannot explain which of the following aspects of squirrel behavior
A．Where squirrels store their acorn caches
B．Why squirrels prefer acorns over other seeds
C．Why squirrels eat only a portion of each acorn they retrieve
D．Why squirrels prefer acorns from a particular species of oak trees
A．Where squirrels store their acorn caches
B．Why squirrels prefer acorns over other seeds
C．Why squirrels eat only a portion of each acorn they retrieve
D．Why squirrels prefer acorns from a particular species of oak trees
【单选题】 ......... crumbles readily when exposed to a moist, acid atmosphere, but the stone is durable in a dry atmosphere.
A．( The surface of marble is
B．( The surface of marble, which
C．( Although the surface of marble
D．( The surface of marble
A．( The surface of marble is
B．( The surface of marble, which
C．( Although the surface of marble
D．( The surface of marble
【单选题】rEADing 2 "pAlEolithiCArt"
→ thE sEvErAl millEnniA Following 30,000B、
C、sAw A powErFul outBurst oF ArtistiC CrEAtivity. thE Artworks proDuCED rAngE From simplE shEll nECklACEs to humAn AnD AnimAl Forms in ivory, ClAy, AnD stonE to monumEntAl pAintings, EngrAvings, AnD rEliEF sCulpturEs CovEring thE hugE wAll surFACEs oF CAvEs. From thE momEnt in 1879 thAt CAvE pAintings wErE DisCovErED AtAltAmirA, sCholArs hAvE wonDErED why thE huntEr-Artists oF thE olD stonEAgE DECiDED to CovEr thE wAlls oF DArk CAvErns with AnimAl imAgEs. vArious AnswErs hAvE BEEn givEn, inCluDing thAt thEy wErE mErE DECorAtion, But this thEory CAnnot ExplAin thE nArrow rAngE oF suBjECts or thE inACCEssiBility oF mAny oF thE pAintings. in FACt, thE rEmotEnEss AnD DiFFiCulty oF ACCEss oF mAny oF thE CAvE pAintings AnD thE FACt thEy AppEAr to hAvE BEEn usED For CEnturiEs ArE prECisEly whAt hAvE lED mAny sCholArs to suggEst thAt thE prEhistoriC huntErs AttriButED mAgiCAl propErtiEs to thE imAgEs thEy pAintE
D、ACCorDing to this ArgumEnt, By ConFining AnimAls to thE surFACEs oF thEir CAvE wAlls, thE Artists BEliEvED thEy wErE Bringing thE BEAsts unDEr thEir Control. somE hAvE EvEn hypothEsizED thAt rituAls or DAnCEs wErE pErFormED in Front oF thE imAgEs AnD thAt thEsE ritEs sErvED to improvE thE huntErs’ luCk. still othErs hAvE stAtED thAt thE pAintED AnimAls mAy hAvE sErvED As tEAChing tools to instruCt nEw huntErs ABout thE ChArACtEr oF thE vArious spECiEs thEy woulD EnCountEr or EvEn to sErvE As tArgEts For spEArs!
By ContrAst, somE sCholArs hAvE ArguED thAt thE mAgiCAl purposE oF thE pAintings wAs not to FACilitAtE thE DEstruCtion oF Bison AnD othEr spECiEs. instEAD, thEy BEliEvE prEhistoriC pAintErs CrEAtED AnimAl imAgEs to AssurE thE survivAl oF thE hErDs. pAlEolithiC pEoplEs DEpEnDED on For thEir FooD supply AnD For thEir Clothing.
![]()
A、CEntrAl proBlEm For Both thE hunting-mAgiC AnD FooDCrEAtion thEoriEs is thAt thE AnimAls thAt sEEm to hAvE BEEn DiEt stAplEs oF olD stonEAgE pEoplEs ArE not thosE most FrEquEntly portrAyE
D、
![]()
othEr sCholArs hAvE sought to rEConstruCt An ElABorAtE mythology BAsED on thE CAvE pAintings, suggEsting thAt pAlEolithiC humAns BEliEvED thEy hAD AnimAl AnCEstors. still othErs hAvE EquAtED CErtAin spECiEs with mEn AnD othErs with womEn AnD Also FounD sExuAl symBolism in thE ABstrACt signs thAt somEtimEs ACCompAny thE imAgEs.
![]()
Almost All oF thEsE thEoriEs hAvE BEEn DisCrEDitED ovEr timE, AnD Art historiAns must ADmit thAt no onE knows thE intEnt oF thEsE pAintings.
![]()
in FACt, A singlE ExplAnAtion For All pAlEolithiC murAls, EvEn pAintings similAr in suBjECt, stylE, AnD Composition (how thE motiFs ArE ArrAngED on thE surFACE), is unlikEly to Apply univErsAlly. For now, thE pAintings rEmAin An EnigmA、
→ thAt thE pAintings DiD hAvE mEAning to thE pAlEolithiC pEoplEs who mADE AnD oBsErvED thEm CAnnot, howEvEr, BE DouBtE
D、 in FACt, signs Consisting oF ChECks, Dots, squArEs, or othEr ArrAngEmEnts oF linEs oFtEn ACCompAny thE piCturEs oF AnimAls. sEvErAl oBsErvErs hAvE sEEn A primitivE writing Form in thEsE rEprEsEntAtions oF nonliving things, But thE signs, too, mAy hAvE hAD somE othEr signiFiCAnCE. somE look likE trAps AnD Arrows AnD, ACCorDing to thE hunting-mAgiC thEory, mAy hAvE BEEn DrAwn to insurE suCCEss in CApturing or killing AnimAls with thEsE DEviCEs.At pECh-mErlE in FrAnCE, thE "spottED horsEs" pAintED on thE CAvE wAll mAy not hAvE spots. somE sCholArs hAvE ArguED thAt thE "spots," whiCh AppEAr Both within AnD without thE horsEs’ outlinEs, ArE pAintED roCks thrown At thE AnimAls.
→ rEprEsEntAtions oF humAn hAnDs Also ArE Common. thosE ArounD thE pECh-mErlE horsEs, AnD thE mAjorit
→ thE sEvErAl millEnniA Following 30,000B、
C、sAw A powErFul outBurst oF ArtistiC CrEAtivity. thE Artworks proDuCED rAngE From simplE shEll nECklACEs to humAn AnD AnimAl Forms in ivory, ClAy, AnD stonE to monumEntAl pAintings, EngrAvings, AnD rEliEF sCulpturEs CovEring thE hugE wAll surFACEs oF CAvEs. From thE momEnt in 1879 thAt CAvE pAintings wErE DisCovErED AtAltAmirA, sCholArs hAvE wonDErED why thE huntEr-Artists oF thE olD stonEAgE DECiDED to CovEr thE wAlls oF DArk CAvErns with AnimAl imAgEs. vArious AnswErs hAvE BEEn givEn, inCluDing thAt thEy wErE mErE DECorAtion, But this thEory CAnnot ExplAin thE nArrow rAngE oF suBjECts or thE inACCEssiBility oF mAny oF thE pAintings. in FACt, thE rEmotEnEss AnD DiFFiCulty oF ACCEss oF mAny oF thE CAvE pAintings AnD thE FACt thEy AppEAr to hAvE BEEn usED For CEnturiEs ArE prECisEly whAt hAvE lED mAny sCholArs to suggEst thAt thE prEhistoriC huntErs AttriButED mAgiCAl propErtiEs to thE imAgEs thEy pAintE
D、ACCorDing to this ArgumEnt, By ConFining AnimAls to thE surFACEs oF thEir CAvE wAlls, thE Artists BEliEvED thEy wErE Bringing thE BEAsts unDEr thEir Control. somE hAvE EvEn hypothEsizED thAt rituAls or DAnCEs wErE pErFormED in Front oF thE imAgEs AnD thAt thEsE ritEs sErvED to improvE thE huntErs’ luCk. still othErs hAvE stAtED thAt thE pAintED AnimAls mAy hAvE sErvED As tEAChing tools to instruCt nEw huntErs ABout thE ChArACtEr oF thE vArious spECiEs thEy woulD EnCountEr or EvEn to sErvE As tArgEts For spEArs!
By ContrAst, somE sCholArs hAvE ArguED thAt thE mAgiCAl purposE oF thE pAintings wAs not to FACilitAtE thE DEstruCtion oF Bison AnD othEr spECiEs. instEAD, thEy BEliEvE prEhistoriC pAintErs CrEAtED AnimAl imAgEs to AssurE thE survivAl oF thE hErDs. pAlEolithiC pEoplEs DEpEnDED on For thEir FooD supply AnD For thEir Clothing.
D、
othEr sCholArs hAvE sought to rEConstruCt An ElABorAtE mythology BAsED on thE CAvE pAintings, suggEsting thAt pAlEolithiC humAns BEliEvED thEy hAD AnimAl AnCEstors. still othErs hAvE EquAtED CErtAin spECiEs with mEn AnD othErs with womEn AnD Also FounD sExuAl symBolism in thE ABstrACt signs thAt somEtimEs ACCompAny thE imAgEs.
→ thAt thE pAintings DiD hAvE mEAning to thE pAlEolithiC pEoplEs who mADE AnD oBsErvED thEm CAnnot, howEvEr, BE DouBtE
D、 in FACt, signs Consisting oF ChECks, Dots, squArEs, or othEr ArrAngEmEnts oF linEs oFtEn ACCompAny thE piCturEs oF AnimAls. sEvErAl oBsErvErs hAvE sEEn A primitivE writing Form in thEsE rEprEsEntAtions oF nonliving things, But thE signs, too, mAy hAvE hAD somE othEr signiFiCAnCE. somE look likE trAps AnD Arrows AnD, ACCorDing to thE hunting-mAgiC thEory, mAy hAvE BEEn DrAwn to insurE suCCEss in CApturing or killing AnimAls with thEsE DEviCEs.At pECh-mErlE in FrAnCE, thE "spottED horsEs" pAintED on thE CAvE wAll mAy not hAvE spots. somE sCholArs hAvE ArguED thAt thE "spots," whiCh AppEAr Both within AnD without thE horsEs’ outlinEs, ArE pAintED roCks thrown At thE AnimAls.
→ rEprEsEntAtions oF humAn hAnDs Also ArE Common. thosE ArounD thE pECh-mErlE horsEs, AnD thE mAjorit
【单选题】 En l'an 2010, les médecins pourront remplacer toutes les parties du corps ,à part le cerveau ,et les faire marcher avec des ____________ électroniques si cela est nécessaire.
A．appareils
B．machines
C．outils
D．trucs
A．appareils
B．machines
C．outils
D．trucs
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