【单选题】 The work of Sarah Oarne Jewet, care-nineteenth-century writer, reflects a concern in the alienating consequence, of condustrialization and urbanization.
【单选题】 Most tangerine trees and their flowers and fruits resemble ______ the orange, although tangerines are generally smaller.
A．( of those
B．( which of those
C．( those of
D．( which are of
A．( of those
B．( which of those
C．( those of
D．( which are of
【单选题】The artist RomareBcarden was ______whose yellows, deep blues, and fuchsias contrasted strongly with photographic gray in his bright collages.
A、with a gift for color
B、a gifted colorist
C、a gift with colorful
D、gifted with coloring
A、with a gift for color
B、a gifted colorist
C、a gift with colorful
D、gifted with coloring
【单选题】 The author mentions the shoe industry in the second paragraph to provide an example of how
A．(entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended outwork system
B．(entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase output
C．(rural workers responded to "shoe bosses"
D．(changes in the outwork system improved the quality of shoes
A．(entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended outwork system
B．(entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase output
C．(rural workers responded to "shoe bosses"
D．(changes in the outwork system improved the quality of shoes
【单选题】origins oF jAzz musiC
thE musiCAl phEnomEnon known As jAzz DEvElopED in thE yEArs just prior to 1900, mAinly in thE City oF nEw orlEAns AnD to A lEssEr ExtEnt in othEr lArgEAmEriCAn CitiEs. thE roots oF this quintEssEntiAllyAmEriCAn musiC ArE vAriED AnD ComplEx, But sEvErAl mAin strAnDs oF CulturE AnD musiCAl trADition CAn BE thought oF As prECursors whiCh EvEntuAlly CulminAtED in A rECognizABlE musiCAl gEnrE.
it is proBABlE thAt BlACkAFriCAns who wErE Brought to thE nEw worlD to work As slAvEs on plAntAtions CArriED with thEm An ABility to improvisE in musiC, in othEr worDs, to spontAnEously vAry inDiviDuAl pArts in A musiCAl pErFormAnCE.
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whilE working As slAvEs on plAntAtions AnD lAtEr As FrEE hAnDs in work plACEs, BlACks usED work songs with A DEgrEE oF improvisAtion, rECAlling thEirAFriCAn hEritAgE, As A rhythm to EAsE thE pAin oF hArD mAnuAl lABor.
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thEsE songs inCluDED spirituAls, thAt is, rEligious songs ExprEssing thE hArD ConDition oF BEing slAvEs, AnD FiElD hollErs, whiCh wErE A Form oF CommuniCAtion BEtwEEn FiElD hAnDs.
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thE proBlEms FACED By thE nEwly FrEED slAvEs Also BECAmE mAtEriAl For A stylE oF singing whiCh originAtED in moAning AnD lAmEntAtions ABout thE DiFFiCultiEs oF liFE.At First thEsE improvisAtions wErE not ACCompAniED By instrumEnts, But lAtEr, trAvEling musiCiAns with guitArs or BAnjos CrEAtED sounDs with soAring AnD sliDing pitCh.
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EvEntuAlly A pAttErn oF musiC EmErgED whiCh wAs rEFErrED to As thE BluEs, An importAnt ComponEnt oF EArly jAzz Forms.
AnothEr importAnt ingrEDiEnt in thE FormAtion oF jAzz is whAt BECAmE known As rAgtimE, A musiCAl Form thAt FlourishED From ABout 1890 until thE stArt oF worlD wAr i, in whiCh thE mEloDy oF A tunE wAs synCopAtED ovEr thE BAss linE AnD gAvE A rAggED FEEl. rAgtimE EvEntuAlly BECAmE FormAlizED AnD writtEn, But thE stylE oF thE rAgtimE tunEs wAs inFluEntiAl in Forming thE EArly DirECtion oF jAzz musiC、
musiCologists hAvE pointED out thAt nEw orlEAns BECAmE thE FoCAl point oF EArly jAzz pErFormAnCE BECAusE BrAss instrumEnts usED By militiA BAnDs During thECivil wAr AnD By town BAnDs For EntErtAinmEnt BEgAn to FinD thEir wAy into sEConDhAnD storEs AnD pAwn shops in nEw orlEAns. this EnABlED poorEr pEoplE to oBtAin instrumEnts ChEAply. thE DEmAnD For livE musiC wAs so grEAt thAt mAny oF thEsE AmAtEurs, whosE mAstEry oF thEsE ChEAply Bought instrumEnts wAs oFtEn inComplEtE, wErE CAllED on to pErForm, thEir unpolishED stylE mAy hAvE BEEn An importAnt ingrEDiEnt oF thE spontAnEous AnD unorthoDox sounD typiCAl oF EArly jAzz.
ACCorDing to lEn wEinstoCk, A historiAn oF jAzz, AnothEr rEAson why nEw orlEAns BECAmE A CEntEr oF this musiCAl stylE wAs thE ExistEnCE within thE City’s populAtion oF A lArgE group oF FrEnCh AnD spAnish sEttlErs who prEsErvED thEir ChArACtEristiC spEECh AnD CulturE. through intErmArriAgE withAFriCAnAmEriCAns, A suBCulturE oF DEsCEnDAnts DEvElopED, thECrEolEs. sinCE thECrEolEs in nEw orlEAns hAD not BEEn EnslAvED, mAny oF thEm BECAmE DistinguishED in thE EConomiC AnD CulturAl liFE oF thE FrEnCh sECtion oF thE City.CrEolEs hAD thEir own musiCAl rEsourCEs inFluEnCED By FrEnCh or spAnish ColoniAl trADitions, But somE wErE Also FormAlly trAinED in thEEuropEAn ClAssiCAl trADition AnD lEArnED thE prECisE tEChniquEs AnD tonAl sophistiCAtion nECEssAry to plAy in ChAmBEr EnsEmBlEs AnD EvEn At thE opErA housE. howEvEr, in 1894,CrEolEs living in nEw orlEAns wErE ForCED By A rACiAl sEgrEgAtion lAw to movE to thE ArEA oF thE City inhABitED By thE poor, lArgEly unEDuCAtED BlACk populAtion whosE musiCAl trADition wAs typiCAlly ChArACtErizED By mEmorizAtion An
thE musiCAl phEnomEnon known As jAzz DEvElopED in thE yEArs just prior to 1900, mAinly in thE City oF nEw orlEAns AnD to A lEssEr ExtEnt in othEr lArgEAmEriCAn CitiEs. thE roots oF this quintEssEntiAllyAmEriCAn musiC ArE vAriED AnD ComplEx, But sEvErAl mAin strAnDs oF CulturE AnD musiCAl trADition CAn BE thought oF As prECursors whiCh EvEntuAlly CulminAtED in A rECognizABlE musiCAl gEnrE.
it is proBABlE thAt BlACkAFriCAns who wErE Brought to thE nEw worlD to work As slAvEs on plAntAtions CArriED with thEm An ABility to improvisE in musiC, in othEr worDs, to spontAnEously vAry inDiviDuAl pArts in A musiCAl pErFormAnCE.
AnothEr importAnt ingrEDiEnt in thE FormAtion oF jAzz is whAt BECAmE known As rAgtimE, A musiCAl Form thAt FlourishED From ABout 1890 until thE stArt oF worlD wAr i, in whiCh thE mEloDy oF A tunE wAs synCopAtED ovEr thE BAss linE AnD gAvE A rAggED FEEl. rAgtimE EvEntuAlly BECAmE FormAlizED AnD writtEn, But thE stylE oF thE rAgtimE tunEs wAs inFluEntiAl in Forming thE EArly DirECtion oF jAzz musiC、
musiCologists hAvE pointED out thAt nEw orlEAns BECAmE thE FoCAl point oF EArly jAzz pErFormAnCE BECAusE BrAss instrumEnts usED By militiA BAnDs During thECivil wAr AnD By town BAnDs For EntErtAinmEnt BEgAn to FinD thEir wAy into sEConDhAnD storEs AnD pAwn shops in nEw orlEAns. this EnABlED poorEr pEoplE to oBtAin instrumEnts ChEAply. thE DEmAnD For livE musiC wAs so grEAt thAt mAny oF thEsE AmAtEurs, whosE mAstEry oF thEsE ChEAply Bought instrumEnts wAs oFtEn inComplEtE, wErE CAllED on to pErForm, thEir unpolishED stylE mAy hAvE BEEn An importAnt ingrEDiEnt oF thE spontAnEous AnD unorthoDox sounD typiCAl oF EArly jAzz.
ACCorDing to lEn wEinstoCk, A historiAn oF jAzz, AnothEr rEAson why nEw orlEAns BECAmE A CEntEr oF this musiCAl stylE wAs thE ExistEnCE within thE City’s populAtion oF A lArgE group oF FrEnCh AnD spAnish sEttlErs who prEsErvED thEir ChArACtEristiC spEECh AnD CulturE. through intErmArriAgE withAFriCAnAmEriCAns, A suBCulturE oF DEsCEnDAnts DEvElopED, thECrEolEs. sinCE thECrEolEs in nEw orlEAns hAD not BEEn EnslAvED, mAny oF thEm BECAmE DistinguishED in thE EConomiC AnD CulturAl liFE oF thE FrEnCh sECtion oF thE City.CrEolEs hAD thEir own musiCAl rEsourCEs inFluEnCED By FrEnCh or spAnish ColoniAl trADitions, But somE wErE Also FormAlly trAinED in thEEuropEAn ClAssiCAl trADition AnD lEArnED thE prECisE tEChniquEs AnD tonAl sophistiCAtion nECEssAry to plAy in ChAmBEr EnsEmBlEs AnD EvEn At thE opErA housE. howEvEr, in 1894,CrEolEs living in nEw orlEAns wErE ForCED By A rACiAl sEgrEgAtion lAw to movE to thE ArEA oF thE City inhABitED By thE poor, lArgEly unEDuCAtED BlACk populAtion whosE musiCAl trADition wAs typiCAlly ChArACtErizED By mEmorizAtion An
【单选题】rEADing 1 "ExotiC AnDEnDAngErED spECiEs"
→ whEn you hEAr somEonE BuBBling EnthusiAstiCAlly ABout An ExotiC spECiEs, you CAn sAFEly BEt thE spEAkEr isn’t An ECologist. this is A nAmE For A rEsiDEnt oF An EstABlishED Community thAt wAs DEliBErAtEly or ACCiDEntAlly movED From its homE rAngE AnD BECAmE EstABlishED ElsEwhErE. unlikE most imports, whiCh CAn’t tAkE holD outsiDE thEir homE rAngE, An ExotiC spECiEs pErmAnEntly insinuAtEs itsElF into A nEw Community.
somEtimEs thE ADDitions ArE hArmlEss AnD EvEn hAvE BEnEFiCiAl EFFECts. morE oFtEn, thEy mAkE nAtivE spECiEs EnDAngErED spECiEs, whiCh By DEFinition ArE ExtrEmEly vulnErABlE to ExtinCtion. oF All spECiEs on thE rArE or EnDAngErED lists or thAt rECEntly BECAmE ExtinCt, ClosE to 70 pErCEnt owE thEir prECArious ExistEnCE or DEmisE to DisplACEmEnt By ExotiC spECiEs. two ExAmplEs ArE inCluDED hErE to illustrAtE thE proBlEm.
During thE 1800s,British sEttlErs inAustrAliA just CoulDn’t BonD with thE koAlAs AnD kAngAroos, so thEy stArtED to import FAmiliAr AnimAls From thEir homElAnD、in 1859, in whAt woulD BE thE stArt oF A wholEsAlE DisAstEr, A northErnAustrAliAn lAnDownEr importED AnD thEn rElEAsED two DozEn wilDEuropEAn rABBits (oryCtolAgus CuniCulus). gooD FooD AnD gooD sport hunting—thAt wAs thE iDEA、An iDEAl rABBit hABitAt with no nAturAl prEDAtors wAs thE rEAlity.
six yEArs lAtEr, thE lAnDownEr hAD killED 20,000 rABBits AnD wAs BEsiEgED By 20,000 morE. thE rABBits DisplACED livEstoCk, EvEn kAngAroos. nowAustrAliA hAs 200 to 300 million hippityhopping through thE southErn hAlF oF thE Country. thEy ovErgrAzE pErEnniAl grAssEs in gooD timEs AnD strip BArk From shruBs AnD trEEs During Droughts. you know whErE thEy’vE BEEn; thEy trAnsForm grAsslAnDs AnD shruBlAnDs into EroDED DEsErts. thEy hAvE BEEn shot AnD poisonED、thEir wArrEns hAvE BEEn plowED unDEr, FumigAtED, AnD DynAmitED、EvEn whEn All-out AssAults rEDuCED thEir populAtion sizE By 70 pErCEnt, thE rApiDly rEproDuCing imports mADE A ComEBACk in lEss thAn A yEAr.DiD thE ConstruCtion oF A 2,000-milE-long FEnCE protECt wEstErnAustrAliA no. rABBits mADE it to thE othEr siDE BEForE workErs FinishED thE FEnCE.
→ in 1951, govErnmEnt workErs introDuCED A myxomA virus By wAy oF milDly inFECtED southAmEriCAn rABBits, its normAl hosts. this virus CAusEs myxomAtosis. thE DisEAsE hAs milD EFFECts on southAmEriCAn rABBits thAt CoEvolvED with thE virus But nEArly AlwAys hAD lEthAl EFFECts on o. CuniCulus.Biting insECts, mAinly mosquitoEs AnD FlEAs, quiCkly trAnsmit thE virus From host to host. hAving no CoEvolvED DEFEnsEs AgAinst thE novEl virus, thEEuropEAn rABBits DiED in DrovEs.But, As you might ExpECt, nAturAl sElECtion hAs sinCE FAvorED rApiD growth oF populAtions oF o. CuniCulus rEsistAnt to thE virus.
→ in 1991, on An uninhABitED islAnD in spEnCEr gulF,AustrAliAn rEsEArChErs rElEAsED A populAtion oF rABBits thAt thEy hAD injECtED with A CAlCivirus. thE rABBits DiED quiCkly AnD rElAtivEly pAinlEssly From BlooD Clots in thEir lungs, hEArts, AnD kiDnEys. in 1995, thE tEst virus EsCApED From thE islAnD, possiBly on insECt vECtors. it hAs BEEn killing 80 to 95 pErCEnt oF thE ADult rABBits inAustrAliAn rEgions.At this writing, rEsEArChErs ArE now quEstioning whEthEr thE CAlCivirus shoulD BE usED on A wiDEsprEAD sCAlE, whEthEr it CAn jump BounDAriEs AnD inFECt AnimAls othEr thAn rABBits (suCh As humAns); AnD whAt thE long-tErm ConsEquEnCEs will BE.
A、vinE CAllED kuDzu (puErAriA loBAtA) wAs DEliBErAtEly importED From jApAn to thE unitED stAtEs, whErE it FACEs no sErious thrEAts From hErBivorEs, pAthogEns, or CompEtitor plAnts. in tEmpErAtE pArts oFAsiA, it is A wEll-BEhAvED lEgumE with A wEll-DEvElopED root systEm. it sEEmED likE A gooD iDEA to usE it to Control Erosion on hills AnD highwAy EmBAnkmEnts in thE southEAstErn unitED stAtEs.
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with nothing to stop it, though, ku
→ whEn you hEAr somEonE BuBBling EnthusiAstiCAlly ABout An ExotiC spECiEs, you CAn sAFEly BEt thE spEAkEr isn’t An ECologist. this is A nAmE For A rEsiDEnt oF An EstABlishED Community thAt wAs DEliBErAtEly or ACCiDEntAlly movED From its homE rAngE AnD BECAmE EstABlishED ElsEwhErE. unlikE most imports, whiCh CAn’t tAkE holD outsiDE thEir homE rAngE, An ExotiC spECiEs pErmAnEntly insinuAtEs itsElF into A nEw Community.
somEtimEs thE ADDitions ArE hArmlEss AnD EvEn hAvE BEnEFiCiAl EFFECts. morE oFtEn, thEy mAkE nAtivE spECiEs EnDAngErED spECiEs, whiCh By DEFinition ArE ExtrEmEly vulnErABlE to ExtinCtion. oF All spECiEs on thE rArE or EnDAngErED lists or thAt rECEntly BECAmE ExtinCt, ClosE to 70 pErCEnt owE thEir prECArious ExistEnCE or DEmisE to DisplACEmEnt By ExotiC spECiEs. two ExAmplEs ArE inCluDED hErE to illustrAtE thE proBlEm.
During thE 1800s,British sEttlErs inAustrAliA just CoulDn’t BonD with thE koAlAs AnD kAngAroos, so thEy stArtED to import FAmiliAr AnimAls From thEir homElAnD、in 1859, in whAt woulD BE thE stArt oF A wholEsAlE DisAstEr, A northErnAustrAliAn lAnDownEr importED AnD thEn rElEAsED two DozEn wilDEuropEAn rABBits (oryCtolAgus CuniCulus). gooD FooD AnD gooD sport hunting—thAt wAs thE iDEA、An iDEAl rABBit hABitAt with no nAturAl prEDAtors wAs thE rEAlity.
six yEArs lAtEr, thE lAnDownEr hAD killED 20,000 rABBits AnD wAs BEsiEgED By 20,000 morE. thE rABBits DisplACED livEstoCk, EvEn kAngAroos. nowAustrAliA hAs 200 to 300 million hippityhopping through thE southErn hAlF oF thE Country. thEy ovErgrAzE pErEnniAl grAssEs in gooD timEs AnD strip BArk From shruBs AnD trEEs During Droughts. you know whErE thEy’vE BEEn; thEy trAnsForm grAsslAnDs AnD shruBlAnDs into EroDED DEsErts. thEy hAvE BEEn shot AnD poisonED、thEir wArrEns hAvE BEEn plowED unDEr, FumigAtED, AnD DynAmitED、EvEn whEn All-out AssAults rEDuCED thEir populAtion sizE By 70 pErCEnt, thE rApiDly rEproDuCing imports mADE A ComEBACk in lEss thAn A yEAr.DiD thE ConstruCtion oF A 2,000-milE-long FEnCE protECt wEstErnAustrAliA no. rABBits mADE it to thE othEr siDE BEForE workErs FinishED thE FEnCE.
→ in 1951, govErnmEnt workErs introDuCED A myxomA virus By wAy oF milDly inFECtED southAmEriCAn rABBits, its normAl hosts. this virus CAusEs myxomAtosis. thE DisEAsE hAs milD EFFECts on southAmEriCAn rABBits thAt CoEvolvED with thE virus But nEArly AlwAys hAD lEthAl EFFECts on o. CuniCulus.Biting insECts, mAinly mosquitoEs AnD FlEAs, quiCkly trAnsmit thE virus From host to host. hAving no CoEvolvED DEFEnsEs AgAinst thE novEl virus, thEEuropEAn rABBits DiED in DrovEs.But, As you might ExpECt, nAturAl sElECtion hAs sinCE FAvorED rApiD growth oF populAtions oF o. CuniCulus rEsistAnt to thE virus.
→ in 1991, on An uninhABitED islAnD in spEnCEr gulF,AustrAliAn rEsEArChErs rElEAsED A populAtion oF rABBits thAt thEy hAD injECtED with A CAlCivirus. thE rABBits DiED quiCkly AnD rElAtivEly pAinlEssly From BlooD Clots in thEir lungs, hEArts, AnD kiDnEys. in 1995, thE tEst virus EsCApED From thE islAnD, possiBly on insECt vECtors. it hAs BEEn killing 80 to 95 pErCEnt oF thE ADult rABBits inAustrAliAn rEgions.At this writing, rEsEArChErs ArE now quEstioning whEthEr thE CAlCivirus shoulD BE usED on A wiDEsprEAD sCAlE, whEthEr it CAn jump BounDAriEs AnD inFECt AnimAls othEr thAn rABBits (suCh As humAns); AnD whAt thE long-tErm ConsEquEnCEs will BE.
A、vinE CAllED kuDzu (puErAriA loBAtA) wAs DEliBErAtEly importED From jApAn to thE unitED stAtEs, whErE it FACEs no sErious thrEAts From hErBivorEs, pAthogEns, or CompEtitor plAnts. in tEmpErAtE pArts oFAsiA, it is A wEll-BEhAvED lEgumE with A wEll-DEvElopED root systEm. it sEEmED likE A gooD iDEA to usE it to Control Erosion on hills AnD highwAy EmBAnkmEnts in thE southEAstErn unitED stAtEs.
【单选题】 Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2
A．(Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language
B．( Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways
C．( Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language
D．( The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak
A．(Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language
B．( Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways
C．( Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language
D．( The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak
【单选题】 The word "alert" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
A．(allow
B．( transport
C．( ware
D．( provide
A．(allow
B．( transport
C．( ware
D．( provide
【单选题】 The author mentions the trail pheromone of the leafcutter ant in line 11 to point out
A．( how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail
B．( the different types of pheromones ants can produce
C．( a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world
D．( that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone
A．( how little pheromone is needed to mark a trail
B．( the different types of pheromones ants can produce
C．( a type of ant that is common in many parts of the world
D．( that certain ants can produce up to one milligram of pheromone
【单选题】sCiEnCE FiCtion notAny morE
sCiEnCE FiCtion hAs oFtEn BEEn thE sourCE oF inspirAtion For nEw tEChnologiEs. thE ExoskElEtons AnD hEAD-mountED DisplAys FEAturED in thE Film "AliEns", For ExAmplE, spAwnED A numBEr oF militAry-FunDED projECts to try to CrEAtE similAr tEChnologiEs.AutomAtiC sliDing Doors might nEvEr hAvE BEComE populAr hAD thEy not AppEArED on thE tElEvision sEriEs "stAr trEk".AnD thE populArity oF Flip-top or "ClAmshEll" moBilE phonEs mAy stEm From thE DEsirE to look likECAptAin kirk Flipping opEn his CommuniCAtor on thE sAmE progrAm.
now it sEEms thAt "stAr trEk" hAs DonE it AgAin. this month,AmEriCAn solDiErs in irAq will BEgin triAls oF A DEviCE inspirED By thE "Comm BADgE" FEAturED in "stAr trEk: thE nExt gEnErAtion". likE CrEw mEmBErs oF thE stArshipEntErprisE, solDiErs will BE ABlE to tAlk to othEr mEmBErs oF thEir unit just By tApping AnD thEn spEAking into A smAll BADgE worn on thE ChEst. whAt sEts thE Comm BADgE ApArt From A mErE wAlkiE-tAlkiE, AnD AppEAls to "stAr trEk" FAns, is thE systEm’s AppArEnt intElligEnCE. it works out who you ArE CAlling From spokEn CommAnDs, AnD ConnECts you instAntly.
thE systEm, DEvElopED By voCErACommuniCAtions oFCupErtino,CAliForniA, usEs A ComBinAtion oF wi-Fi wirElEss nEtworking AnD voiCE-ovEr-intErnEt protoCol (volp) tEChnologiEs to link up thE BADgEs viA A CEntrAl sErvEr, Akin to A switChBoArD、thE BADgEs ArE AlrEADy BEing usED in 80 lArgE institutions, most oF thEm hospitAls, to rEplACE ovErhEAD pAging systEms, sAysBrEnt lAng, voCErA’s viCE-prEsiDEnt.
likE its sCiEnCE-FiCtion CountErpArt, thE BADgE is DEsignED so thAt All FunCtions CAn BE CArriED out By prEssing A singlE Button. on prEssing it, thE CAllEr givEs A CommAnD AnD spECiFiEs thE nAmE oF A pErson or group oF pEoplE, suCh As "CAllDr. smith" or "loCAtE thE nEArEst AnEsthEsiologist". voiCE-rECognition soFtwArE intErprEts thE CommAnDs AnD loCAtEs thE AppropriAtE pErson or group, BAsED on whiChEvEr wi-Fi BAsE-stAtion thEy ArE ClosEst to. thE pErson rECEiving thE CAll thEn hEArs An AuDiBlE AlErt stAting thE nAmE oF thE CAllEr AnD, iF hE or shE wishEs to tAkE thE CAll, rEsponDs By tApping thE BADgE AnD stArting to spEAk.
thAt highlights A kEy DiFFErEnCE BEtwEEn thE "stAr trEk" Comm BADgE AnD thE rEAl-liFE vErsion:
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voCErA’s implEmEntAtion Allows pEoplE to rEjECt inComing CAlls, rAthEr thAn hAving thE voiCE oF thE CAllEr pAtChED through AutomAtiCAlly.
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But EvEn thE most purist FAns CAn ForgivE voCErA For DEviAting From thE sCript in this wAy, sAysDAviDBAtChElor, An AstrophysiCist AnD " stAr trEk" EnthusiAst At nAsA’s goDDArD spACE FlightCEntEr in grEEnBElt, mArylAnD、
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For thErE ArE, hE notEs, somE Curious AspECts to thE BEhAvior oF thE Comm BADgEs in "stAr trEk".
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whEn thE CAptAin oF thEEntErprisE sAys "piCArD to siCk-BAy: mEDiCAl EmErgEnCy on thE BriDgE", For ExAmplE, his BADgE somEhow ConnECts him to thE siCk-BAy BEForE hE hAs stAtED thE DEstinAtion oF thE CAll.
Allowing BADgE usErs to rEjECt inComing CAlls iF thEy ArE Busy, rAthEr thAn BEing ConnECtED instAntly, wAs A FEAturE ADDED At thE rEquEst oF CustomErs, sAys mr. lAng.But in Almost All othEr rEspECts thE BADgEs work just likE thEir FiCtionAl CountErpArts. this is not vEry surprising, sAys lAwrEnCE krAuss, An AstrophysiCist AtCAsE wEstErn rEsErvE univErsity inClEvElAnD, ohio, AnD thE Author oF "thE physiCs oF stAr trEk". in sCiEnCE FiCtion, AnD pArtiCulArly in "stAr trEk", most proBlEms hAvE tEChnologiCAl FixEs. somEtimEs, it sEEms, thosE FixEs CAn BE AppliED to rEAl-worlD proBlEms too.
voCErA’s systEm is pArtiCulArly wEll suitED to hospitAls, sAysChristinE tAr
sCiEnCE FiCtion hAs oFtEn BEEn thE sourCE oF inspirAtion For nEw tEChnologiEs. thE ExoskElEtons AnD hEAD-mountED DisplAys FEAturED in thE Film "AliEns", For ExAmplE, spAwnED A numBEr oF militAry-FunDED projECts to try to CrEAtE similAr tEChnologiEs.AutomAtiC sliDing Doors might nEvEr hAvE BEComE populAr hAD thEy not AppEArED on thE tElEvision sEriEs "stAr trEk".AnD thE populArity oF Flip-top or "ClAmshEll" moBilE phonEs mAy stEm From thE DEsirE to look likECAptAin kirk Flipping opEn his CommuniCAtor on thE sAmE progrAm.
now it sEEms thAt "stAr trEk" hAs DonE it AgAin. this month,AmEriCAn solDiErs in irAq will BEgin triAls oF A DEviCE inspirED By thE "Comm BADgE" FEAturED in "stAr trEk: thE nExt gEnErAtion". likE CrEw mEmBErs oF thE stArshipEntErprisE, solDiErs will BE ABlE to tAlk to othEr mEmBErs oF thEir unit just By tApping AnD thEn spEAking into A smAll BADgE worn on thE ChEst. whAt sEts thE Comm BADgE ApArt From A mErE wAlkiE-tAlkiE, AnD AppEAls to "stAr trEk" FAns, is thE systEm’s AppArEnt intElligEnCE. it works out who you ArE CAlling From spokEn CommAnDs, AnD ConnECts you instAntly.
thE systEm, DEvElopED By voCErACommuniCAtions oFCupErtino,CAliForniA, usEs A ComBinAtion oF wi-Fi wirElEss nEtworking AnD voiCE-ovEr-intErnEt protoCol (volp) tEChnologiEs to link up thE BADgEs viA A CEntrAl sErvEr, Akin to A switChBoArD、thE BADgEs ArE AlrEADy BEing usED in 80 lArgE institutions, most oF thEm hospitAls, to rEplACE ovErhEAD pAging systEms, sAysBrEnt lAng, voCErA’s viCE-prEsiDEnt.
likE its sCiEnCE-FiCtion CountErpArt, thE BADgE is DEsignED so thAt All FunCtions CAn BE CArriED out By prEssing A singlE Button. on prEssing it, thE CAllEr givEs A CommAnD AnD spECiFiEs thE nAmE oF A pErson or group oF pEoplE, suCh As "CAllDr. smith" or "loCAtE thE nEArEst AnEsthEsiologist". voiCE-rECognition soFtwArE intErprEts thE CommAnDs AnD loCAtEs thE AppropriAtE pErson or group, BAsED on whiChEvEr wi-Fi BAsE-stAtion thEy ArE ClosEst to. thE pErson rECEiving thE CAll thEn hEArs An AuDiBlE AlErt stAting thE nAmE oF thE CAllEr AnD, iF hE or shE wishEs to tAkE thE CAll, rEsponDs By tApping thE BADgE AnD stArting to spEAk.
thAt highlights A kEy DiFFErEnCE BEtwEEn thE "stAr trEk" Comm BADgE AnD thE rEAl-liFE vErsion:
Allowing BADgE usErs to rEjECt inComing CAlls iF thEy ArE Busy, rAthEr thAn BEing ConnECtED instAntly, wAs A FEAturE ADDED At thE rEquEst oF CustomErs, sAys mr. lAng.But in Almost All othEr rEspECts thE BADgEs work just likE thEir FiCtionAl CountErpArts. this is not vEry surprising, sAys lAwrEnCE krAuss, An AstrophysiCist AtCAsE wEstErn rEsErvE univErsity inClEvElAnD, ohio, AnD thE Author oF "thE physiCs oF stAr trEk". in sCiEnCE FiCtion, AnD pArtiCulArly in "stAr trEk", most proBlEms hAvE tEChnologiCAl FixEs. somEtimEs, it sEEms, thosE FixEs CAn BE AppliED to rEAl-worlD proBlEms too.
voCErA’s systEm is pArtiCulArly wEll suitED to hospitAls, sAysChristinE tAr
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