【单选题】 The word "heightened" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
A．( complicated
B．( directed
C．( observed
D．( increased
A．( complicated
B．( directed
C．( observed
D．( increased
【单选题】 Which Of the following terms is defined in the passage
A．( "repertoire" (line 5)
B．( "satire" (line 9)
C．( "additive" (line 19)
D．( "rendering" (line 24)
A．( "repertoire" (line 5)
B．( "satire" (line 9)
C．( "additive" (line 19)
D．( "rendering" (line 24)
【多选题】 _________ Jane and Mary like different things, they are great friends.
A．Since
B．Despite
C．For
D．Although
A．Since
B．Despite
C．For
D．Although
【单选题】 What was special about flint enamel
A．Its even metallic shine
B．Its mottled appearance
C．Its spattered effect
D．Its varicolored streaks
A．Its even metallic shine
B．Its mottled appearance
C．Its spattered effect
D．Its varicolored streaks
【单选题】gADgEts with A sportingChAnCE
ConsumEr ElECtroniCs: nEw sports EquipmEnt, From tEnnis rACkEts to running shoEs, usEs proCEssing powEr to EnhAnCE pErFormAnCE. is thAt FAir why shoulD Aspiring AthlEtEs stAnD on thE siDElinEs whEn A spot oF ElECtroniC AssistAnCE CAn put thEm in thE miDDlE oF thE gAmE thAt is thE quEstion mAny sports-EquipmEnt mAkErs ArE Asking As thEy sEnsE An opportunity to Boost thEir sAlEs with high-tECh proDuCts. you CoulD CAll it thE rEvEngE oF thE nErDs: A nEw wAvE oF miCroChip-EquippED sporting gooDs promisEs to EnhAnCE thE pErFormAnCE oF noviCEs AnD non-sporting typEs AlikE--AnD CoulD EvEn mAkE DiFFiCult sports EAsiEr.
tAkE Cross-Country skiing. viCtor pEtrEnko, An EnginEEr AtDArtmouthCollEgE’s iCE rEsEArCh lAB in nEw hAmpshirE, hAs invEntED somE smArt ski-BrAkEs thAt, hE BEliEvEs, will inCrEAsE thE populArity oF Cross-Country skiing By mAking thE sport lEss ChAllEnging For BEginnErs. thE BrAkEs, CurrEntly BEing tEstED By A ski mAnuFACturEr in thEAlps, oFFEr thE nECEssAry FriCtion For A BiggEr "kiCk-oFF ForCE" AnD mAkE thE skis lEss likEly to sliDE BACkwArDs in thEir trACks. to mAkE this hAppEn, An ElECtriC CurrEnt From thE Bottom oF thE skis pulsEs through thE iCE, mElting A thin lAyEr oF snow thAt instAntly rEFrEEzEs AnD ACts As A sort oF gluE.
this is not thE only Form oF smArt ski to hit thE slopEs.AtomiC, A lEADing ski-mAkEr BAsED inAustriA, plAns to introDuCE A systEm lAtEr this yEAr thAt runs A DiAgnostiC sAFEty ChECk to EnsurE thAt thE ski BinDing is propErly ClosED, with thE rEsult BEing shown on A tiny Built-in liquiD-CrystAl DisplAy. mEAnwhilE, tEnnis EquipmEnt mAnuFACturErs ArE hoping thAt innovAtion will Bring nEw zip to thEir BusinEss As wEll. thEy CErtAinly nEED to Do somEthing: ACCorDing to sportsCAnlnFo, A mArkEt-rEsEArCh Firm BAsED in FloriDA, sAlEs oF tEnnis rACkEts inAmEriCA FEll 12.5% During thE First hAlF oF 2004 CompArED with thE First hAlF oF 2003.
with thE BAll ClEArly in thEir Court, rEsEArChErs At hEAD, A mAkEr oF sporting EquipmEnt, hAvE DEvisED A proDuCt thAt shoulD AppEAl to plAyErs suFFEring From tEnnis ElBow.A、Chip insiDE thE rACkEt Controls piEzo-ElECtriC FiBrEs, whiCh ConvErt mEChAniCAl EnErgy From thE BAll’s impACt into ElECtriCAl potEntiAl EnErgy. this EnErgy is thEn usED to gEnErAtE A CountEr-ForCE in thE piEzo-ElECtriC FiBrEs thAt CAusEs A DAmpEning EFFECt.All oF this, thE Firm sAys, trAnslAtEs into lEss strEss on thE ElBow. hEAD ClAims thAt rEsiDuAl viBrAtions in thE rACkEt ArE DAmpEnED twiCE As FAst As in ConvEntionAl rACkEts, rEDuCing thE shoCk ExpEriEnCED By thE plAyEr’s Arm By morE thAn 50%.
no DouBt purists will oBjECt thAt this is simply not CriCkEt. rulE-mAkErs in mAny sports ArE now BEing ForCED to ConsiDEr thE impliCAtions oF EquipmEnt thAt promisEs to AugmEnt AthlEtEs’ pErFormAnCE with ElECtroniC musClE. thE intErnAtionAl tEnnis FEDErAtion, thAt BoDy is rEsponsiBlE For sEtting thE rulEs oF thE gAmE, hAs spECiFiED in its most rECEnt guiDElinEs thAt "no EnErgy sourCE thAt in Any wAy ChAngEs or AFFECts thE plAying ChArACtEristiCs oF A rACkEt mAy BE Built into or AttAChED to A rACkEt".
yEt DEspitE suCh worDing, thE guiDElinE DoEs not ACtuAlly EliminAtE thE usE oF hEAD’s smArt rACkEts, BECAusE thErE is no ExtErnAl EnErgy sourCE--thE DAmping EFFECt rEliEs solEly on EnErgy From thE BAll’s impACt. though high-tECh EquipmEnt mAy CAusE ControvErsy on thE Court, tEnnis CluBs hAvE to ADhErE to thE guiDElinEs sEt For thE sport, ExplAins stuArt millEr, thE itF’s tEChniCAl mAnAgEr.AnD iF thE rulEs Allow sElF-gEnErAtED ForCEs to moDiFy A rACkEt’s rEsponsE, so BE it.
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DiFFErEnt sports hAvE EnCountErED DiFFErEnt tEChnologiEs, though thE FuturE will unDouBtEDly Bring morE ovErlAp.
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in golF, gADgEts thAt pinpoint thE loCAtion oF thE g
ConsumEr ElECtroniCs: nEw sports EquipmEnt, From tEnnis rACkEts to running shoEs, usEs proCEssing powEr to EnhAnCE pErFormAnCE. is thAt FAir why shoulD Aspiring AthlEtEs stAnD on thE siDElinEs whEn A spot oF ElECtroniC AssistAnCE CAn put thEm in thE miDDlE oF thE gAmE thAt is thE quEstion mAny sports-EquipmEnt mAkErs ArE Asking As thEy sEnsE An opportunity to Boost thEir sAlEs with high-tECh proDuCts. you CoulD CAll it thE rEvEngE oF thE nErDs: A nEw wAvE oF miCroChip-EquippED sporting gooDs promisEs to EnhAnCE thE pErFormAnCE oF noviCEs AnD non-sporting typEs AlikE--AnD CoulD EvEn mAkE DiFFiCult sports EAsiEr.
tAkE Cross-Country skiing. viCtor pEtrEnko, An EnginEEr AtDArtmouthCollEgE’s iCE rEsEArCh lAB in nEw hAmpshirE, hAs invEntED somE smArt ski-BrAkEs thAt, hE BEliEvEs, will inCrEAsE thE populArity oF Cross-Country skiing By mAking thE sport lEss ChAllEnging For BEginnErs. thE BrAkEs, CurrEntly BEing tEstED By A ski mAnuFACturEr in thEAlps, oFFEr thE nECEssAry FriCtion For A BiggEr "kiCk-oFF ForCE" AnD mAkE thE skis lEss likEly to sliDE BACkwArDs in thEir trACks. to mAkE this hAppEn, An ElECtriC CurrEnt From thE Bottom oF thE skis pulsEs through thE iCE, mElting A thin lAyEr oF snow thAt instAntly rEFrEEzEs AnD ACts As A sort oF gluE.
this is not thE only Form oF smArt ski to hit thE slopEs.AtomiC, A lEADing ski-mAkEr BAsED inAustriA, plAns to introDuCE A systEm lAtEr this yEAr thAt runs A DiAgnostiC sAFEty ChECk to EnsurE thAt thE ski BinDing is propErly ClosED, with thE rEsult BEing shown on A tiny Built-in liquiD-CrystAl DisplAy. mEAnwhilE, tEnnis EquipmEnt mAnuFACturErs ArE hoping thAt innovAtion will Bring nEw zip to thEir BusinEss As wEll. thEy CErtAinly nEED to Do somEthing: ACCorDing to sportsCAnlnFo, A mArkEt-rEsEArCh Firm BAsED in FloriDA, sAlEs oF tEnnis rACkEts inAmEriCA FEll 12.5% During thE First hAlF oF 2004 CompArED with thE First hAlF oF 2003.
with thE BAll ClEArly in thEir Court, rEsEArChErs At hEAD, A mAkEr oF sporting EquipmEnt, hAvE DEvisED A proDuCt thAt shoulD AppEAl to plAyErs suFFEring From tEnnis ElBow.A、Chip insiDE thE rACkEt Controls piEzo-ElECtriC FiBrEs, whiCh ConvErt mEChAniCAl EnErgy From thE BAll’s impACt into ElECtriCAl potEntiAl EnErgy. this EnErgy is thEn usED to gEnErAtE A CountEr-ForCE in thE piEzo-ElECtriC FiBrEs thAt CAusEs A DAmpEning EFFECt.All oF this, thE Firm sAys, trAnslAtEs into lEss strEss on thE ElBow. hEAD ClAims thAt rEsiDuAl viBrAtions in thE rACkEt ArE DAmpEnED twiCE As FAst As in ConvEntionAl rACkEts, rEDuCing thE shoCk ExpEriEnCED By thE plAyEr’s Arm By morE thAn 50%.
no DouBt purists will oBjECt thAt this is simply not CriCkEt. rulE-mAkErs in mAny sports ArE now BEing ForCED to ConsiDEr thE impliCAtions oF EquipmEnt thAt promisEs to AugmEnt AthlEtEs’ pErFormAnCE with ElECtroniC musClE. thE intErnAtionAl tEnnis FEDErAtion, thAt BoDy is rEsponsiBlE For sEtting thE rulEs oF thE gAmE, hAs spECiFiED in its most rECEnt guiDElinEs thAt "no EnErgy sourCE thAt in Any wAy ChAngEs or AFFECts thE plAying ChArACtEristiCs oF A rACkEt mAy BE Built into or AttAChED to A rACkEt".
yEt DEspitE suCh worDing, thE guiDElinE DoEs not ACtuAlly EliminAtE thE usE oF hEAD’s smArt rACkEts, BECAusE thErE is no ExtErnAl EnErgy sourCE--thE DAmping EFFECt rEliEs solEly on EnErgy From thE BAll’s impACt. though high-tECh EquipmEnt mAy CAusE ControvErsy on thE Court, tEnnis CluBs hAvE to ADhErE to thE guiDElinEs sEt For thE sport, ExplAins stuArt millEr, thE itF’s tEChniCAl mAnAgEr.AnD iF thE rulEs Allow sElF-gEnErAtED ForCEs to moDiFy A rACkEt’s rEsponsE, so BE it.
【单选题】 The word "exercise" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
A．( utilize
B．( consider
C．( design
D．( defend
A．( utilize
B．( consider
C．( design
D．( defend
【单选题】 The word "Accordingly" in line 24 is closest in meaning to
A．( However
B．( Consequently
C．( Nevertheless
D．( Ultimately
A．( However
B．( Consequently
C．( Nevertheless
D．( Ultimately
【单选题】 The Arctic fox is found throughout the Arctic, usually on tundra or mountains ______ the sea.
A．(by which near
B．( near of
C．( because near
D．( near
A．(by which near
B．( near of
C．( because near
D．( near
【单选题】wAtErAnD、liFE、on mArs
1thE prEsEnCE or ABsEnCE oF wAtEr hAs A DirECt BEAring on thE possiBility oF liFE on othEr plAnEts. in thE ninEtEEnth CEntury, it wAs Commonly ACCEptED thAt liFE, pErhAps EvEn intElligEnt liFE, wAs wiDEsprEAD in thE solAr systEm, AnD mArs wAs An oBvious tArgEt in thE sEArCh For liFE. nEw photogrAphiC tEChnology oFFErED A wAy For AstronomErs to lEArn morE ABout thE rED plAnEt. in 1888, itAliAn AstronomEr giovAnni sChiApArElli proDuCED imAgEs thAt showED A nEtwork oF long, thin, DArk linEs Crossing thE surFACE oF mArs. hE CAllED thEsE FEAturEs CAnAli in itAliAn, whiCh BECAmE "CAnAls" or "ChAnnEls" inEnglish. thE strAngE AppEArAnCE oF thE CAnAls suggEstED to somE sCiEntists thAt thEy hAD BEEn FormED ArtiFiCiAlly rAthEr thAn nAturAlly. thE mystEry DEEpEnED whEn sChiApArElli oBsErvED thAt mAny oF thE CAnAls in thE photogrAphs wErE ACtuAlly DouBlE.
2othEr photogrAphiC imAgEs oF mArs rEvEAlED its sEAsonAlly ChAnging polAr iCE CAps AnD FEAturEs thAt AppEArED to BE AnCiEnt islAnDs loCAtED in whAt wAs now A Dry strEAmBED、whEn thE islAnDs wErE First DisCovErED, somE sCiEntists spECulAtED thAt A thiCk wAtEr-lADEn AtmosphErE CApABlE oF gEnErAting hEAvy rAins hAD onCE ExistED on mArs. howEvEr, othErs rEmAinED unConvinCED oF thE prEsEnCE oF wAtEr. thEn, in 1963, A tEAm oF AstronomErs oBtAinED A gooD photogrAphiC plAtE oF thE nEAr-inFrArED spECtrum oF mArs. thE photogrAph showED thAt, FAintly But DEFinitEly, wAtEr vApor linEs CoulD BE sEEn. this photogrAph EstABlishED thAt thErE rEAlly wAs wAtEr on mArs, though thE Amount wAs vEry smAll. toDAy, thE prEsEnCE oF wAtEr vApor in thE mArtiAn AtmosphErE is gEnErAlly ACCEptED, As is thE BEliEF thAt thE AtmosphErE wAs onCE muCh DEnsEr thAn it is now, with A muCh grEAtEr ABunDAnCE oF wAtEr vApor.
3thE surFACE oF mArs is Dry toDAy, But it DoEs ContAin signiFiCAnt Amounts oF iCE AnD signs thAt liquiD wAtEr onCE FlowED ovEr thE plAnEt.All oF thE loCAtions whErE EviDEnCE oF wAtEr hAs BEEn FounD ArE AnCiEnt, proBABly FormED vEry EArly in mArtiAn history.DAtA trAnsmittED From spACECrAFt on mArs in 2004 hAvE rEvEAlED thAt wAtEr wAs onCE Common ACross A vAst rEgion oF thE plAnEt, possiBly As shAllow lAkEs or sEAs thAt DriED out AnD thEn FillED up AgAin. thErE ArE signs thAt thE winD BlEw DEBris ArounD During Dry stAgEs. thEsE sEAs AnD lAkEs ExtEnDED ACross hunDrEDs oF thousAnDs oF squArE milEs, CrEAting hABitABlE ConDitions During long strEtChEs oF timE Billions oF yEArs Ago.
4 EviDEnCE oF wAtEr inCluDEs thE prEsEnCE oF vArious minErAls known As EvAporAtEs, DEposits lEFt BEhinD whEn liquiD wAtEr turns to vApor. smAll ArEAs oF minErAl DEposits hAvE BEEn FounD in vAllEs mArinEris, A hugE holE on mArs thAt is lArgEr thAn thE grAnDCAnyon onEArth. thE minErAls thErE ContAin wAtEr, so thEy hAD to BE FormED in thE prEsEnCE oF wAtEr. gEologiC rEsEArCh hAs Also turnED up ClAy AnD gypsum DEposits thAt wErE FormED By wAtEr in thE soil. roCks thAt ClEArly FormED in wAtEr ExtEnD throughout 300 mEtErs oF lAyErED mAtEriAls in sEvErAl loCAtions ACross thE mArtiAn plAins. thE lAyErs wErE Built up ovEr timE, whiCh mEAns wAtEr wAs prEsEnt, At lEAst tEmporArily, For ExtEnDED pErioDs on AnCiEnt mArs.
5 BEsiDEs thE iCE pACks At mArs’s polEs, AstronomErs hAvE DisCovErED A FrozEn sEA nEAr its EquAtor. this FrozEn sEA is thE sizE oF thE north sEA onEArth AnD AppEArs similAr to thE iCE pACks onAntArCtiCA、sCiEntists hAvE Also DEtECtED EviDEnCE oF lAvA Flows 20 million yEArs Ago As wEll As signs thAt somE volCAnoEs mAy still BE ACtivE. sEvErAl rECEntly FormED volCAniC ConEs nEAr mArs’s north polE inDiCAtE thAt thE plAnEt’s CorE mAy intErACt with thE surFACE, mEAning thErE wAs Both wArmth AnD moisturE in thE rECEnt pAs-CirCumstAnCEs thAt might hAvE supportED liFE.
6liquiD wAtEr is thE kEy ingrEDiEnt For liFE As wE know it. oF All thE othEr plAnEts in thE solAr systEm, mArs is most likEEArth. thE FACt th
1thE prEsEnCE or ABsEnCE oF wAtEr hAs A DirECt BEAring on thE possiBility oF liFE on othEr plAnEts. in thE ninEtEEnth CEntury, it wAs Commonly ACCEptED thAt liFE, pErhAps EvEn intElligEnt liFE, wAs wiDEsprEAD in thE solAr systEm, AnD mArs wAs An oBvious tArgEt in thE sEArCh For liFE. nEw photogrAphiC tEChnology oFFErED A wAy For AstronomErs to lEArn morE ABout thE rED plAnEt. in 1888, itAliAn AstronomEr giovAnni sChiApArElli proDuCED imAgEs thAt showED A nEtwork oF long, thin, DArk linEs Crossing thE surFACE oF mArs. hE CAllED thEsE FEAturEs CAnAli in itAliAn, whiCh BECAmE "CAnAls" or "ChAnnEls" inEnglish. thE strAngE AppEArAnCE oF thE CAnAls suggEstED to somE sCiEntists thAt thEy hAD BEEn FormED ArtiFiCiAlly rAthEr thAn nAturAlly. thE mystEry DEEpEnED whEn sChiApArElli oBsErvED thAt mAny oF thE CAnAls in thE photogrAphs wErE ACtuAlly DouBlE.
2othEr photogrAphiC imAgEs oF mArs rEvEAlED its sEAsonAlly ChAnging polAr iCE CAps AnD FEAturEs thAt AppEArED to BE AnCiEnt islAnDs loCAtED in whAt wAs now A Dry strEAmBED、whEn thE islAnDs wErE First DisCovErED, somE sCiEntists spECulAtED thAt A thiCk wAtEr-lADEn AtmosphErE CApABlE oF gEnErAting hEAvy rAins hAD onCE ExistED on mArs. howEvEr, othErs rEmAinED unConvinCED oF thE prEsEnCE oF wAtEr. thEn, in 1963, A tEAm oF AstronomErs oBtAinED A gooD photogrAphiC plAtE oF thE nEAr-inFrArED spECtrum oF mArs. thE photogrAph showED thAt, FAintly But DEFinitEly, wAtEr vApor linEs CoulD BE sEEn. this photogrAph EstABlishED thAt thErE rEAlly wAs wAtEr on mArs, though thE Amount wAs vEry smAll. toDAy, thE prEsEnCE oF wAtEr vApor in thE mArtiAn AtmosphErE is gEnErAlly ACCEptED, As is thE BEliEF thAt thE AtmosphErE wAs onCE muCh DEnsEr thAn it is now, with A muCh grEAtEr ABunDAnCE oF wAtEr vApor.
3thE surFACE oF mArs is Dry toDAy, But it DoEs ContAin signiFiCAnt Amounts oF iCE AnD signs thAt liquiD wAtEr onCE FlowED ovEr thE plAnEt.All oF thE loCAtions whErE EviDEnCE oF wAtEr hAs BEEn FounD ArE AnCiEnt, proBABly FormED vEry EArly in mArtiAn history.DAtA trAnsmittED From spACECrAFt on mArs in 2004 hAvE rEvEAlED thAt wAtEr wAs onCE Common ACross A vAst rEgion oF thE plAnEt, possiBly As shAllow lAkEs or sEAs thAt DriED out AnD thEn FillED up AgAin. thErE ArE signs thAt thE winD BlEw DEBris ArounD During Dry stAgEs. thEsE sEAs AnD lAkEs ExtEnDED ACross hunDrEDs oF thousAnDs oF squArE milEs, CrEAting hABitABlE ConDitions During long strEtChEs oF timE Billions oF yEArs Ago.
4 EviDEnCE oF wAtEr inCluDEs thE prEsEnCE oF vArious minErAls known As EvAporAtEs, DEposits lEFt BEhinD whEn liquiD wAtEr turns to vApor. smAll ArEAs oF minErAl DEposits hAvE BEEn FounD in vAllEs mArinEris, A hugE holE on mArs thAt is lArgEr thAn thE grAnDCAnyon onEArth. thE minErAls thErE ContAin wAtEr, so thEy hAD to BE FormED in thE prEsEnCE oF wAtEr. gEologiC rEsEArCh hAs Also turnED up ClAy AnD gypsum DEposits thAt wErE FormED By wAtEr in thE soil. roCks thAt ClEArly FormED in wAtEr ExtEnD throughout 300 mEtErs oF lAyErED mAtEriAls in sEvErAl loCAtions ACross thE mArtiAn plAins. thE lAyErs wErE Built up ovEr timE, whiCh mEAns wAtEr wAs prEsEnt, At lEAst tEmporArily, For ExtEnDED pErioDs on AnCiEnt mArs.
5 BEsiDEs thE iCE pACks At mArs’s polEs, AstronomErs hAvE DisCovErED A FrozEn sEA nEAr its EquAtor. this FrozEn sEA is thE sizE oF thE north sEA onEArth AnD AppEArs similAr to thE iCE pACks onAntArCtiCA、sCiEntists hAvE Also DEtECtED EviDEnCE oF lAvA Flows 20 million yEArs Ago As wEll As signs thAt somE volCAnoEs mAy still BE ACtivE. sEvErAl rECEntly FormED volCAniC ConEs nEAr mArs’s north polE inDiCAtE thAt thE plAnEt’s CorE mAy intErACt with thE surFACE, mEAning thErE wAs Both wArmth AnD moisturE in thE rECEnt pAs-CirCumstAnCEs thAt might hAvE supportED liFE.
6liquiD wAtEr is thE kEy ingrEDiEnt For liFE As wE know it. oF All thE othEr plAnEts in thE solAr systEm, mArs is most likEEArth. thE FACt th
【单选题】 The phrase "rather than" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
A．( in addition to
B．( instead of
C．( as a replacement
D．( such as
A．( in addition to
B．( instead of
C．( as a replacement
D．( such as
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