【单选题】onE oF thE most FAmous struCturEs in thE worlD, thE stAtuE oF liBErty is wiDEly ConsiDErED A inspiring symBol oF hopE AnD FrEEDom.
【单选题】sCiEnCE FiCtion notAny morE
sCiEnCE FiCtion hAs oFtEn BEEn thE sourCE oF inspirAtion For nEw tEChnologiEs. thE ExoskElEtons AnD hEAD-mountED DisplAys FEAturED in thE Film "AliEns", For ExAmplE, spAwnED A numBEr oF militAry-FunDED projECts to try to CrEAtE similAr tEChnologiEs.AutomAtiC sliDing Doors might nEvEr hAvE BEComE populAr hAD thEy not AppEArED on thE tElEvision sEriEs "stAr trEk".AnD thE populArity oF Flip-top or "ClAmshEll" moBilE phonEs mAy stEm From thE DEsirE to look likECAptAin kirk Flipping opEn his CommuniCAtor on thE sAmE progrAm.
now it sEEms thAt "stAr trEk" hAs DonE it AgAin. this month,AmEriCAn solDiErs in irAq will BEgin triAls oF A DEviCE inspirED By thE "Comm BADgE" FEAturED in "stAr trEk: thE nExt gEnErAtion". likE CrEw mEmBErs oF thE stArshipEntErprisE, solDiErs will BE ABlE to tAlk to othEr mEmBErs oF thEir unit just By tApping AnD thEn spEAking into A smAll BADgE worn on thE ChEst. whAt sEts thE Comm BADgE ApArt From A mErE wAlkiE-tAlkiE, AnD AppEAls to "stAr trEk" FAns, is thE systEm’s AppArEnt intElligEnCE. it works out who you ArE CAlling From spokEn CommAnDs, AnD ConnECts you instAntly.
thE systEm, DEvElopED By voCErACommuniCAtions oFCupErtino,CAliForniA, usEs A ComBinAtion oF wi-Fi wirElEss nEtworking AnD voiCE-ovEr-intErnEt protoCol (volp) tEChnologiEs to link up thE BADgEs viA A CEntrAl sErvEr, Akin to A switChBoArD、thE BADgEs ArE AlrEADy BEing usED in 80 lArgE institutions, most oF thEm hospitAls, to rEplACE ovErhEAD pAging systEms, sAysBrEnt lAng, voCErA’s viCE-prEsiDEnt.
likE its sCiEnCE-FiCtion CountErpArt, thE BADgE is DEsignED so thAt All FunCtions CAn BE CArriED out By prEssing A singlE Button. on prEssing it, thE CAllEr givEs A CommAnD AnD spECiFiEs thE nAmE oF A pErson or group oF pEoplE, suCh As "CAllDr. smith" or "loCAtE thE nEArEst AnEsthEsiologist". voiCE-rECognition soFtwArE intErprEts thE CommAnDs AnD loCAtEs thE AppropriAtE pErson or group, BAsED on whiChEvEr wi-Fi BAsE-stAtion thEy ArE ClosEst to. thE pErson rECEiving thE CAll thEn hEArs An AuDiBlE AlErt stAting thE nAmE oF thE CAllEr AnD, iF hE or shE wishEs to tAkE thE CAll, rEsponDs By tApping thE BADgE AnD stArting to spEAk.
thAt highlights A kEy DiFFErEnCE BEtwEEn thE "stAr trEk" Comm BADgE AnD thE rEAl-liFE vErsion:
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voCErA’s implEmEntAtion Allows pEoplE to rEjECt inComing CAlls, rAthEr thAn hAving thE voiCE oF thE CAllEr pAtChED through AutomAtiCAlly.
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But EvEn thE most purist FAns CAn ForgivE voCErA For DEviAting From thE sCript in this wAy, sAysDAviDBAtChElor, An AstrophysiCist AnD " stAr trEk" EnthusiAst At nAsA’s goDDArD spACE FlightCEntEr in grEEnBElt, mArylAnD、
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For thErE ArE, hE notEs, somE Curious AspECts to thE BEhAvior oF thE Comm BADgEs in "stAr trEk".
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whEn thE CAptAin oF thEEntErprisE sAys "piCArD to siCk-BAy: mEDiCAl EmErgEnCy on thE BriDgE", For ExAmplE, his BADgE somEhow ConnECts him to thE siCk-BAy BEForE hE hAs stAtED thE DEstinAtion oF thE CAll.
Allowing BADgE usErs to rEjECt inComing CAlls iF thEy ArE Busy, rAthEr thAn BEing ConnECtED instAntly, wAs A FEAturE ADDED At thE rEquEst oF CustomErs, sAys mr. lAng.But in Almost All othEr rEspECts thE BADgEs work just likE thEir FiCtionAl CountErpArts. this is not vEry surprising, sAys lAwrEnCE krAuss, An AstrophysiCist AtCAsE wEstErn rEsErvE univErsity inClEvElAnD, ohio, AnD thE Author oF "thE physiCs oF stAr trEk". in sCiEnCE FiCtion, AnD pArtiCulArly in "stAr trEk", most proBlEms hAvE tEChnologiCAl FixEs. somEtimEs, it sEEms, thosE FixEs CAn BE AppliED to rEAl-worlD proBlEms too.
voCErA’s systEm is pArtiCulArly wEll suitED to hospitAls, sAysChristinE tAr
sCiEnCE FiCtion hAs oFtEn BEEn thE sourCE oF inspirAtion For nEw tEChnologiEs. thE ExoskElEtons AnD hEAD-mountED DisplAys FEAturED in thE Film "AliEns", For ExAmplE, spAwnED A numBEr oF militAry-FunDED projECts to try to CrEAtE similAr tEChnologiEs.AutomAtiC sliDing Doors might nEvEr hAvE BEComE populAr hAD thEy not AppEArED on thE tElEvision sEriEs "stAr trEk".AnD thE populArity oF Flip-top or "ClAmshEll" moBilE phonEs mAy stEm From thE DEsirE to look likECAptAin kirk Flipping opEn his CommuniCAtor on thE sAmE progrAm.
now it sEEms thAt "stAr trEk" hAs DonE it AgAin. this month,AmEriCAn solDiErs in irAq will BEgin triAls oF A DEviCE inspirED By thE "Comm BADgE" FEAturED in "stAr trEk: thE nExt gEnErAtion". likE CrEw mEmBErs oF thE stArshipEntErprisE, solDiErs will BE ABlE to tAlk to othEr mEmBErs oF thEir unit just By tApping AnD thEn spEAking into A smAll BADgE worn on thE ChEst. whAt sEts thE Comm BADgE ApArt From A mErE wAlkiE-tAlkiE, AnD AppEAls to "stAr trEk" FAns, is thE systEm’s AppArEnt intElligEnCE. it works out who you ArE CAlling From spokEn CommAnDs, AnD ConnECts you instAntly.
thE systEm, DEvElopED By voCErACommuniCAtions oFCupErtino,CAliForniA, usEs A ComBinAtion oF wi-Fi wirElEss nEtworking AnD voiCE-ovEr-intErnEt protoCol (volp) tEChnologiEs to link up thE BADgEs viA A CEntrAl sErvEr, Akin to A switChBoArD、thE BADgEs ArE AlrEADy BEing usED in 80 lArgE institutions, most oF thEm hospitAls, to rEplACE ovErhEAD pAging systEms, sAysBrEnt lAng, voCErA’s viCE-prEsiDEnt.
likE its sCiEnCE-FiCtion CountErpArt, thE BADgE is DEsignED so thAt All FunCtions CAn BE CArriED out By prEssing A singlE Button. on prEssing it, thE CAllEr givEs A CommAnD AnD spECiFiEs thE nAmE oF A pErson or group oF pEoplE, suCh As "CAllDr. smith" or "loCAtE thE nEArEst AnEsthEsiologist". voiCE-rECognition soFtwArE intErprEts thE CommAnDs AnD loCAtEs thE AppropriAtE pErson or group, BAsED on whiChEvEr wi-Fi BAsE-stAtion thEy ArE ClosEst to. thE pErson rECEiving thE CAll thEn hEArs An AuDiBlE AlErt stAting thE nAmE oF thE CAllEr AnD, iF hE or shE wishEs to tAkE thE CAll, rEsponDs By tApping thE BADgE AnD stArting to spEAk.
thAt highlights A kEy DiFFErEnCE BEtwEEn thE "stAr trEk" Comm BADgE AnD thE rEAl-liFE vErsion:
Allowing BADgE usErs to rEjECt inComing CAlls iF thEy ArE Busy, rAthEr thAn BEing ConnECtED instAntly, wAs A FEAturE ADDED At thE rEquEst oF CustomErs, sAys mr. lAng.But in Almost All othEr rEspECts thE BADgEs work just likE thEir FiCtionAl CountErpArts. this is not vEry surprising, sAys lAwrEnCE krAuss, An AstrophysiCist AtCAsE wEstErn rEsErvE univErsity inClEvElAnD, ohio, AnD thE Author oF "thE physiCs oF stAr trEk". in sCiEnCE FiCtion, AnD pArtiCulArly in "stAr trEk", most proBlEms hAvE tEChnologiCAl FixEs. somEtimEs, it sEEms, thosE FixEs CAn BE AppliED to rEAl-worlD proBlEms too.
voCErA’s systEm is pArtiCulArly wEll suitED to hospitAls, sAysChristinE tAr
【单选题】 Mutiny of a ship's crew against the captain (signifies) the breakdown of the (obedience) and (discipline required) to deal effectively (to) perils at eat.
A．signifies
B．obedience
C．discipline required
D．to
A．signifies
B．obedience
C．discipline required
D．to
【单选题】 The passage probably continues with a discussion of
A．( ancient scrub found in other areas of the country
B．( geographers who study Florida's scrub
C．( the climate of the Lake Wales Ridge
D．( the unique plants found on the Lake Wales Ridge
A．( ancient scrub found in other areas of the country
B．( geographers who study Florida's scrub
C．( the climate of the Lake Wales Ridge
D．( the unique plants found on the Lake Wales Ridge
【单选题】GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY
1The Greek word "systema" means union, and scientists use the word "system" to describe a collection of several components that are linked to one another by functional relationships.Everything outside the system is known as the surroundings. Most scientific literature is a description of the components of a system, their relationships with one another, and their relationships with other systems.Although each science has its own systems with their own subject matter and networks of relationships, the formal characteristics of systems are similar for all sciences. The scientific discipline called general systems theory formulates principles that are valid for systems in general, no matter the elements involved and the relations or forces among them.
2Systems can be divided into two types: closed systems and open systems.A、closed system receives no supply of energy from outside and transfers no energy outwards.An open system receives energy from its surroundings and transfers it out again.
3 A、closed system is isolated fiom its surroundings. The energy supply of a closed system is limited and is progressively used up by the processes operating within the system. The ability of the system to function decreases as the available energy is exhausteD、Without any additional energy supplied from the outside, the system’s processes stop altogether and no further change is possible in the system.A、mill wheel supplied with water from a non-refillable container is a closed system. Once the container of water is empty, the wheel no longer turns because there is no water to turn it. In a truly closed system, the water would have to be collected below the mill wheel in a second container to ensure that the system did not supply any energy to the outside.
4Some scientists argue that there are few truly closed systems in nature, and many define closed systems more broadly as those allowing energy but not mass to cross the system boundary.By this definition, theEarth system as a whole is a closed system. The boundary of theEarth system is the outer edge of the atmosphere, and except for the occasional meteorite, virtually no mass is exchanged between theEarth system and the rest of the universe. However, energy in the form of solar radiation passes from the sun, through the atmosphere to theEarth’s surface, which in turn radiates energy back out to space across the system boundary. Hence, energy passes across theEarth’s system boundary, but mass does not, making it a closed system.
5In an open system, energy and mass can be transferred between the system and its surroundings. Living organisms are open systems. They absorb light energy or chemical energy in the form of organic molecules and release heat and metabolic waste products, such as carbon dioxide, to the surroundings. Generally, relationships exist between the components of a system and its surroundings, that is, other systems.Each open system is part of a larger system that receives and gives off energy. In an open system, the energy is continually resupplied from sources outside the system. In the example of the mill wheel, if the non-refillable water container is replaced by a reservoir fed continuously by a stream, it becomes an open system because the energy supply is renewed from the outside.
6The natural environment is made up of open systems. These can behave as closed systems temporarily if the energy supply is halted for a perioD、If, for example, the stream to the reservoir supplying the mill dries up for a long period, the energy consumption of the mill wheel cannot be balanced by new energy supply. The water in the reservoir is used up, and if the dry period is long enough, the mill wheel stops turning.Eventually, the stream may flow again, filling the reservoir and turning the mill wheel again. This occurs because the stream-reservoir-mill system is itself a part of theEarth’s much l
1The Greek word "systema" means union, and scientists use the word "system" to describe a collection of several components that are linked to one another by functional relationships.Everything outside the system is known as the surroundings. Most scientific literature is a description of the components of a system, their relationships with one another, and their relationships with other systems.Although each science has its own systems with their own subject matter and networks of relationships, the formal characteristics of systems are similar for all sciences. The scientific discipline called general systems theory formulates principles that are valid for systems in general, no matter the elements involved and the relations or forces among them.
2Systems can be divided into two types: closed systems and open systems.A、closed system receives no supply of energy from outside and transfers no energy outwards.An open system receives energy from its surroundings and transfers it out again.
3 A、closed system is isolated fiom its surroundings. The energy supply of a closed system is limited and is progressively used up by the processes operating within the system. The ability of the system to function decreases as the available energy is exhausteD、Without any additional energy supplied from the outside, the system’s processes stop altogether and no further change is possible in the system.A、mill wheel supplied with water from a non-refillable container is a closed system. Once the container of water is empty, the wheel no longer turns because there is no water to turn it. In a truly closed system, the water would have to be collected below the mill wheel in a second container to ensure that the system did not supply any energy to the outside.
4Some scientists argue that there are few truly closed systems in nature, and many define closed systems more broadly as those allowing energy but not mass to cross the system boundary.By this definition, theEarth system as a whole is a closed system. The boundary of theEarth system is the outer edge of the atmosphere, and except for the occasional meteorite, virtually no mass is exchanged between theEarth system and the rest of the universe. However, energy in the form of solar radiation passes from the sun, through the atmosphere to theEarth’s surface, which in turn radiates energy back out to space across the system boundary. Hence, energy passes across theEarth’s system boundary, but mass does not, making it a closed system.
5In an open system, energy and mass can be transferred between the system and its surroundings. Living organisms are open systems. They absorb light energy or chemical energy in the form of organic molecules and release heat and metabolic waste products, such as carbon dioxide, to the surroundings. Generally, relationships exist between the components of a system and its surroundings, that is, other systems.Each open system is part of a larger system that receives and gives off energy. In an open system, the energy is continually resupplied from sources outside the system. In the example of the mill wheel, if the non-refillable water container is replaced by a reservoir fed continuously by a stream, it becomes an open system because the energy supply is renewed from the outside.
6The natural environment is made up of open systems. These can behave as closed systems temporarily if the energy supply is halted for a perioD、If, for example, the stream to the reservoir supplying the mill dries up for a long period, the energy consumption of the mill wheel cannot be balanced by new energy supply. The water in the reservoir is used up, and if the dry period is long enough, the mill wheel stops turning.Eventually, the stream may flow again, filling the reservoir and turning the mill wheel again. This occurs because the stream-reservoir-mill system is itself a part of theEarth’s much l
【多选题】 Their products are known not only for their low price, __________ for their high quality.
A．but
B．but also
C．and also
D．as well as
A．but
B．but also
C．and also
D．as well as
【单选题】 The banking systems of the world have many similarities, _________ they alsp differ, sometimes in quite material respects.
A．of which
B．in spite of
C．but
D．how
A．of which
B．in spite of
C．but
D．how
【单选题】 According to the passage, how did archaeologists learn to read the Sumerian language
A．By translating the work of the Subarians
B．By using their knowledge of spoken Semitic languages
C．By comparing Sumerian to other classical languages
D．By using their knowledge of Akkadian
A．By translating the work of the Subarians
B．By using their knowledge of spoken Semitic languages
C．By comparing Sumerian to other classical languages
D．By using their knowledge of Akkadian
【单选题】 Il est interdit par la loi de ____________ les fonctionnaires.
A． corrompre
B．approcher
C．dépraver
D．conserver
A． corrompre
B．approcher
C．dépraver
D．conserver
【单选题】 The word "distinct" in line 17 is closest in meaning to
A．( visible
B．( gaseous
C．( separate
D．( new
A．( visible
B．( gaseous
C．( separate
D．( new
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