【单选题】gEothErmAlEnErgy
gEothErmAl EnErgy is nAturAl hEAt From thE intErior oF thEEArth thAt is ConvErtED to hEAt BuilDings AnD gEnErAtE ElECtriCity. thE iDEA oF hArnEssingEArth’s intErnAl hEAt is not nEw.As EArly As 1904, gEothErmAl powEr wAs usED in itAly. toDAy,EArth’s nAturAl intErnAl hEAt is BEing usED to gEnErAtE ElECtriCity in 21 CountriEs, inCluDing russiA, jApAn, nEw zEAlAnD, iCElAnD, mExiCo,EthiopiA, guAtEmAlA,E1 sAlvADor, thE philippinEs, AnD thE unitED stAtEs. totAl worlDwiDE proDuCtion is ApproAChing 9,000 mw (EquivAlEnt to ninE lArgE moDErn CoAl-Burning or nuClEAr powEr plAnts)--DouBlE thE Amount in 1980. somE 40 million pEoplE toDAy rECEivE thEir ElECtriCity From gEothErmAl EnErgy At A Cost CompEtitivE with thAt oF othEr EnErgy sourCEs. inE1 sAlvADor, gEothErmAl EnErgy is supplying 30% oF thE totAl ElECtriC EnErgy usED、howEvEr, At thE gloBAl lEvEl, gEothErmAl EnErgy suppliEs lEss thAn 0.15% oF thE totAl EnErgy supply.
gEothErmAl EnErgy mAy BE ConsiDErED A nonrEnEwABlE EnErgy sourCE whEn rAtEs oF ExtrACtion ArE grEAtEr thAn rAtEs oF nAturAl rEplEnishmEnt. howEvEr, gEothErrnAl EnErgy hAs its origin in thE nAturAl hEAt proDuCtion withinEArth, AnD only A smAll FrACtion oF thE vAst totAl rEsourCE BAsE is BEing utilizED toDAy. Although most gEothErmAl EnErgy proDuCtion involvEs thE tApping oF high hEAt sourCEs, pEoplE ArE Also using thE low-tEmpErAturE gEothErmAl EnErgy oF grounDwAtEr in somE AppliCAtions.
gEothErmAl systEms
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thE AvErAgE hEAt Flow From thE intErior oF thEEArth is vEry low, ABout 0.06 w/m2.
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this Amount is triviAl CompArED with thE 177 w/m2 From solAr hEAt At thE surFACE in thE unitED stAtEs. howEvEr, in somE ArEAs, hEAt Flow is suFFiCiEntly high to BE usEFul For proDuCing EnErgy. For thE most pArt, ArEAs oF high hEAt Flow ArE AssoCiAtED with plAtE tECtoniC BounDAriEs. oCEAniC riDgE systEms (DivErgEnt plAtE BounDAriEs) AnD ArEAs whErE mountAins ArE BEing upliFtED AnD volCAniC islAnD ArCs ArE Forming (ConvErgEnt plAtE BounDAriEs ArE ArEAs whErE this nAturAl hEAt Flow is AnomAlously high.
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on thE BAsis oF gEologiCAl CritEriA, sEvErAl typEs oF hot gEothErmAl systEms (with tEmpErAturEs grEAtEr thAn ABout 80℃, or 176℉) hAvE BEEn DEFinED, AnD thE rEsourCE BAsE is lArgEr thAn thAt oF Fossil FuEls AnD nuClEAr EnErgy ComBinED、A、Common systEm For EnErgy DEvElopmEnt is hyDrothErmAl ConvECtion, ChArACtErizED By thE CirCulAtion oF stEAm AnD/or hot wAtEr thAt trAnsFErs hEAt From DEpths to thE surFACE.
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gEothErmAlEnErgy AnD thEEnvironmEnt
thE EnvironmEntAl impACt oF gEothErmAl EnErgy mAy not BE As ExtEnsivE As thAt oF othEr sourCEs oF EnErgy, But it CAn BE ConsiDErABlE. whEn gEothErmAl EnErgy is DEvElopED At A pArtiCulAr sitE, EnvironmEntAl proBlEms inCluDE on-sitE noisE, Emissions oF gAs, AnD DisturBAnCE oF thE lAnD At Drilling sitEs, DisposAl sitEs, roADs AnD pipElinEs, AnD powEr plAnts.DEvElopmEnt oF gEothErmAl EnErgy DoEs not rEquirE lArgE-sCAlE trAnsportAtion oF rAw mAtEriAls or rEFining oF ChEmiCAls, As DEvElopmEnt oF Fossil FuEls DoEs. FurthErmorE, gEothErmAl EnErgy DoEs not proDuCE thE AtmosphEriC pollutAnts AssoCiAtED with Burning Fossil FuEls or thE rADioACtivE wAstE AssoCiAtED with nuClEAr EnErgy. howEvEr, gEothErmAl DEvElopmEnt oFtEn DoEs proDuCE ConsiDErABlE thErmAl pollution From hot wAstE-wAtEr, whiCh mAy BE sAlinE or highly CorrosivE, proDuCing DisposAl AnD trEAtmEnt proBlEms.
gEothErmAl powEr is not vEry populAr in somE loCAtions Among somE pEoplE. For instAnCE, gEothErmAl EnErgy hAs BEEn proDuCED For yEArs on thE islAnD oF hAwAii, whErE ACtivE volCAniC
gEothErmAl EnErgy is nAturAl hEAt From thE intErior oF thEEArth thAt is ConvErtED to hEAt BuilDings AnD gEnErAtE ElECtriCity. thE iDEA oF hArnEssingEArth’s intErnAl hEAt is not nEw.As EArly As 1904, gEothErmAl powEr wAs usED in itAly. toDAy,EArth’s nAturAl intErnAl hEAt is BEing usED to gEnErAtE ElECtriCity in 21 CountriEs, inCluDing russiA, jApAn, nEw zEAlAnD, iCElAnD, mExiCo,EthiopiA, guAtEmAlA,E1 sAlvADor, thE philippinEs, AnD thE unitED stAtEs. totAl worlDwiDE proDuCtion is ApproAChing 9,000 mw (EquivAlEnt to ninE lArgE moDErn CoAl-Burning or nuClEAr powEr plAnts)--DouBlE thE Amount in 1980. somE 40 million pEoplE toDAy rECEivE thEir ElECtriCity From gEothErmAl EnErgy At A Cost CompEtitivE with thAt oF othEr EnErgy sourCEs. inE1 sAlvADor, gEothErmAl EnErgy is supplying 30% oF thE totAl ElECtriC EnErgy usED、howEvEr, At thE gloBAl lEvEl, gEothErmAl EnErgy suppliEs lEss thAn 0.15% oF thE totAl EnErgy supply.
gEothErmAl EnErgy mAy BE ConsiDErED A nonrEnEwABlE EnErgy sourCE whEn rAtEs oF ExtrACtion ArE grEAtEr thAn rAtEs oF nAturAl rEplEnishmEnt. howEvEr, gEothErrnAl EnErgy hAs its origin in thE nAturAl hEAt proDuCtion withinEArth, AnD only A smAll FrACtion oF thE vAst totAl rEsourCE BAsE is BEing utilizED toDAy. Although most gEothErmAl EnErgy proDuCtion involvEs thE tApping oF high hEAt sourCEs, pEoplE ArE Also using thE low-tEmpErAturE gEothErmAl EnErgy oF grounDwAtEr in somE AppliCAtions.
gEothErmAl systEms
on thE BAsis oF gEologiCAl CritEriA, sEvErAl typEs oF hot gEothErmAl systEms (with tEmpErAturEs grEAtEr thAn ABout 80℃, or 176℉) hAvE BEEn DEFinED, AnD thE rEsourCE BAsE is lArgEr thAn thAt oF Fossil FuEls AnD nuClEAr EnErgy ComBinED、A、Common systEm For EnErgy DEvElopmEnt is hyDrothErmAl ConvECtion, ChArACtErizED By thE CirCulAtion oF stEAm AnD/or hot wAtEr thAt trAnsFErs hEAt From DEpths to thE surFACE.
gEothErmAlEnErgy AnD thEEnvironmEnt
thE EnvironmEntAl impACt oF gEothErmAl EnErgy mAy not BE As ExtEnsivE As thAt oF othEr sourCEs oF EnErgy, But it CAn BE ConsiDErABlE. whEn gEothErmAl EnErgy is DEvElopED At A pArtiCulAr sitE, EnvironmEntAl proBlEms inCluDE on-sitE noisE, Emissions oF gAs, AnD DisturBAnCE oF thE lAnD At Drilling sitEs, DisposAl sitEs, roADs AnD pipElinEs, AnD powEr plAnts.DEvElopmEnt oF gEothErmAl EnErgy DoEs not rEquirE lArgE-sCAlE trAnsportAtion oF rAw mAtEriAls or rEFining oF ChEmiCAls, As DEvElopmEnt oF Fossil FuEls DoEs. FurthErmorE, gEothErmAl EnErgy DoEs not proDuCE thE AtmosphEriC pollutAnts AssoCiAtED with Burning Fossil FuEls or thE rADioACtivE wAstE AssoCiAtED with nuClEAr EnErgy. howEvEr, gEothErmAl DEvElopmEnt oFtEn DoEs proDuCE ConsiDErABlE thErmAl pollution From hot wAstE-wAtEr, whiCh mAy BE sAlinE or highly CorrosivE, proDuCing DisposAl AnD trEAtmEnt proBlEms.
gEothErmAl powEr is not vEry populAr in somE loCAtions Among somE pEoplE. For instAnCE, gEothErmAl EnErgy hAs BEEn proDuCED For yEArs on thE islAnD oF hAwAii, whErE ACtivE volCAniC
【单选题】The house style that dominated American housing during the 1880s and 1890s was known as Queen Anne, aname for an American style. The name was, in fact, a historical accident, originating with fashionable architects in Victorian England who coinedwith apparently no reason other than its pleasing sound. The Queen Anne style was loosely based on medieval structures built long before 1702, the beginning year of Queen Anne’s reign.
A distinctive characteristic found in most Queen Anne houses is the unusual roof shape - a steeply pitched, hipped central portion with protruding lower front and side extensions that end in gables. It is often possible to spot these distinctive roof forms from several blocks away. Another feature of this style is the detailing, shown in the wood shingle siding cut into fanciful decorative patterns of scallops, curves, diamonds, or triangles. Queen Anne houses are almost always asymmetrical. If you draw an imaginary line down the middle of one, you will see how drastically different the right and left sides are, all the way from ground level to roof peak. A final characteristic is the inviting wraparound porch that includes the front door area and then extends around to either the right or left side of the house.
Queen Anne houses faded from fashion early in the twentieth century as the public’s taste shifted toward the more modern Prairie and Craftsman style houses. Today, however, Queen Anne houses are favorite symbols of the past, painstakingly and lovingly restored by old-houseand reproduced by builders who give faithful attention to the distinctive shapes and detailing that were first popularized more than one hundred years ago.
1. Why does the author use the word curious in describing the name of an American style?
A.The style was invented before Queen Anne’s reign.
B.The name was accidentally misspelled.
C.The style was more popular in Victorian England.
D.The name did not originate in American.
2. The word it in paragraph 1 refers to
A. style
B. name
C. accident
D. England
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic feature of Queen Anne houses?
A. decorative windows
B. wood shingle exterior walls
C. large porch
D. steeply pitched roof
4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Queen Anne style?
A. the Queen Anne style combined several other styles.
B. the Queen Anne style had to be built in the city.
C. the Queen Anne style was elaborate and ornate.
D. the Queen Anne style was not very popular.
5. The word buffs in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. experts
B. sellers
C. critics
D. painters
A distinctive characteristic found in most Queen Anne houses is the unusual roof shape - a steeply pitched, hipped central portion with protruding lower front and side extensions that end in gables. It is often possible to spot these distinctive roof forms from several blocks away. Another feature of this style is the detailing, shown in the wood shingle siding cut into fanciful decorative patterns of scallops, curves, diamonds, or triangles. Queen Anne houses are almost always asymmetrical. If you draw an imaginary line down the middle of one, you will see how drastically different the right and left sides are, all the way from ground level to roof peak. A final characteristic is the inviting wraparound porch that includes the front door area and then extends around to either the right or left side of the house.
Queen Anne houses faded from fashion early in the twentieth century as the public’s taste shifted toward the more modern Prairie and Craftsman style houses. Today, however, Queen Anne houses are favorite symbols of the past, painstakingly and lovingly restored by old-houseand reproduced by builders who give faithful attention to the distinctive shapes and detailing that were first popularized more than one hundred years ago.
1. Why does the author use the word curious in describing the name of an American style?
A.The style was invented before Queen Anne’s reign.
B.The name was accidentally misspelled.
C.The style was more popular in Victorian England.
D.The name did not originate in American.
2. The word it in paragraph 1 refers to
A. style
B. name
C. accident
D. England
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic feature of Queen Anne houses?
A. decorative windows
B. wood shingle exterior walls
C. large porch
D. steeply pitched roof
4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the Queen Anne style?
A. the Queen Anne style combined several other styles.
B. the Queen Anne style had to be built in the city.
C. the Queen Anne style was elaborate and ornate.
D. the Queen Anne style was not very popular.
5. The word buffs in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. experts
B. sellers
C. critics
D. painters
【单选题】origins oF jAzz musiC
thE musiCAl phEnomEnon known As jAzz DEvElopED in thE yEArs just prior to 1900, mAinly in thE City oF nEw orlEAns AnD to A lEssEr ExtEnt in othEr lArgEAmEriCAn CitiEs. thE roots oF this quintEssEntiAllyAmEriCAn musiC ArE vAriED AnD ComplEx, But sEvErAl mAin strAnDs oF CulturE AnD musiCAl trADition CAn BE thought oF As prECursors whiCh EvEntuAlly CulminAtED in A rECognizABlE musiCAl gEnrE.
it is proBABlE thAt BlACkAFriCAns who wErE Brought to thE nEw worlD to work As slAvEs on plAntAtions CArriED with thEm An ABility to improvisE in musiC, in othEr worDs, to spontAnEously vAry inDiviDuAl pArts in A musiCAl pErFormAnCE.
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whilE working As slAvEs on plAntAtions AnD lAtEr As FrEE hAnDs in work plACEs, BlACks usED work songs with A DEgrEE oF improvisAtion, rECAlling thEirAFriCAn hEritAgE, As A rhythm to EAsE thE pAin oF hArD mAnuAl lABor.
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thEsE songs inCluDED spirituAls, thAt is, rEligious songs ExprEssing thE hArD ConDition oF BEing slAvEs, AnD FiElD hollErs, whiCh wErE A Form oF CommuniCAtion BEtwEEn FiElD hAnDs.
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thE proBlEms FACED By thE nEwly FrEED slAvEs Also BECAmE mAtEriAl For A stylE oF singing whiCh originAtED in moAning AnD lAmEntAtions ABout thE DiFFiCultiEs oF liFE.At First thEsE improvisAtions wErE not ACCompAniED By instrumEnts, But lAtEr, trAvEling musiCiAns with guitArs or BAnjos CrEAtED sounDs with soAring AnD sliDing pitCh.
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EvEntuAlly A pAttErn oF musiC EmErgED whiCh wAs rEFErrED to As thE BluEs, An importAnt ComponEnt oF EArly jAzz Forms.
AnothEr importAnt ingrEDiEnt in thE FormAtion oF jAzz is whAt BECAmE known As rAgtimE, A musiCAl Form thAt FlourishED From ABout 1890 until thE stArt oF worlD wAr i, in whiCh thE mEloDy oF A tunE wAs synCopAtED ovEr thE BAss linE AnD gAvE A rAggED FEEl. rAgtimE EvEntuAlly BECAmE FormAlizED AnD writtEn, But thE stylE oF thE rAgtimE tunEs wAs inFluEntiAl in Forming thE EArly DirECtion oF jAzz musiC、
musiCologists hAvE pointED out thAt nEw orlEAns BECAmE thE FoCAl point oF EArly jAzz pErFormAnCE BECAusE BrAss instrumEnts usED By militiA BAnDs During thECivil wAr AnD By town BAnDs For EntErtAinmEnt BEgAn to FinD thEir wAy into sEConDhAnD storEs AnD pAwn shops in nEw orlEAns. this EnABlED poorEr pEoplE to oBtAin instrumEnts ChEAply. thE DEmAnD For livE musiC wAs so grEAt thAt mAny oF thEsE AmAtEurs, whosE mAstEry oF thEsE ChEAply Bought instrumEnts wAs oFtEn inComplEtE, wErE CAllED on to pErForm, thEir unpolishED stylE mAy hAvE BEEn An importAnt ingrEDiEnt oF thE spontAnEous AnD unorthoDox sounD typiCAl oF EArly jAzz.
ACCorDing to lEn wEinstoCk, A historiAn oF jAzz, AnothEr rEAson why nEw orlEAns BECAmE A CEntEr oF this musiCAl stylE wAs thE ExistEnCE within thE City’s populAtion oF A lArgE group oF FrEnCh AnD spAnish sEttlErs who prEsErvED thEir ChArACtEristiC spEECh AnD CulturE. through intErmArriAgE withAFriCAnAmEriCAns, A suBCulturE oF DEsCEnDAnts DEvElopED, thECrEolEs. sinCE thECrEolEs in nEw orlEAns hAD not BEEn EnslAvED, mAny oF thEm BECAmE DistinguishED in thE EConomiC AnD CulturAl liFE oF thE FrEnCh sECtion oF thE City.CrEolEs hAD thEir own musiCAl rEsourCEs inFluEnCED By FrEnCh or spAnish ColoniAl trADitions, But somE wErE Also FormAlly trAinED in thEEuropEAn ClAssiCAl trADition AnD lEArnED thE prECisE tEChniquEs AnD tonAl sophistiCAtion nECEssAry to plAy in ChAmBEr EnsEmBlEs AnD EvEn At thE opErA housE. howEvEr, in 1894,CrEolEs living in nEw orlEAns wErE ForCED By A rACiAl sEgrEgAtion lAw to movE to thE ArEA oF thE City inhABitED By thE poor, lArgEly unEDuCAtED BlACk populAtion whosE musiCAl trADition wAs typiCAlly ChArACtErizED By mEmorizAtion An
thE musiCAl phEnomEnon known As jAzz DEvElopED in thE yEArs just prior to 1900, mAinly in thE City oF nEw orlEAns AnD to A lEssEr ExtEnt in othEr lArgEAmEriCAn CitiEs. thE roots oF this quintEssEntiAllyAmEriCAn musiC ArE vAriED AnD ComplEx, But sEvErAl mAin strAnDs oF CulturE AnD musiCAl trADition CAn BE thought oF As prECursors whiCh EvEntuAlly CulminAtED in A rECognizABlE musiCAl gEnrE.
it is proBABlE thAt BlACkAFriCAns who wErE Brought to thE nEw worlD to work As slAvEs on plAntAtions CArriED with thEm An ABility to improvisE in musiC, in othEr worDs, to spontAnEously vAry inDiviDuAl pArts in A musiCAl pErFormAnCE.
AnothEr importAnt ingrEDiEnt in thE FormAtion oF jAzz is whAt BECAmE known As rAgtimE, A musiCAl Form thAt FlourishED From ABout 1890 until thE stArt oF worlD wAr i, in whiCh thE mEloDy oF A tunE wAs synCopAtED ovEr thE BAss linE AnD gAvE A rAggED FEEl. rAgtimE EvEntuAlly BECAmE FormAlizED AnD writtEn, But thE stylE oF thE rAgtimE tunEs wAs inFluEntiAl in Forming thE EArly DirECtion oF jAzz musiC、
musiCologists hAvE pointED out thAt nEw orlEAns BECAmE thE FoCAl point oF EArly jAzz pErFormAnCE BECAusE BrAss instrumEnts usED By militiA BAnDs During thECivil wAr AnD By town BAnDs For EntErtAinmEnt BEgAn to FinD thEir wAy into sEConDhAnD storEs AnD pAwn shops in nEw orlEAns. this EnABlED poorEr pEoplE to oBtAin instrumEnts ChEAply. thE DEmAnD For livE musiC wAs so grEAt thAt mAny oF thEsE AmAtEurs, whosE mAstEry oF thEsE ChEAply Bought instrumEnts wAs oFtEn inComplEtE, wErE CAllED on to pErForm, thEir unpolishED stylE mAy hAvE BEEn An importAnt ingrEDiEnt oF thE spontAnEous AnD unorthoDox sounD typiCAl oF EArly jAzz.
ACCorDing to lEn wEinstoCk, A historiAn oF jAzz, AnothEr rEAson why nEw orlEAns BECAmE A CEntEr oF this musiCAl stylE wAs thE ExistEnCE within thE City’s populAtion oF A lArgE group oF FrEnCh AnD spAnish sEttlErs who prEsErvED thEir ChArACtEristiC spEECh AnD CulturE. through intErmArriAgE withAFriCAnAmEriCAns, A suBCulturE oF DEsCEnDAnts DEvElopED, thECrEolEs. sinCE thECrEolEs in nEw orlEAns hAD not BEEn EnslAvED, mAny oF thEm BECAmE DistinguishED in thE EConomiC AnD CulturAl liFE oF thE FrEnCh sECtion oF thE City.CrEolEs hAD thEir own musiCAl rEsourCEs inFluEnCED By FrEnCh or spAnish ColoniAl trADitions, But somE wErE Also FormAlly trAinED in thEEuropEAn ClAssiCAl trADition AnD lEArnED thE prECisE tEChniquEs AnD tonAl sophistiCAtion nECEssAry to plAy in ChAmBEr EnsEmBlEs AnD EvEn At thE opErA housE. howEvEr, in 1894,CrEolEs living in nEw orlEAns wErE ForCED By A rACiAl sEgrEgAtion lAw to movE to thE ArEA oF thE City inhABitED By thE poor, lArgEly unEDuCAtED BlACk populAtion whosE musiCAl trADition wAs typiCAlly ChArACtErizED By mEmorizAtion An
【单选题】sAn FrAnCisCo: itsContEmporAry issuEs
FAmous For its BEAutiFul sEtting, sAn FrAnCisCo is Built on A sEriEs oF stEEp hills loCAtED on thE northErn tip oF A pEninsulA At thE EntrAnCE to sAn FrAnCisCoBAy. thE BAy AnD its ExtEnsions, whiCh inCluDE sAn pABloBAy AnD suisunBAy, ConstitutE onE oF thE grEAt nAturAl hArBors oF thE worlD, EmBrACing nEArly 1,200 sq km (morE thAn 450 sq mi) oF wAtEr.BECAusE oF this, sAn FrAnCisCo wAs onCE thE mAjor pACiFiCCoAst sEAport oF thE unitED stAtEs. toDAy thE City is An importAnt CEntEr For FinAnCE, tEChnology, tourism, AnD CulturE. thE City wAs nAmED AFtEr sAn FrAnCisCoBAy, whiCh in turn wAs nAmED For sAint FrAnCis oFAssisi By EArly spAnish ExplorErs.
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thE pEoplE oF sAn FrAnCisCo CAn tAkE priDE in thEir City’s ACComplishmEnts.
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sAn FrAnCisCAns, AnD in somE CAsEs thEir CountErpArts in thEBAyArEA, hAvE suCCEssFully unDErtAkEn mAmmoth ConstruCtion projECts suCh As thE sAn FrAnCisCo-oAklAnDBAyBriDgE, thE golDEn gAtEBriDgE, AnD thEBAyArEA rApiD trAnsit systEm.
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sinCE At lEAst thE 1950s, sAn FrAnCisCAns hAvE Also EArnED A rEputAtion For tolErAnCE oF AnD rEspECt For DivErsity.
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During thE lAtE 1990s thE grEAtEst proBlEm in sAn FrAnCisCo’s inFrAstruCturE wAs thE muniCipAl rAilwAy. proportionAtEly morE sAn FrAnCisCAns rEly on puBliC trAnsportAtion thAn Do thE pEoplE in Any othErCAliForniA City, But riDErs ComplAinED oF sErious DElAys AnD ovErCrowDing. somE improvEmEnts wErE unDErwAy By 1999, AnD in thAt yEAr City votErs Also ApprovED mAjor ChAngEs in thE orgAnizAtionAl struCturE oF thE City’s trAnsportAtion DEpArtmEnts.
thE most sErious soCiAl proBlEms FACing thE City ArE not uniquE to sAn FrAnCisCo, But somE hAvE tAkEn on grEAtEr DimEnsions in thE City thAn thEy hAvE ElsEwhErE. onE suCh proBlEm is homElEssnEss.During thE ADministrAtion oF mAyorArtAgnos From 1988 to 1992, thE plAzA in Front oF City hAll BECAmE An EnCAmpmEnt For homElEss pEoplE, rEnDEring othEr usE impossiBlE AnD rAising puBliC hEAlth ConCErns.Agnos’s politiCAl opponEnts DuBBED it "CAmpAgnos" AnD thE situAtion ContriButED toAgnos’s DEFEAt in 1991. thE proBlEm oF homElEssnEss pErsists DEspitE thE EFForts oF City AgEnCiEs AnD privAtE ChAritiEs to proviDE shEltEr, hEAlth CArE, AnD Drug, AlCohol, AnD mEntAl hEAlth trEAtmEnt. in thE miD AnD lAtE 1990s mAyors FrAnk jorDAn AnD williEBrown Both sought to DisCourAgE homElEss pEoplE From living in puBliC spACE in thE Downtown ArEA AnD, inBrown’s CAsE, in golDEn gAtE pArk. howEvEr, rEsiDEnts oF othEr ArEAs ComplAinED thAt BECAusE oF thEsE projECts, thE DisplACED homElEss hAD movED into thEir nEighBorhooDs.
in othEr ArEAs thE City hAs mADE somE progrEss towArD ADDrEssing soCiAl proBlEms.As wAs truE ACross muCh oF thE nAtion, thE CrimE rAtE in sAn FrAnCisCo DroppED in thE 1990s, As DiD thE rAtE oF Drug-rElAtED violEnCE. in ADDition, somE puBliC homing projECts in sAn FrAnCisCo thAt wErE EspECiAlly pronE to violEnCE AnD Drug-rElAtED ACtivity wErE rAzED AnD rEBuilt with DEsigns ConsiDErED lEss likEly to EnCourAgE thosE ACtivitiEs. othEr puBliC homing projECts rECEivED stEppED up sECurity pAtrols.
somE soCiAl CritiCs hAvE pointED to An inCrEAsing EConomiC AnD soCiAl polArizAtion oF sAn FrAnCisCo’s populAtion. thosE who work in FinAnCE or high-tECh FiElDs ArE inCrEAsingly AFFluEnt, pushing rEnts AnD homE priCEs to Among thE highEst lEvEls in thE nAtion.At thE sAmE timE, pEoplE who lABor in thE sErviCE sECtor oFtEn work For thE minimum wAgE, CAnnot shArE thE AFFluEnt liFEstylEs ArounD thEm, AnD ArE hArD-prEssED to AFForD rising rEnts. thE DisAppEArAnCE oF mAny unionizED joBs in mAnuFACturing AnD
FAmous For its BEAutiFul sEtting, sAn FrAnCisCo is Built on A sEriEs oF stEEp hills loCAtED on thE northErn tip oF A pEninsulA At thE EntrAnCE to sAn FrAnCisCoBAy. thE BAy AnD its ExtEnsions, whiCh inCluDE sAn pABloBAy AnD suisunBAy, ConstitutE onE oF thE grEAt nAturAl hArBors oF thE worlD, EmBrACing nEArly 1,200 sq km (morE thAn 450 sq mi) oF wAtEr.BECAusE oF this, sAn FrAnCisCo wAs onCE thE mAjor pACiFiCCoAst sEAport oF thE unitED stAtEs. toDAy thE City is An importAnt CEntEr For FinAnCE, tEChnology, tourism, AnD CulturE. thE City wAs nAmED AFtEr sAn FrAnCisCoBAy, whiCh in turn wAs nAmED For sAint FrAnCis oFAssisi By EArly spAnish ExplorErs.
During thE lAtE 1990s thE grEAtEst proBlEm in sAn FrAnCisCo’s inFrAstruCturE wAs thE muniCipAl rAilwAy. proportionAtEly morE sAn FrAnCisCAns rEly on puBliC trAnsportAtion thAn Do thE pEoplE in Any othErCAliForniA City, But riDErs ComplAinED oF sErious DElAys AnD ovErCrowDing. somE improvEmEnts wErE unDErwAy By 1999, AnD in thAt yEAr City votErs Also ApprovED mAjor ChAngEs in thE orgAnizAtionAl struCturE oF thE City’s trAnsportAtion DEpArtmEnts.
thE most sErious soCiAl proBlEms FACing thE City ArE not uniquE to sAn FrAnCisCo, But somE hAvE tAkEn on grEAtEr DimEnsions in thE City thAn thEy hAvE ElsEwhErE. onE suCh proBlEm is homElEssnEss.During thE ADministrAtion oF mAyorArtAgnos From 1988 to 1992, thE plAzA in Front oF City hAll BECAmE An EnCAmpmEnt For homElEss pEoplE, rEnDEring othEr usE impossiBlE AnD rAising puBliC hEAlth ConCErns.Agnos’s politiCAl opponEnts DuBBED it "CAmpAgnos" AnD thE situAtion ContriButED toAgnos’s DEFEAt in 1991. thE proBlEm oF homElEssnEss pErsists DEspitE thE EFForts oF City AgEnCiEs AnD privAtE ChAritiEs to proviDE shEltEr, hEAlth CArE, AnD Drug, AlCohol, AnD mEntAl hEAlth trEAtmEnt. in thE miD AnD lAtE 1990s mAyors FrAnk jorDAn AnD williEBrown Both sought to DisCourAgE homElEss pEoplE From living in puBliC spACE in thE Downtown ArEA AnD, inBrown’s CAsE, in golDEn gAtE pArk. howEvEr, rEsiDEnts oF othEr ArEAs ComplAinED thAt BECAusE oF thEsE projECts, thE DisplACED homElEss hAD movED into thEir nEighBorhooDs.
in othEr ArEAs thE City hAs mADE somE progrEss towArD ADDrEssing soCiAl proBlEms.As wAs truE ACross muCh oF thE nAtion, thE CrimE rAtE in sAn FrAnCisCo DroppED in thE 1990s, As DiD thE rAtE oF Drug-rElAtED violEnCE. in ADDition, somE puBliC homing projECts in sAn FrAnCisCo thAt wErE EspECiAlly pronE to violEnCE AnD Drug-rElAtED ACtivity wErE rAzED AnD rEBuilt with DEsigns ConsiDErED lEss likEly to EnCourAgE thosE ACtivitiEs. othEr puBliC homing projECts rECEivED stEppED up sECurity pAtrols.
somE soCiAl CritiCs hAvE pointED to An inCrEAsing EConomiC AnD soCiAl polArizAtion oF sAn FrAnCisCo’s populAtion. thosE who work in FinAnCE or high-tECh FiElDs ArE inCrEAsingly AFFluEnt, pushing rEnts AnD homE priCEs to Among thE highEst lEvEls in thE nAtion.At thE sAmE timE, pEoplE who lABor in thE sErviCE sECtor oFtEn work For thE minimum wAgE, CAnnot shArE thE AFFluEnt liFEstylEs ArounD thEm, AnD ArE hArD-prEssED to AFForD rising rEnts. thE DisAppEArAnCE oF mAny unionizED joBs in mAnuFACturing AnD
【单选题】 It can be inferred from the passage that most pottery establishments in ancient Greece were situated
A．( in city centers
B．( on the outskirts of cities
C．( where clay could be found
D．( near other potters' workshops
A．( in city centers
B．( on the outskirts of cities
C．( where clay could be found
D．( near other potters' workshops
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