【单选题】One’s style of the dress reveals the human obsession with both novelty and tradition. People use clothing to declare their membership in a particular social group; however, the rules for what is acceptable dress for that group may change. In affluent societies, this changing of the rules is the driving force behind fashions. By keeping up with fashions, that is, by changing their clothing style frequently but simultaneously, members of a group both satisfy their desire for novelty and obey the rules, thus demonstrating their membership in the group.
There are some interesting variations regarding individual status. Some people, particularly in the West, consider themselves of such high status that they do not need to display it with their clothing. For example, many wealthy people in the entertainment industry appear in very casual clothes, such as the worn jeans and work boots of a manual laborer. However, it is likely that a subtle but important signal, such as an expensive wristwatch, will prevail over the message of the casual dress. Such an inverted status display is most likely to occur where the person’s high status is conveyed in ways other than with clothing, such as having a famous face.
1.According to the author, fashions serve all the following purposes EXCEPT
A.satisfying an interest in novelty
B.signaling a change in personal beliefs
C.displaying membership in a social group
D.following traditional rules
2.Why does the author discuss individual status in paragraph 2?
A.To state that individuals status is not important in the West
B.To argue that individuals need not obey every fashion rule
C.To contrast the status of entertainers with that of manual laborers
D.To explain how high status may involve an inverted status display
3. with the booming economy and rising status, Chinese people are beginning to remember the clothing belonging to our own nation which is called “han fu”(汉服)，and some youth have worn them in some traditional festivals. Please write an essay to express your own thinking.
There are some interesting variations regarding individual status. Some people, particularly in the West, consider themselves of such high status that they do not need to display it with their clothing. For example, many wealthy people in the entertainment industry appear in very casual clothes, such as the worn jeans and work boots of a manual laborer. However, it is likely that a subtle but important signal, such as an expensive wristwatch, will prevail over the message of the casual dress. Such an inverted status display is most likely to occur where the person’s high status is conveyed in ways other than with clothing, such as having a famous face.
1.According to the author, fashions serve all the following purposes EXCEPT
A.satisfying an interest in novelty
B.signaling a change in personal beliefs
C.displaying membership in a social group
D.following traditional rules
2.Why does the author discuss individual status in paragraph 2?
A.To state that individuals status is not important in the West
B.To argue that individuals need not obey every fashion rule
C.To contrast the status of entertainers with that of manual laborers
D.To explain how high status may involve an inverted status display
3. with the booming economy and rising status, Chinese people are beginning to remember the clothing belonging to our own nation which is called “han fu”(汉服)，and some youth have worn them in some traditional festivals. Please write an essay to express your own thinking.
【单选题】 Photograph was revolutionized in 1851 by the introduction of the collodion process for making glass negatives.
【单选题】 Both the United States silver dollar and half-dollar, first minted in 1794, had a figure of Liberty on one side and a eagle on the reverse side.
【单选题】 After the United States became independent, the cure of more fertile lands drew steadily New Englanders into the Ohio Valley and the British colony of Upper Canada.
【单选题】 Canada began (cultivation) wheat intensively in 1910, which (led to) a demand for tools, machines, (housing), and (building supplies).
A．cultivation
B．led to
C．housing
D．building supplies
A．cultivation
B．led to
C．housing
D．building supplies
【单选题】 The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass __________ Earth, with a similar interior, including a nickel-iron core.
A．( to
B．( as
C．( is
D．( than
A．( to
B．( as
C．( is
D．( than
【单选题】 Fuel is (any) substance or material (that reacts) chemically (with) another substance or material toproduce (hot).
A．any
B．that reacts
C．with
D．hot
A．any
B．that reacts
C．with
D．hot
【单选题】swimming mAChinEs
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs (mArlins, sAilFishEs, AnD sworDFish) swim Continuously. FEEDing, Courtship, rEproDuCtion, AnD EvEn "rEst" ArE CArriED out whilE in ConstAnt motion.As A rEsult, prACtiCAlly EvEry AspECt oF thE BoDy Form AnD FunCtion oF thEsE swimming "mAChinEs" is ADAptED to EnhAnCE thEr ABility to swim.
mAny oF thE ADAptAtions oF thEsE FishEs sErvE to rEDuCE wAtEr rEsistAnCE (DrAg). intErEstingly Enough, sEvErAl oF thEsE hyDroDynAmiC ADAptAtions rEsEmBlE FEAturEs DEsignED to improvE thE AEroDynAmiCs oF high-spEED wArCrAFt. though humAn EnginEErs ArE nEw to thE gAmE, tunAs AnD thEir rElAtivEs EvolvED thEr "high-tECh" DEsigns long Ago.
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs hAvE mADE strEAmlining into An Art For thEir BoDiEs ArE slEEk AnD CompACt. thE BoDy shApEs oF tunAs, in FACt, ArE nEArly iDEAl From An EnginEEring point oF viEw. most spECiEs lACk sCAlEs ovEr most oF thE BoDy, mAking it smooth AnD slippEry. thE EyEs liE Flush with thE BoDy AnD Do not protruDE At All. thEy ArE Also CovErED with A sliCk, trAnspArEnt liD thAt rEDuCEs DrAg. thE Fins ArE stiFF, smooth, AnD nArrow, quAlitiEs thAt Also hElp Cut DrAg. whEn not in usE, thE Fins ArE tuCkED into spECiAl groovEs or DEprEssions so thAt thEy liE Flush with thE BoDy AnD Do not BrEAkup its smooth Contours. AirplAnEs rEtrACt thEir lAnDing gEAr whilE in Flight For thE sAmE rEAson.
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs hAvE EvEn morE sophistiCAtED ADAptAtions thAn thEsE to improvE thEir hyDroDynAmiCs. thE long Bill oF mArlins, sAilFishEs, AnD sworDFish proBABly hElps thEm slip through thE wAtEr. mAny supErsoniC AirCrAFt hAvE A similAr nEEDlE At thE nosE.
most tunAs AnD BillFishEs hAvE A sEriEs oF kEEls AnD FinlEt nEAr thE tAil.Although most oF thEir sCAlEs hAvE BEEn lost, tunAs AnD mACkErEls rEtAin A pAtCh oF CoArsE sCAlEs nEAr thE hEAD CAllED thE CorsElEt. thE kEEls, FinlEt, AnD CorsElEt hElp DirECt thE Flow oF wAtEr ovEr thE BoDy surFACE in suCh As wAy As to rEDuCE rEsistAnCE (sEE thE FigurE).AgAin, supErsoniC jEts hAvE similAr FEAturEs.
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BECAusE thEy ArE AlwAys swimming, tunAs simply hAvE to opEn thEir mouths AnD wAtEr is ForCED in AnD ovEr thEir gills.
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ACCorDingly, thEy hAvE lost most oF thE musClEs thAt othEr FishEs usE to suCk in wAtEr AnD push it pAst thE gills.
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in FACt, tunAs must swim to BrEAthE.
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thEy must Also kEEp swimming to kEEp From sinking, sinCE most hAvE lArgEly or ComplEtEly lost thE swim BlADDEr, thE gAs FillED sAC thAt hElps most othEr Fish rEmAin BuoyAnt.
onE potEntiAl proBlEm is thAt opEning thE mouth to BrEAthE DEtrACts From thE strEAmlining oF thEsE FishEs AnD tEnDs to slow thEm Down. somE spECiEs oF tunA hAvE spECiAlizED groovEs in thEir tonguE. it is thought thAt thEsE groovEs hElp to ChAnnEl wAtEr through thE mouth AnD out thE gilt slits, thErEBy rEDuCing wAtEr rEsistAnCE.
thErE ArE ADAptAtions thAt inCrEAsE thE Amount oF ForwArD thrust As wEll As thosE thAt rEDuCE DrAg.AgAin, thEsE FishEs ArE thE Envy oF EnginEErs. thErE high, nArrow tAils with swEpt-BACk tips ArE Almost pErFECtly ADAptED to proviDE propulsion with thE lEAst possiBlE EFFort. pErhAps most importAnt oF All to thEsE AnD othEr FAst swimmErs is thEir ABility to sEnsE AnD mAkE usE oF swirls AnD EDDiEs (CirCulAr CurrEnts) in thE wAtEr. thEy CAn gliDE pAst EDDiEs thAt woulD slow thEm Down AnD thEn gAin ExtrA thrust By "pushing oFF" thE EDDiEs. sCiEntists AnD EnginEErs ArE BEginning to stuDy this ABility oF FishEs in thE hopE oF DEsigning morE EFFiCiEnt propulsion systEms For ships.
thE musClEs oF thEsE FishEs AnD thE mEChAnism thAt mAintAins A wArm BoDy
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs (mArlins, sAilFishEs, AnD sworDFish) swim Continuously. FEEDing, Courtship, rEproDuCtion, AnD EvEn "rEst" ArE CArriED out whilE in ConstAnt motion.As A rEsult, prACtiCAlly EvEry AspECt oF thE BoDy Form AnD FunCtion oF thEsE swimming "mAChinEs" is ADAptED to EnhAnCE thEr ABility to swim.
mAny oF thE ADAptAtions oF thEsE FishEs sErvE to rEDuCE wAtEr rEsistAnCE (DrAg). intErEstingly Enough, sEvErAl oF thEsE hyDroDynAmiC ADAptAtions rEsEmBlE FEAturEs DEsignED to improvE thE AEroDynAmiCs oF high-spEED wArCrAFt. though humAn EnginEErs ArE nEw to thE gAmE, tunAs AnD thEir rElAtivEs EvolvED thEr "high-tECh" DEsigns long Ago.
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs hAvE mADE strEAmlining into An Art For thEir BoDiEs ArE slEEk AnD CompACt. thE BoDy shApEs oF tunAs, in FACt, ArE nEArly iDEAl From An EnginEEring point oF viEw. most spECiEs lACk sCAlEs ovEr most oF thE BoDy, mAking it smooth AnD slippEry. thE EyEs liE Flush with thE BoDy AnD Do not protruDE At All. thEy ArE Also CovErED with A sliCk, trAnspArEnt liD thAt rEDuCEs DrAg. thE Fins ArE stiFF, smooth, AnD nArrow, quAlitiEs thAt Also hElp Cut DrAg. whEn not in usE, thE Fins ArE tuCkED into spECiAl groovEs or DEprEssions so thAt thEy liE Flush with thE BoDy AnD Do not BrEAkup its smooth Contours. AirplAnEs rEtrACt thEir lAnDing gEAr whilE in Flight For thE sAmE rEAson.
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs hAvE EvEn morE sophistiCAtED ADAptAtions thAn thEsE to improvE thEir hyDroDynAmiCs. thE long Bill oF mArlins, sAilFishEs, AnD sworDFish proBABly hElps thEm slip through thE wAtEr. mAny supErsoniC AirCrAFt hAvE A similAr nEEDlE At thE nosE.
most tunAs AnD BillFishEs hAvE A sEriEs oF kEEls AnD FinlEt nEAr thE tAil.Although most oF thEir sCAlEs hAvE BEEn lost, tunAs AnD mACkErEls rEtAin A pAtCh oF CoArsE sCAlEs nEAr thE hEAD CAllED thE CorsElEt. thE kEEls, FinlEt, AnD CorsElEt hElp DirECt thE Flow oF wAtEr ovEr thE BoDy surFACE in suCh As wAy As to rEDuCE rEsistAnCE (sEE thE FigurE).AgAin, supErsoniC jEts hAvE similAr FEAturEs.
onE potEntiAl proBlEm is thAt opEning thE mouth to BrEAthE DEtrACts From thE strEAmlining oF thEsE FishEs AnD tEnDs to slow thEm Down. somE spECiEs oF tunA hAvE spECiAlizED groovEs in thEir tonguE. it is thought thAt thEsE groovEs hElp to ChAnnEl wAtEr through thE mouth AnD out thE gilt slits, thErEBy rEDuCing wAtEr rEsistAnCE.
thErE ArE ADAptAtions thAt inCrEAsE thE Amount oF ForwArD thrust As wEll As thosE thAt rEDuCE DrAg.AgAin, thEsE FishEs ArE thE Envy oF EnginEErs. thErE high, nArrow tAils with swEpt-BACk tips ArE Almost pErFECtly ADAptED to proviDE propulsion with thE lEAst possiBlE EFFort. pErhAps most importAnt oF All to thEsE AnD othEr FAst swimmErs is thEir ABility to sEnsE AnD mAkE usE oF swirls AnD EDDiEs (CirCulAr CurrEnts) in thE wAtEr. thEy CAn gliDE pAst EDDiEs thAt woulD slow thEm Down AnD thEn gAin ExtrA thrust By "pushing oFF" thE EDDiEs. sCiEntists AnD EnginEErs ArE BEginning to stuDy this ABility oF FishEs in thE hopE oF DEsigning morE EFFiCiEnt propulsion systEms For ships.
thE musClEs oF thEsE FishEs AnD thE mEChAnism thAt mAintAins A wArm BoDy
【单选题】 According to the passage, how did the shift to agricultural societies impact people's family relationships
A．the extended family became less importan
B．Immediate neighbors often became family member
C．the nuclear family became self-sufficien
D．Family members began to wok together to raise foo
A．the extended family became less importan
B．Immediate neighbors often became family member
C．the nuclear family became self-sufficien
D．Family members began to wok together to raise foo
【单选题】 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning the Sumerians
A．They were descendants of the Persian
B．They were the first people to cultivate the valley of the Tigri
C．They were accomplished musician
D．They had the beginnings of an econom
A．They were descendants of the Persian
B．They were the first people to cultivate the valley of the Tigri
C．They were accomplished musician
D．They had the beginnings of an econom
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