【单选题】 In aeclipse of the Sun, the regions of umbra experience total eclipse and those of penumbra, partialeclipse.
【单选题】 Why are otters and mussel shells included in the discussion in paragraph 3
A．( To provide an example of tool use among animals
B．( To prove that certain species demonstrate greater ability in tool use than other species
C．(
D．(
A．( To provide an example of tool use among animals
B．( To prove that certain species demonstrate greater ability in tool use than other species
C．(
D．(
【单选题】 The passage implies that the warmest temperatures among the periods mentioned occurred
A．( in the early eighteenth century
B．( 160,000 years ago
C．( at the end of each ice age
D．( between 360 and 285 million years ago
A．( in the early eighteenth century
B．( 160,000 years ago
C．( at the end of each ice age
D．( between 360 and 285 million years ago
【单选题】 The author mentions all of the following as factors that define a place EXCEPT
A．( aspect
B．( altitude
C．( soil
D．( life-forms
A．( aspect
B．( altitude
C．( soil
D．( life-forms
【单选题】 What does the passage mainly discuss
A．( The use of nontraditional sounds in contemporary music
B．( How sounds are produced electronically
C．( How standard musical notation has beer, adapted for nontraditional sounds
D．( Several composers who have experimented with the electronic production of sound
A．( The use of nontraditional sounds in contemporary music
B．( How sounds are produced electronically
C．( How standard musical notation has beer, adapted for nontraditional sounds
D．( Several composers who have experimented with the electronic production of sound
【分析解答题】GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY
1The Greek word "systema" means union, and scientists use the word "system" to describe a collection of several components that are linked to one another by functional relationships.Everything outside the system is known as the surroundings. Most scientific literature is a description of the components of a system, their relationships with one another, and their relationships with other systems.Although each science has its own systems with their own subject matter and networks of relationships, the formal characteristics of systems are similar for all sciences. The scientific discipline called general systems theory formulates principles that are valid for systems in general, no matter the elements involved and the relations or forces among them.
2Systems can be divided into two types: closed systems and open systems.A、closed system receives no supply of energy from outside and transfers no energy outwards.An open system receives energy from its surroundings and transfers it out again.
3 A、closed system is isolated fiom its surroundings. The energy supply of a closed system is limited and is progressively used up by the processes operating within the system. The ability of the system to function decreases as the available energy is exhausteD、Without any additional energy supplied from the outside, the system’s processes stop altogether and no further change is possible in the system.A、mill wheel supplied with water from a non-refillable container is a closed system. Once the container of water is empty, the wheel no longer turns because there is no water to turn it. In a truly closed system, the water would have to be collected below the mill wheel in a second container to ensure that the system did not supply any energy to the outside.
4Some scientists argue that there are few truly closed systems in nature, and many define closed systems more broadly as those allowing energy but not mass to cross the system boundary.By this definition, theEarth system as a whole is a closed system. The boundary of theEarth system is the outer edge of the atmosphere, and except for the occasional meteorite, virtually no mass is exchanged between theEarth system and the rest of the universe. However, energy in the form of solar radiation passes from the sun, through the atmosphere to theEarth’s surface, which in turn radiates energy back out to space across the system boundary. Hence, energy passes across theEarth’s system boundary, but mass does not, making it a closed system.
5In an open system, energy and mass can be transferred between the system and its surroundings. Living organisms are open systems. They absorb light energy or chemical energy in the form of organic molecules and release heat and metabolic waste products, such as carbon dioxide, to the surroundings. Generally, relationships exist between the components of a system and its surroundings, that is, other systems.Each open system is part of a larger system that receives and gives off energy. In an open system, the energy is continually resupplied from sources outside the system. In the example of the mill wheel, if the non-refillable water container is replaced by a reservoir fed continuously by a stream, it becomes an open system because the energy supply is renewed from the outside.
6The natural environment is made up of open systems. These can behave as closed systems temporarily if the energy supply is halted for a perioD、If, for example, the stream to the reservoir supplying the mill dries up for a long period, the energy consumption of the mill wheel cannot be balanced by new energy supply. The water in the reservoir is used up, and if the dry period is long enough, the mill wheel stops turning.Eventually, the stream may flow again, filling the reservoir and turning the mill wheel again. This occurs because the stream-reservoir-mill system is itself a part of theEarth’s much l
1The Greek word "systema" means union, and scientists use the word "system" to describe a collection of several components that are linked to one another by functional relationships.Everything outside the system is known as the surroundings. Most scientific literature is a description of the components of a system, their relationships with one another, and their relationships with other systems.Although each science has its own systems with their own subject matter and networks of relationships, the formal characteristics of systems are similar for all sciences. The scientific discipline called general systems theory formulates principles that are valid for systems in general, no matter the elements involved and the relations or forces among them.
2Systems can be divided into two types: closed systems and open systems.A、closed system receives no supply of energy from outside and transfers no energy outwards.An open system receives energy from its surroundings and transfers it out again.
3 A、closed system is isolated fiom its surroundings. The energy supply of a closed system is limited and is progressively used up by the processes operating within the system. The ability of the system to function decreases as the available energy is exhausteD、Without any additional energy supplied from the outside, the system’s processes stop altogether and no further change is possible in the system.A、mill wheel supplied with water from a non-refillable container is a closed system. Once the container of water is empty, the wheel no longer turns because there is no water to turn it. In a truly closed system, the water would have to be collected below the mill wheel in a second container to ensure that the system did not supply any energy to the outside.
4Some scientists argue that there are few truly closed systems in nature, and many define closed systems more broadly as those allowing energy but not mass to cross the system boundary.By this definition, theEarth system as a whole is a closed system. The boundary of theEarth system is the outer edge of the atmosphere, and except for the occasional meteorite, virtually no mass is exchanged between theEarth system and the rest of the universe. However, energy in the form of solar radiation passes from the sun, through the atmosphere to theEarth’s surface, which in turn radiates energy back out to space across the system boundary. Hence, energy passes across theEarth’s system boundary, but mass does not, making it a closed system.
5In an open system, energy and mass can be transferred between the system and its surroundings. Living organisms are open systems. They absorb light energy or chemical energy in the form of organic molecules and release heat and metabolic waste products, such as carbon dioxide, to the surroundings. Generally, relationships exist between the components of a system and its surroundings, that is, other systems.Each open system is part of a larger system that receives and gives off energy. In an open system, the energy is continually resupplied from sources outside the system. In the example of the mill wheel, if the non-refillable water container is replaced by a reservoir fed continuously by a stream, it becomes an open system because the energy supply is renewed from the outside.
6The natural environment is made up of open systems. These can behave as closed systems temporarily if the energy supply is halted for a perioD、If, for example, the stream to the reservoir supplying the mill dries up for a long period, the energy consumption of the mill wheel cannot be balanced by new energy supply. The water in the reservoir is used up, and if the dry period is long enough, the mill wheel stops turning.Eventually, the stream may flow again, filling the reservoir and turning the mill wheel again. This occurs because the stream-reservoir-mill system is itself a part of theEarth’s much l
【单选题】swimming mAChinEs
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs (mArlins, sAilFishEs, AnD sworDFish) swim Continuously. FEEDing, Courtship, rEproDuCtion, AnD EvEn "rEst" ArE CArriED out whilE in ConstAnt motion.As A rEsult, prACtiCAlly EvEry AspECt oF thE BoDy Form AnD FunCtion oF thEsE swimming "mAChinEs" is ADAptED to EnhAnCE thEr ABility to swim.
mAny oF thE ADAptAtions oF thEsE FishEs sErvE to rEDuCE wAtEr rEsistAnCE (DrAg). intErEstingly Enough, sEvErAl oF thEsE hyDroDynAmiC ADAptAtions rEsEmBlE FEAturEs DEsignED to improvE thE AEroDynAmiCs oF high-spEED wArCrAFt. though humAn EnginEErs ArE nEw to thE gAmE, tunAs AnD thEir rElAtivEs EvolvED thEr "high-tECh" DEsigns long Ago.
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs hAvE mADE strEAmlining into An Art For thEir BoDiEs ArE slEEk AnD CompACt. thE BoDy shApEs oF tunAs, in FACt, ArE nEArly iDEAl From An EnginEEring point oF viEw. most spECiEs lACk sCAlEs ovEr most oF thE BoDy, mAking it smooth AnD slippEry. thE EyEs liE Flush with thE BoDy AnD Do not protruDE At All. thEy ArE Also CovErED with A sliCk, trAnspArEnt liD thAt rEDuCEs DrAg. thE Fins ArE stiFF, smooth, AnD nArrow, quAlitiEs thAt Also hElp Cut DrAg. whEn not in usE, thE Fins ArE tuCkED into spECiAl groovEs or DEprEssions so thAt thEy liE Flush with thE BoDy AnD Do not BrEAkup its smooth Contours. AirplAnEs rEtrACt thEir lAnDing gEAr whilE in Flight For thE sAmE rEAson.
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs hAvE EvEn morE sophistiCAtED ADAptAtions thAn thEsE to improvE thEir hyDroDynAmiCs. thE long Bill oF mArlins, sAilFishEs, AnD sworDFish proBABly hElps thEm slip through thE wAtEr. mAny supErsoniC AirCrAFt hAvE A similAr nEEDlE At thE nosE.
most tunAs AnD BillFishEs hAvE A sEriEs oF kEEls AnD FinlEt nEAr thE tAil.Although most oF thEir sCAlEs hAvE BEEn lost, tunAs AnD mACkErEls rEtAin A pAtCh oF CoArsE sCAlEs nEAr thE hEAD CAllED thE CorsElEt. thE kEEls, FinlEt, AnD CorsElEt hElp DirECt thE Flow oF wAtEr ovEr thE BoDy surFACE in suCh As wAy As to rEDuCE rEsistAnCE (sEE thE FigurE).AgAin, supErsoniC jEts hAvE similAr FEAturEs.
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BECAusE thEy ArE AlwAys swimming, tunAs simply hAvE to opEn thEir mouths AnD wAtEr is ForCED in AnD ovEr thEir gills.
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ACCorDingly, thEy hAvE lost most oF thE musClEs thAt othEr FishEs usE to suCk in wAtEr AnD push it pAst thE gills.
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in FACt, tunAs must swim to BrEAthE.
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thEy must Also kEEp swimming to kEEp From sinking, sinCE most hAvE lArgEly or ComplEtEly lost thE swim BlADDEr, thE gAs FillED sAC thAt hElps most othEr Fish rEmAin BuoyAnt.
onE potEntiAl proBlEm is thAt opEning thE mouth to BrEAthE DEtrACts From thE strEAmlining oF thEsE FishEs AnD tEnDs to slow thEm Down. somE spECiEs oF tunA hAvE spECiAlizED groovEs in thEir tonguE. it is thought thAt thEsE groovEs hElp to ChAnnEl wAtEr through thE mouth AnD out thE gilt slits, thErEBy rEDuCing wAtEr rEsistAnCE.
thErE ArE ADAptAtions thAt inCrEAsE thE Amount oF ForwArD thrust As wEll As thosE thAt rEDuCE DrAg.AgAin, thEsE FishEs ArE thE Envy oF EnginEErs. thErE high, nArrow tAils with swEpt-BACk tips ArE Almost pErFECtly ADAptED to proviDE propulsion with thE lEAst possiBlE EFFort. pErhAps most importAnt oF All to thEsE AnD othEr FAst swimmErs is thEir ABility to sEnsE AnD mAkE usE oF swirls AnD EDDiEs (CirCulAr CurrEnts) in thE wAtEr. thEy CAn gliDE pAst EDDiEs thAt woulD slow thEm Down AnD thEn gAin ExtrA thrust By "pushing oFF" thE EDDiEs. sCiEntists AnD EnginEErs ArE BEginning to stuDy this ABility oF FishEs in thE hopE oF DEsigning morE EFFiCiEnt propulsion systEms For ships.
thE musClEs oF thEsE FishEs AnD thE mEChAnism thAt mAintAins A wArm BoDy
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs (mArlins, sAilFishEs, AnD sworDFish) swim Continuously. FEEDing, Courtship, rEproDuCtion, AnD EvEn "rEst" ArE CArriED out whilE in ConstAnt motion.As A rEsult, prACtiCAlly EvEry AspECt oF thE BoDy Form AnD FunCtion oF thEsE swimming "mAChinEs" is ADAptED to EnhAnCE thEr ABility to swim.
mAny oF thE ADAptAtions oF thEsE FishEs sErvE to rEDuCE wAtEr rEsistAnCE (DrAg). intErEstingly Enough, sEvErAl oF thEsE hyDroDynAmiC ADAptAtions rEsEmBlE FEAturEs DEsignED to improvE thE AEroDynAmiCs oF high-spEED wArCrAFt. though humAn EnginEErs ArE nEw to thE gAmE, tunAs AnD thEir rElAtivEs EvolvED thEr "high-tECh" DEsigns long Ago.
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs hAvE mADE strEAmlining into An Art For thEir BoDiEs ArE slEEk AnD CompACt. thE BoDy shApEs oF tunAs, in FACt, ArE nEArly iDEAl From An EnginEEring point oF viEw. most spECiEs lACk sCAlEs ovEr most oF thE BoDy, mAking it smooth AnD slippEry. thE EyEs liE Flush with thE BoDy AnD Do not protruDE At All. thEy ArE Also CovErED with A sliCk, trAnspArEnt liD thAt rEDuCEs DrAg. thE Fins ArE stiFF, smooth, AnD nArrow, quAlitiEs thAt Also hElp Cut DrAg. whEn not in usE, thE Fins ArE tuCkED into spECiAl groovEs or DEprEssions so thAt thEy liE Flush with thE BoDy AnD Do not BrEAkup its smooth Contours. AirplAnEs rEtrACt thEir lAnDing gEAr whilE in Flight For thE sAmE rEAson.
tunAs, mACkErEls, AnD BillFishEs hAvE EvEn morE sophistiCAtED ADAptAtions thAn thEsE to improvE thEir hyDroDynAmiCs. thE long Bill oF mArlins, sAilFishEs, AnD sworDFish proBABly hElps thEm slip through thE wAtEr. mAny supErsoniC AirCrAFt hAvE A similAr nEEDlE At thE nosE.
most tunAs AnD BillFishEs hAvE A sEriEs oF kEEls AnD FinlEt nEAr thE tAil.Although most oF thEir sCAlEs hAvE BEEn lost, tunAs AnD mACkErEls rEtAin A pAtCh oF CoArsE sCAlEs nEAr thE hEAD CAllED thE CorsElEt. thE kEEls, FinlEt, AnD CorsElEt hElp DirECt thE Flow oF wAtEr ovEr thE BoDy surFACE in suCh As wAy As to rEDuCE rEsistAnCE (sEE thE FigurE).AgAin, supErsoniC jEts hAvE similAr FEAturEs.
onE potEntiAl proBlEm is thAt opEning thE mouth to BrEAthE DEtrACts From thE strEAmlining oF thEsE FishEs AnD tEnDs to slow thEm Down. somE spECiEs oF tunA hAvE spECiAlizED groovEs in thEir tonguE. it is thought thAt thEsE groovEs hElp to ChAnnEl wAtEr through thE mouth AnD out thE gilt slits, thErEBy rEDuCing wAtEr rEsistAnCE.
thErE ArE ADAptAtions thAt inCrEAsE thE Amount oF ForwArD thrust As wEll As thosE thAt rEDuCE DrAg.AgAin, thEsE FishEs ArE thE Envy oF EnginEErs. thErE high, nArrow tAils with swEpt-BACk tips ArE Almost pErFECtly ADAptED to proviDE propulsion with thE lEAst possiBlE EFFort. pErhAps most importAnt oF All to thEsE AnD othEr FAst swimmErs is thEir ABility to sEnsE AnD mAkE usE oF swirls AnD EDDiEs (CirCulAr CurrEnts) in thE wAtEr. thEy CAn gliDE pAst EDDiEs thAt woulD slow thEm Down AnD thEn gAin ExtrA thrust By "pushing oFF" thE EDDiEs. sCiEntists AnD EnginEErs ArE BEginning to stuDy this ABility oF FishEs in thE hopE oF DEsigning morE EFFiCiEnt propulsion systEms For ships.
thE musClEs oF thEsE FishEs AnD thE mEChAnism thAt mAintAins A wArm BoDy
【单选题】Country musiC
A、CommErCiAl oFFshoot oF thE Folk musiC oF thE rurAl south, Country musiC is AnAmEriCAn Art Form thAt gAinED worlDwiDE AppEAl AFtEr worlD wAr ⅱ. originAlly known As hillBilly or mountAin musiC, Country musiC grEw From thE Folk musiC thAt wAs Brought to northAmEriCA ByAnglo-CEltiC sEttlErs in thE 1700s AnD 1800s. thE musiC ChAngED As it CAmE in ContACt with EthniC musiC--ACADiAnCAjun) in louisiAnA, lAtin in thE southwEst,AFriCAn throughout muCh oF thE south--AnD suCh populAr musiC As thAt FounD in vAuDEvillE, minstrEl shows, AnD hAwAiiAn tEnt shows. it wAs Also CAllED Country AnD wEstErn musiC BECAusE oF its populArity with CowBoys.
trADitionAlly Country musiCiAns hAvE BEEn most proFiCiEnt on stringED instrumEnts. thE violin, or FiDDlE, wAs thE most populAr instrumEnt on thE FrontiEr BECAusE oF its EAsy portABility. to this DAy FiDDlE ContEsts rEmAin A FEAturE oF thE Country musiC sCEnE. thE BAnjo wAs ADAptED From thEAFriCAnAmEriCAn CulturE, AnD thE FivE-siring moDEl is now univErsAlly populAr Among pErFormErs oF thE stylE known As BluEgrAss. thE guitAr hAs long BEEn A stAplE oF Country musiC BAnDs AnD singErs. string BAss AnD hAwAiiAn guitAr hAvE BEEn usED sinCE thE 1920s, AnD thEir moDErn DEsCEnDAnts ArE thE ElECtriC BAss AnD thE pEDAl stEEl guitAr.Drums, piAnos, AnD ElECtriFiED instrumEnts, usED As EArly As thE 1930s By wEstErn swing BAnDs, ArE hEArD on Country rECorDings From thE 1950s.
in 1922 rADio stAtions wBAp in Fort worth, tEx. , AnD wsB、inAtlAntA, gA、, BroADCAst shows CAllED BArn DAnCEs, moDElED AFtEr thE inFormAl soCiAl DAnCing oF thE FrontiEr.ChiCAgo’s wls stArtED whAt BECAmE thE nAtionAlBArnDAnCE in 1924, AnD wsm in nAshvillE, tEnn., BEgAn itsBArnDAnCE in novEmBEr 1925, just onE month AFtEr going on thE Air. rECorD CompAniEs Also DisCovErED thE CommErCiAl possiBilitiEs oF this musiC、FiDDlErECkA、C、) roBErtson trAvElED to nEw yorkCity AnD in 1922 mADE thE First hillBilly rECorDs, "ArkAnsAs trAvElEr" AnD "sAlliE gooDin". thE gEorgiA FiDDlEr johnCArson hAD thE First sAlEs suCCEss thE nExt yEAr with his okEh rECorD oF "littlE olD logCABin in thE lAnE".A、tExAs nAtivE who ACtuAlly hAD voiCE trAining AnD light opErA ExpEriEnCE, vErnonDAlhArt (his rEAl nAmE wAs mArion slAughtEr) solD millions oF rECorDs in thE 1920s For DozEns oF DiFFErEnt CompAniEs. his First Big sEllErs wErE "thE prisonEr’s song" AnD "thE wrECk oF thE olD 97" For viCtor in 1924. in 1927 jimmiE roDgErs, originAlly A yoDElEr, mADE his First rECorDings.BECAusE roDgErs, viCtor rECorDs inspirED numErous mEn to BEComE Country EntErtAinErs, hE BECAmE known As thE FAthEr oFCountry musiC、
hollywooD’s singing CowBoys won For Country musiC nAtionAl AnD intErnAtionAl AuDiEnCEs During thE lAtEr 1930s.EvEn though rECorD sAlEs For Country AnD othEr typEs oF musiC slippED During thE grEAtDEprEssion, rADio ContinuED to BroADCAst A lArgE ArrAy oF livE Country musiC tAlEnt, usuAlly in thE EArly morning, noon, or lAtE night hours. nEw BArn DAnCEs wErE hEArD on thE AirwAvEs, AnD two oF thE loCAl shows gAinED nEtwork rADio AuDiEnCEs During thE 1930s.
worlD wAr ⅱ ACCElErAtED Country musiC’s growth AwAy From An ExClusivEly southErn AnD rurAl phEnomEnon. southErn sErviCEmEn took thE musiC with thEm to FAr-Flung pArts oF thE nAtion AnD thE worlD, whilE CiviliAn DEFEnsE workErs From thE south Brought thEir lovE oF thE musiC into thE vArious CEntErs oF wAr proDuCtion.
thE postwAr yEArs Brought A nEwFounD nAtionAl prospErity, whiCh BoostED Country musiC to grEAtEr CommErCiAl hEights. singErs AnD BusinEss ExECutivEs ClosEly tiED to thE musiC sought AnD won A nEw rEspECtABility From trADE pApErs AnD nAtionAl mEDiA、thE olD tErms hillBilly AnD mountAin wErE rEplACED By Country, AnD EvEn For A timE By Country AnD wEstErn, in rECognition oF thE nEw populArity oF thE CowBoy singErs on tElEvision.
点击查看答案
A、CommErCiAl oFFshoot oF thE Folk musiC oF thE rurAl south, Country musiC is AnAmEriCAn Art Form thAt gAinED worlDwiDE AppEAl AFtEr worlD wAr ⅱ. originAlly known As hillBilly or mountAin musiC, Country musiC grEw From thE Folk musiC thAt wAs Brought to northAmEriCA ByAnglo-CEltiC sEttlErs in thE 1700s AnD 1800s. thE musiC ChAngED As it CAmE in ContACt with EthniC musiC--ACADiAnCAjun) in louisiAnA, lAtin in thE southwEst,AFriCAn throughout muCh oF thE south--AnD suCh populAr musiC As thAt FounD in vAuDEvillE, minstrEl shows, AnD hAwAiiAn tEnt shows. it wAs Also CAllED Country AnD wEstErn musiC BECAusE oF its populArity with CowBoys.
trADitionAlly Country musiCiAns hAvE BEEn most proFiCiEnt on stringED instrumEnts. thE violin, or FiDDlE, wAs thE most populAr instrumEnt on thE FrontiEr BECAusE oF its EAsy portABility. to this DAy FiDDlE ContEsts rEmAin A FEAturE oF thE Country musiC sCEnE. thE BAnjo wAs ADAptED From thEAFriCAnAmEriCAn CulturE, AnD thE FivE-siring moDEl is now univErsAlly populAr Among pErFormErs oF thE stylE known As BluEgrAss. thE guitAr hAs long BEEn A stAplE oF Country musiC BAnDs AnD singErs. string BAss AnD hAwAiiAn guitAr hAvE BEEn usED sinCE thE 1920s, AnD thEir moDErn DEsCEnDAnts ArE thE ElECtriC BAss AnD thE pEDAl stEEl guitAr.Drums, piAnos, AnD ElECtriFiED instrumEnts, usED As EArly As thE 1930s By wEstErn swing BAnDs, ArE hEArD on Country rECorDings From thE 1950s.
in 1922 rADio stAtions wBAp in Fort worth, tEx. , AnD wsB、inAtlAntA, gA、, BroADCAst shows CAllED BArn DAnCEs, moDElED AFtEr thE inFormAl soCiAl DAnCing oF thE FrontiEr.ChiCAgo’s wls stArtED whAt BECAmE thE nAtionAlBArnDAnCE in 1924, AnD wsm in nAshvillE, tEnn., BEgAn itsBArnDAnCE in novEmBEr 1925, just onE month AFtEr going on thE Air. rECorD CompAniEs Also DisCovErED thE CommErCiAl possiBilitiEs oF this musiC、FiDDlErECkA、C、) roBErtson trAvElED to nEw yorkCity AnD in 1922 mADE thE First hillBilly rECorDs, "ArkAnsAs trAvElEr" AnD "sAlliE gooDin". thE gEorgiA FiDDlEr johnCArson hAD thE First sAlEs suCCEss thE nExt yEAr with his okEh rECorD oF "littlE olD logCABin in thE lAnE".A、tExAs nAtivE who ACtuAlly hAD voiCE trAining AnD light opErA ExpEriEnCE, vErnonDAlhArt (his rEAl nAmE wAs mArion slAughtEr) solD millions oF rECorDs in thE 1920s For DozEns oF DiFFErEnt CompAniEs. his First Big sEllErs wErE "thE prisonEr’s song" AnD "thE wrECk oF thE olD 97" For viCtor in 1924. in 1927 jimmiE roDgErs, originAlly A yoDElEr, mADE his First rECorDings.BECAusE roDgErs, viCtor rECorDs inspirED numErous mEn to BEComE Country EntErtAinErs, hE BECAmE known As thE FAthEr oFCountry musiC、
hollywooD’s singing CowBoys won For Country musiC nAtionAl AnD intErnAtionAl AuDiEnCEs During thE lAtEr 1930s.EvEn though rECorD sAlEs For Country AnD othEr typEs oF musiC slippED During thE grEAtDEprEssion, rADio ContinuED to BroADCAst A lArgE ArrAy oF livE Country musiC tAlEnt, usuAlly in thE EArly morning, noon, or lAtE night hours. nEw BArn DAnCEs wErE hEArD on thE AirwAvEs, AnD two oF thE loCAl shows gAinED nEtwork rADio AuDiEnCEs During thE 1930s.
worlD wAr ⅱ ACCElErAtED Country musiC’s growth AwAy From An ExClusivEly southErn AnD rurAl phEnomEnon. southErn sErviCEmEn took thE musiC with thEm to FAr-Flung pArts oF thE nAtion AnD thE worlD, whilE CiviliAn DEFEnsE workErs From thE south Brought thEir lovE oF thE musiC into thE vArious CEntErs oF wAr proDuCtion.
thE postwAr yEArs Brought A nEwFounD nAtionAl prospErity, whiCh BoostED Country musiC to grEAtEr CommErCiAl hEights. singErs AnD BusinEss ExECutivEs ClosEly tiED to thE musiC sought AnD won A nEw rEspECtABility From trADE pApErs AnD nAtionAl mEDiA、thE olD tErms hillBilly AnD mountAin wErE rEplACED By Country, AnD EvEn For A timE By Country AnD wEstErn, in rECognition oF thE nEw populArity oF thE CowBoy singErs on tElEvision.
【单选题】nEw-AgE trAnsport
it looks As iF it CAmE strAight From thE sEt oF stAr wArs. it hAs Four-whEEl DrivE AnD risEs ABovE roCky surFACEs. it lowErs AnD rAisEs its nosE whEn going up AnD Down hills.AnD whEn it ComEs to A rivEr, it turns AmphiBious: two hyDrojEt powEr it Along By BlAsting wAtEr unDEr its BoDy. thErE is room For two pAssEngErs AnD A DrivEr, who sit insiDE A glAss BuBBlE opErAting ElECtroniC, AirCrAFt-typE Controls.A、vEhiClE so DAring on lAnD AnD wAtEr nEEDs winDsCrEEn wipErs--But it DoEsn’t hAvE Any. wAtEr molECulEs ArE DisintEgrAtED on thE sCrEEn’s surFACE By ultrAsoniC sEnsors.
this unusuAl vEhiClE is thE rACoon. it is An invEntion not oF hollywooD But oF rEnAult, A rAthEr ConsErvAtivE FrEnCh stAtE-ownED CAr-mAkEr, BEttEr known For its FAmily hAtChBACks. rEnAult Built thE rACoon to ExplorE nEw FrEEDoms For DEsignErs AnD EnginEErs CrEAtED By ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls AnD mAnuFACturing proCEssEs. rEnAult is thinking ABout stArtlingly DiFFErEnt CArs; othEr proDuCErs hAvE rADiCAl nEw iDEAs For trAins, BoAts AnD AEroplAnEs.
thE First oF thE nEw FrEEDoms is in DEsign. powErFul ComputEr-AiDED DEsignCAD、systEms CAn rEplACE with A CliCk oF A ComputEr mousE hours oF lABorious work DonE on thousAnDs oF DrAwing BoArDs. so nEw proDuCts, no mAttEr how CompliCAtED, CAn BE DEvElopED muCh FAstEr. For thE First timE,BoEing will not hAvE to BuilD A giAnt rEpliCA oF its nEw AirlinEr, thE 777, to mAkE surE All thE Bits Fit togEthEr. itsCA
D、systEm will tAkE CArE oF thAt.
But rEnAult is tAkingCA
D、FurthEr. it ClAims thE rACoon is thE worlD’s First vEhiClE to BE DEsignED within thE DigitisED worlD oF virtuAl rEAlity.ComplEx progrAms wErE usED to simulAtE thE vEhiClE AnD thE tErrAin thAt it wAs ExpECtED to Cross. this AllowED A tEAm lED By pAtriCk g. m. lE quémEnt , rEnAult’s inDustriAl-DEsign DirECtor, to "DrivE" it long BEForE A prototypE ExistE
D、
rEnAult is not AlonE in thinking thAt virtuAl rEAlity will trAnsForm AutomotivE DEsign. inDEtroit, ForD is Also invEstigAting its potEntiAl. jACk turnEr, thE Firm’s hEAD oF DEsign, woulD likE DEsignErs in DiFFErEnt pArts oF thE worlD to work morE ClosEly togEthEr, linkED By ComputErs. thEy woulD Do morE thAn stylE CArs. virtuAl rEAlity will Allow EnginEErs to pEEr insiDE thE working pArt oF A vEhiClE.DEsignErs will wAtCh BEAtings movE, oil Flow, gEArs mEsh AnD hyDrAuliCs pump.As thEsE tEChniquEs CAtCh on, EvEn strAngEr vEhiClEs ArE likEly to ComE Along.
trAnsForming thEsE CrEAtions From virtuAl rEAlity to ACtuAl rEAlity will Also BEComE EAsiEr, EspECiAlly with ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls. Firms thAt onCE BAshED EvErything out oF stEEl now FinD thAt nEw Alloys or CompositE mAtEriAls (whiCh CAn BE mADE From mixturEs oF plAstiC, rEsin, CErAmiCs AnD mEtAls, rEinForCED with FiBrEs suCh As glAss or CArBon) ArE ChAnging thE rulEs oF mAnuFACturing.At thE sAmE timE, olD mAtEriAls kEEp gEtting BEttEr, As thEir proDuCErs try to sECurE thEir plACE in thE FACtory oF thE FuturE.
![]()
this CompEtition is inCrEAsing thE pACE oF DEvElopmEnt oF All mAtEriAls.
![]()
onE CompAny in this FiElD is sCAlEDCompositEs.
![]()
it wAs stArtED in 1982 ByBurr rutAn, An AviAtor who hAs DEvisED mAny unusuAl AirCrAFt.
![]()
it hAs Also workED on CompositE sAils For thEAmEriCA’sCup yACht rACE AnD on gEnErAl motors’ ultrAlitE, A 100-milEs pEr-gAllon ExpErimEntAl FAmily CAr Built From CArBon FiBrE.
AgAin, thE rACoon rEFlECts this rACE BEtwEEn thE olD AnD thE nEw. it usEs ConvEntionAl stEEl AnD whAt rEnAult DEsCriBEs As A nEw "high-limit ElAstiC stEEl" in its ChAssis. this stEEl is 30% lightEr thAn thE usuAl kin
D、thE rACoon Also hAs pArts mADE From C
it looks As iF it CAmE strAight From thE sEt oF stAr wArs. it hAs Four-whEEl DrivE AnD risEs ABovE roCky surFACEs. it lowErs AnD rAisEs its nosE whEn going up AnD Down hills.AnD whEn it ComEs to A rivEr, it turns AmphiBious: two hyDrojEt powEr it Along By BlAsting wAtEr unDEr its BoDy. thErE is room For two pAssEngErs AnD A DrivEr, who sit insiDE A glAss BuBBlE opErAting ElECtroniC, AirCrAFt-typE Controls.A、vEhiClE so DAring on lAnD AnD wAtEr nEEDs winDsCrEEn wipErs--But it DoEsn’t hAvE Any. wAtEr molECulEs ArE DisintEgrAtED on thE sCrEEn’s surFACE By ultrAsoniC sEnsors.
this unusuAl vEhiClE is thE rACoon. it is An invEntion not oF hollywooD But oF rEnAult, A rAthEr ConsErvAtivE FrEnCh stAtE-ownED CAr-mAkEr, BEttEr known For its FAmily hAtChBACks. rEnAult Built thE rACoon to ExplorE nEw FrEEDoms For DEsignErs AnD EnginEErs CrEAtED By ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls AnD mAnuFACturing proCEssEs. rEnAult is thinking ABout stArtlingly DiFFErEnt CArs; othEr proDuCErs hAvE rADiCAl nEw iDEAs For trAins, BoAts AnD AEroplAnEs.
thE First oF thE nEw FrEEDoms is in DEsign. powErFul ComputEr-AiDED DEsignCAD、systEms CAn rEplACE with A CliCk oF A ComputEr mousE hours oF lABorious work DonE on thousAnDs oF DrAwing BoArDs. so nEw proDuCts, no mAttEr how CompliCAtED, CAn BE DEvElopED muCh FAstEr. For thE First timE,BoEing will not hAvE to BuilD A giAnt rEpliCA oF its nEw AirlinEr, thE 777, to mAkE surE All thE Bits Fit togEthEr. itsCA
D、systEm will tAkE CArE oF thAt.
But rEnAult is tAkingCA
D、FurthEr. it ClAims thE rACoon is thE worlD’s First vEhiClE to BE DEsignED within thE DigitisED worlD oF virtuAl rEAlity.ComplEx progrAms wErE usED to simulAtE thE vEhiClE AnD thE tErrAin thAt it wAs ExpECtED to Cross. this AllowED A tEAm lED By pAtriCk g. m. lE quémEnt , rEnAult’s inDustriAl-DEsign DirECtor, to "DrivE" it long BEForE A prototypE ExistE
D、
rEnAult is not AlonE in thinking thAt virtuAl rEAlity will trAnsForm AutomotivE DEsign. inDEtroit, ForD is Also invEstigAting its potEntiAl. jACk turnEr, thE Firm’s hEAD oF DEsign, woulD likE DEsignErs in DiFFErEnt pArts oF thE worlD to work morE ClosEly togEthEr, linkED By ComputErs. thEy woulD Do morE thAn stylE CArs. virtuAl rEAlity will Allow EnginEErs to pEEr insiDE thE working pArt oF A vEhiClE.DEsignErs will wAtCh BEAtings movE, oil Flow, gEArs mEsh AnD hyDrAuliCs pump.As thEsE tEChniquEs CAtCh on, EvEn strAngEr vEhiClEs ArE likEly to ComE Along.
trAnsForming thEsE CrEAtions From virtuAl rEAlity to ACtuAl rEAlity will Also BEComE EAsiEr, EspECiAlly with ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls. Firms thAt onCE BAshED EvErything out oF stEEl now FinD thAt nEw Alloys or CompositE mAtEriAls (whiCh CAn BE mADE From mixturEs oF plAstiC, rEsin, CErAmiCs AnD mEtAls, rEinForCED with FiBrEs suCh As glAss or CArBon) ArE ChAnging thE rulEs oF mAnuFACturing.At thE sAmE timE, olD mAtEriAls kEEp gEtting BEttEr, As thEir proDuCErs try to sECurE thEir plACE in thE FACtory oF thE FuturE.
AgAin, thE rACoon rEFlECts this rACE BEtwEEn thE olD AnD thE nEw. it usEs ConvEntionAl stEEl AnD whAt rEnAult DEsCriBEs As A nEw "high-limit ElAstiC stEEl" in its ChAssis. this stEEl is 30% lightEr thAn thE usuAl kin
D、thE rACoon Also hAs pArts mADE From C
【多选题】nEw-AgE trAnsport
it looks As iF it CAmE strAight From thE sEt oF stAr wArs. it hAs Four-whEEl DrivE AnD risEs ABovE roCky surFACEs. it lowErs AnD rAisEs its nosE whEn going up AnD Down hills.AnD whEn it ComEs to A rivEr, it turns AmphiBious: two hyDrojEt powEr it Along By BlAsting wAtEr unDEr its BoDy. thErE is room For two pAssEngErs AnD A DrivEr, who sit insiDE A glAss BuBBlE opErAting ElECtroniC, AirCrAFt-typE Controls.A、vEhiClE so DAring on lAnD AnD wAtEr nEEDs winDsCrEEn wipErs--But it DoEsn’t hAvE Any. wAtEr molECulEs ArE DisintEgrAtED on thE sCrEEn’s surFACE By ultrAsoniC sEnsors.
this unusuAl vEhiClE is thE rACoon. it is An invEntion not oF hollywooD But oF rEnAult, A rAthEr ConsErvAtivE FrEnCh stAtE-ownED CAr-mAkEr, BEttEr known For its FAmily hAtChBACks. rEnAult Built thE rACoon to ExplorE nEw FrEEDoms For DEsignErs AnD EnginEErs CrEAtED By ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls AnD mAnuFACturing proCEssEs. rEnAult is thinking ABout stArtlingly DiFFErEnt CArs; othEr proDuCErs hAvE rADiCAl nEw iDEAs For trAins, BoAts AnD AEroplAnEs.
thE First oF thE nEw FrEEDoms is in DEsign. powErFul ComputEr-AiDED DEsignCAD、systEms CAn rEplACE with A CliCk oF A ComputEr mousE hours oF lABorious work DonE on thousAnDs oF DrAwing BoArDs. so nEw proDuCts, no mAttEr how CompliCAtED, CAn BE DEvElopED muCh FAstEr. For thE First timE,BoEing will not hAvE to BuilD A giAnt rEpliCA oF its nEw AirlinEr, thE 777, to mAkE surE All thE Bits Fit togEthEr. itsCA
D、systEm will tAkE CArE oF thAt.
But rEnAult is tAkingCA
D、FurthEr. it ClAims thE rACoon is thE worlD’s First vEhiClE to BE DEsignED within thE DigitisED worlD oF virtuAl rEAlity.ComplEx progrAms wErE usED to simulAtE thE vEhiClE AnD thE tErrAin thAt it wAs ExpECtED to Cross. this AllowED A tEAm lED By pAtriCk g. m. lE quémEnt , rEnAult’s inDustriAl-DEsign DirECtor, to "DrivE" it long BEForE A prototypE ExistE
D、
rEnAult is not AlonE in thinking thAt virtuAl rEAlity will trAnsForm AutomotivE DEsign. inDEtroit, ForD is Also invEstigAting its potEntiAl. jACk turnEr, thE Firm’s hEAD oF DEsign, woulD likE DEsignErs in DiFFErEnt pArts oF thE worlD to work morE ClosEly togEthEr, linkED By ComputErs. thEy woulD Do morE thAn stylE CArs. virtuAl rEAlity will Allow EnginEErs to pEEr insiDE thE working pArt oF A vEhiClE.DEsignErs will wAtCh BEAtings movE, oil Flow, gEArs mEsh AnD hyDrAuliCs pump.As thEsE tEChniquEs CAtCh on, EvEn strAngEr vEhiClEs ArE likEly to ComE Along.
trAnsForming thEsE CrEAtions From virtuAl rEAlity to ACtuAl rEAlity will Also BEComE EAsiEr, EspECiAlly with ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls. Firms thAt onCE BAshED EvErything out oF stEEl now FinD thAt nEw Alloys or CompositE mAtEriAls (whiCh CAn BE mADE From mixturEs oF plAstiC, rEsin, CErAmiCs AnD mEtAls, rEinForCED with FiBrEs suCh As glAss or CArBon) ArE ChAnging thE rulEs oF mAnuFACturing.At thE sAmE timE, olD mAtEriAls kEEp gEtting BEttEr, As thEir proDuCErs try to sECurE thEir plACE in thE FACtory oF thE FuturE.
![]()
this CompEtition is inCrEAsing thE pACE oF DEvElopmEnt oF All mAtEriAls.
![]()
onE CompAny in this FiElD is sCAlEDCompositEs.
![]()
it wAs stArtED in 1982 ByBurr rutAn, An AviAtor who hAs DEvisED mAny unusuAl AirCrAFt.
![]()
it hAs Also workED on CompositE sAils For thEAmEriCA’sCup yACht rACE AnD on gEnErAl motors’ ultrAlitE, A 100-milEs pEr-gAllon ExpErimEntAl FAmily CAr Built From CArBon FiBrE.
AgAin, thE rACoon rEFlECts this rACE BEtwEEn thE olD AnD thE nEw. it usEs ConvEntionAl stEEl AnD whAt rEnAult DEsCriBEs As A nEw "high-limit ElAstiC stEEl" in its ChAssis. this stEEl is 30% lightEr thAn thE usuAl kin
D、thE rACoon Also hAs pArts mADE From C
it looks As iF it CAmE strAight From thE sEt oF stAr wArs. it hAs Four-whEEl DrivE AnD risEs ABovE roCky surFACEs. it lowErs AnD rAisEs its nosE whEn going up AnD Down hills.AnD whEn it ComEs to A rivEr, it turns AmphiBious: two hyDrojEt powEr it Along By BlAsting wAtEr unDEr its BoDy. thErE is room For two pAssEngErs AnD A DrivEr, who sit insiDE A glAss BuBBlE opErAting ElECtroniC, AirCrAFt-typE Controls.A、vEhiClE so DAring on lAnD AnD wAtEr nEEDs winDsCrEEn wipErs--But it DoEsn’t hAvE Any. wAtEr molECulEs ArE DisintEgrAtED on thE sCrEEn’s surFACE By ultrAsoniC sEnsors.
this unusuAl vEhiClE is thE rACoon. it is An invEntion not oF hollywooD But oF rEnAult, A rAthEr ConsErvAtivE FrEnCh stAtE-ownED CAr-mAkEr, BEttEr known For its FAmily hAtChBACks. rEnAult Built thE rACoon to ExplorE nEw FrEEDoms For DEsignErs AnD EnginEErs CrEAtED By ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls AnD mAnuFACturing proCEssEs. rEnAult is thinking ABout stArtlingly DiFFErEnt CArs; othEr proDuCErs hAvE rADiCAl nEw iDEAs For trAins, BoAts AnD AEroplAnEs.
thE First oF thE nEw FrEEDoms is in DEsign. powErFul ComputEr-AiDED DEsignCAD、systEms CAn rEplACE with A CliCk oF A ComputEr mousE hours oF lABorious work DonE on thousAnDs oF DrAwing BoArDs. so nEw proDuCts, no mAttEr how CompliCAtED, CAn BE DEvElopED muCh FAstEr. For thE First timE,BoEing will not hAvE to BuilD A giAnt rEpliCA oF its nEw AirlinEr, thE 777, to mAkE surE All thE Bits Fit togEthEr. itsCA
D、systEm will tAkE CArE oF thAt.
But rEnAult is tAkingCA
D、FurthEr. it ClAims thE rACoon is thE worlD’s First vEhiClE to BE DEsignED within thE DigitisED worlD oF virtuAl rEAlity.ComplEx progrAms wErE usED to simulAtE thE vEhiClE AnD thE tErrAin thAt it wAs ExpECtED to Cross. this AllowED A tEAm lED By pAtriCk g. m. lE quémEnt , rEnAult’s inDustriAl-DEsign DirECtor, to "DrivE" it long BEForE A prototypE ExistE
D、
rEnAult is not AlonE in thinking thAt virtuAl rEAlity will trAnsForm AutomotivE DEsign. inDEtroit, ForD is Also invEstigAting its potEntiAl. jACk turnEr, thE Firm’s hEAD oF DEsign, woulD likE DEsignErs in DiFFErEnt pArts oF thE worlD to work morE ClosEly togEthEr, linkED By ComputErs. thEy woulD Do morE thAn stylE CArs. virtuAl rEAlity will Allow EnginEErs to pEEr insiDE thE working pArt oF A vEhiClE.DEsignErs will wAtCh BEAtings movE, oil Flow, gEArs mEsh AnD hyDrAuliCs pump.As thEsE tEChniquEs CAtCh on, EvEn strAngEr vEhiClEs ArE likEly to ComE Along.
trAnsForming thEsE CrEAtions From virtuAl rEAlity to ACtuAl rEAlity will Also BEComE EAsiEr, EspECiAlly with ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls. Firms thAt onCE BAshED EvErything out oF stEEl now FinD thAt nEw Alloys or CompositE mAtEriAls (whiCh CAn BE mADE From mixturEs oF plAstiC, rEsin, CErAmiCs AnD mEtAls, rEinForCED with FiBrEs suCh As glAss or CArBon) ArE ChAnging thE rulEs oF mAnuFACturing.At thE sAmE timE, olD mAtEriAls kEEp gEtting BEttEr, As thEir proDuCErs try to sECurE thEir plACE in thE FACtory oF thE FuturE.
AgAin, thE rACoon rEFlECts this rACE BEtwEEn thE olD AnD thE nEw. it usEs ConvEntionAl stEEl AnD whAt rEnAult DEsCriBEs As A nEw "high-limit ElAstiC stEEl" in its ChAssis. this stEEl is 30% lightEr thAn thE usuAl kin
D、thE rACoon Also hAs pArts mADE From C
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