【单选题】The discovery of freezing has changed our eating habits more than any other related invention. Because many foods contain large amounts of water, they freeze solidly at or just below 32 degrees Fahrenheit. When we lower the temperature to well below the freezing point and prevent air from penetrating the food, we retard the natural process of decay that causes food to spoil. Freezing preserves the flavor and nutrients of food better than any other preservation method. When properly prepared and packed, foods and vegetables can be stored in the freezer for one year.
Most vegetables and some fruits need blanching before they are frozen, and to avoid this step would be an expensive mistake. The result would be a product largely devoid of vitamins and minerals. Proper blanching curtails the enzyme action, which vegetables require during their growth and ripening but which continues after maturation and will lead to decay unless it is almost entirely stopped by blanching. This process is done in two ways, either by plunging vegetables in a large amount of rapidly boiling water for a few minutes or by steaming them. For steam blanching, it is important that timing begin when the water at the bottom of the pot is boiling. Different vegetables require different blanching times, and specified times for each vegetable must be observed. Under-blanching is like no blanching at all, and over-blanching, while stopping the enzyme action, will produce soggy, discolored vegetables.
1.Why does the author mention 32 degrees Fahrenheit?
A.To suggest the storage temperature for most foods
B.To identify the freezing point of water
C.To state the correct setting for a freezer
D.To give the temperature for blanching
2.Why does the author use the term expensive mistake in discussing blanching?
A.To state that blanching is expensive but very effective
B.To warn that not blanching will harm the food’s nutritional value
C.To emphasize the importance of blanching only a few items at a time
D.To show that many people waste food by blanching improperly
Most vegetables and some fruits need blanching before they are frozen, and to avoid this step would be an expensive mistake. The result would be a product largely devoid of vitamins and minerals. Proper blanching curtails the enzyme action, which vegetables require during their growth and ripening but which continues after maturation and will lead to decay unless it is almost entirely stopped by blanching. This process is done in two ways, either by plunging vegetables in a large amount of rapidly boiling water for a few minutes or by steaming them. For steam blanching, it is important that timing begin when the water at the bottom of the pot is boiling. Different vegetables require different blanching times, and specified times for each vegetable must be observed. Under-blanching is like no blanching at all, and over-blanching, while stopping the enzyme action, will produce soggy, discolored vegetables.
1.Why does the author mention 32 degrees Fahrenheit?
A.To suggest the storage temperature for most foods
B.To identify the freezing point of water
C.To state the correct setting for a freezer
D.To give the temperature for blanching
2.Why does the author use the term expensive mistake in discussing blanching?
A.To state that blanching is expensive but very effective
B.To warn that not blanching will harm the food’s nutritional value
C.To emphasize the importance of blanching only a few items at a time
D.To show that many people waste food by blanching improperly
【单选题】 BECAusE it is oFtEn DEpEnDEnt oF thE ConDitions oF CrystAllizAtion, thE Composition oF thE minErAls in A roCk CAn BE importAnt in DEtErmining thE roCk's gEologiC history.
【分析解答题】thE oxygEn oF thE AtmosphErE, (so) EssEntiAl to (mAny oF) Forms oF liFE, (rEprEsEnts) thE ACCumulAtED proDuCt oF ovEr 3,500,000,000 yEArs oF photosynthEsis (By) grEEn plAnts.
【单选题】rEADing 2 "pAlEolithiCArt"
→ thE sEvErAl millEnniA Following 30,000B、
C、sAw A powErFul outBurst oF ArtistiC CrEAtivity. thE Artworks proDuCED rAngE From simplE shEll nECklACEs to humAn AnD AnimAl Forms in ivory, ClAy, AnD stonE to monumEntAl pAintings, EngrAvings, AnD rEliEF sCulpturEs CovEring thE hugE wAll surFACEs oF CAvEs. From thE momEnt in 1879 thAt CAvE pAintings wErE DisCovErED AtAltAmirA, sCholArs hAvE wonDErED why thE huntEr-Artists oF thE olD stonEAgE DECiDED to CovEr thE wAlls oF DArk CAvErns with AnimAl imAgEs. vArious AnswErs hAvE BEEn givEn, inCluDing thAt thEy wErE mErE DECorAtion, But this thEory CAnnot ExplAin thE nArrow rAngE oF suBjECts or thE inACCEssiBility oF mAny oF thE pAintings. in FACt, thE rEmotEnEss AnD DiFFiCulty oF ACCEss oF mAny oF thE CAvE pAintings AnD thE FACt thEy AppEAr to hAvE BEEn usED For CEnturiEs ArE prECisEly whAt hAvE lED mAny sCholArs to suggEst thAt thE prEhistoriC huntErs AttriButED mAgiCAl propErtiEs to thE imAgEs thEy pAintE
D、ACCorDing to this ArgumEnt, By ConFining AnimAls to thE surFACEs oF thEir CAvE wAlls, thE Artists BEliEvED thEy wErE Bringing thE BEAsts unDEr thEir Control. somE hAvE EvEn hypothEsizED thAt rituAls or DAnCEs wErE pErFormED in Front oF thE imAgEs AnD thAt thEsE ritEs sErvED to improvE thE huntErs’ luCk. still othErs hAvE stAtED thAt thE pAintED AnimAls mAy hAvE sErvED As tEAChing tools to instruCt nEw huntErs ABout thE ChArACtEr oF thE vArious spECiEs thEy woulD EnCountEr or EvEn to sErvE As tArgEts For spEArs!
By ContrAst, somE sCholArs hAvE ArguED thAt thE mAgiCAl purposE oF thE pAintings wAs not to FACilitAtE thE DEstruCtion oF Bison AnD othEr spECiEs. instEAD, thEy BEliEvE prEhistoriC pAintErs CrEAtED AnimAl imAgEs to AssurE thE survivAl oF thE hErDs. pAlEolithiC pEoplEs DEpEnDED on For thEir FooD supply AnD For thEir Clothing.
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A、CEntrAl proBlEm For Both thE hunting-mAgiC AnD FooDCrEAtion thEoriEs is thAt thE AnimAls thAt sEEm to hAvE BEEn DiEt stAplEs oF olD stonEAgE pEoplEs ArE not thosE most FrEquEntly portrAyE
D、
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othEr sCholArs hAvE sought to rEConstruCt An ElABorAtE mythology BAsED on thE CAvE pAintings, suggEsting thAt pAlEolithiC humAns BEliEvED thEy hAD AnimAl AnCEstors. still othErs hAvE EquAtED CErtAin spECiEs with mEn AnD othErs with womEn AnD Also FounD sExuAl symBolism in thE ABstrACt signs thAt somEtimEs ACCompAny thE imAgEs.
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Almost All oF thEsE thEoriEs hAvE BEEn DisCrEDitED ovEr timE, AnD Art historiAns must ADmit thAt no onE knows thE intEnt oF thEsE pAintings.
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in FACt, A singlE ExplAnAtion For All pAlEolithiC murAls, EvEn pAintings similAr in suBjECt, stylE, AnD Composition (how thE motiFs ArE ArrAngED on thE surFACE), is unlikEly to Apply univErsAlly. For now, thE pAintings rEmAin An EnigmA、
→ thAt thE pAintings DiD hAvE mEAning to thE pAlEolithiC pEoplEs who mADE AnD oBsErvED thEm CAnnot, howEvEr, BE DouBtE
D、 in FACt, signs Consisting oF ChECks, Dots, squArEs, or othEr ArrAngEmEnts oF linEs oFtEn ACCompAny thE piCturEs oF AnimAls. sEvErAl oBsErvErs hAvE sEEn A primitivE writing Form in thEsE rEprEsEntAtions oF nonliving things, But thE signs, too, mAy hAvE hAD somE othEr signiFiCAnCE. somE look likE trAps AnD Arrows AnD, ACCorDing to thE hunting-mAgiC thEory, mAy hAvE BEEn DrAwn to insurE suCCEss in CApturing or killing AnimAls with thEsE DEviCEs.At pECh-mErlE in FrAnCE, thE "spottED horsEs" pAintED on thE CAvE wAll mAy not hAvE spots. somE sCholArs hAvE ArguED thAt thE "spots," whiCh AppEAr Both within AnD without thE horsEs’ outlinEs, ArE pAintED roCks thrown At thE AnimAls.
→ rEprEsEntAtions oF humAn hAnDs Also ArE Common. thosE ArounD thE pECh-mErlE horsEs, AnD thE mAjorit
→ thE sEvErAl millEnniA Following 30,000B、
C、sAw A powErFul outBurst oF ArtistiC CrEAtivity. thE Artworks proDuCED rAngE From simplE shEll nECklACEs to humAn AnD AnimAl Forms in ivory, ClAy, AnD stonE to monumEntAl pAintings, EngrAvings, AnD rEliEF sCulpturEs CovEring thE hugE wAll surFACEs oF CAvEs. From thE momEnt in 1879 thAt CAvE pAintings wErE DisCovErED AtAltAmirA, sCholArs hAvE wonDErED why thE huntEr-Artists oF thE olD stonEAgE DECiDED to CovEr thE wAlls oF DArk CAvErns with AnimAl imAgEs. vArious AnswErs hAvE BEEn givEn, inCluDing thAt thEy wErE mErE DECorAtion, But this thEory CAnnot ExplAin thE nArrow rAngE oF suBjECts or thE inACCEssiBility oF mAny oF thE pAintings. in FACt, thE rEmotEnEss AnD DiFFiCulty oF ACCEss oF mAny oF thE CAvE pAintings AnD thE FACt thEy AppEAr to hAvE BEEn usED For CEnturiEs ArE prECisEly whAt hAvE lED mAny sCholArs to suggEst thAt thE prEhistoriC huntErs AttriButED mAgiCAl propErtiEs to thE imAgEs thEy pAintE
D、ACCorDing to this ArgumEnt, By ConFining AnimAls to thE surFACEs oF thEir CAvE wAlls, thE Artists BEliEvED thEy wErE Bringing thE BEAsts unDEr thEir Control. somE hAvE EvEn hypothEsizED thAt rituAls or DAnCEs wErE pErFormED in Front oF thE imAgEs AnD thAt thEsE ritEs sErvED to improvE thE huntErs’ luCk. still othErs hAvE stAtED thAt thE pAintED AnimAls mAy hAvE sErvED As tEAChing tools to instruCt nEw huntErs ABout thE ChArACtEr oF thE vArious spECiEs thEy woulD EnCountEr or EvEn to sErvE As tArgEts For spEArs!
By ContrAst, somE sCholArs hAvE ArguED thAt thE mAgiCAl purposE oF thE pAintings wAs not to FACilitAtE thE DEstruCtion oF Bison AnD othEr spECiEs. instEAD, thEy BEliEvE prEhistoriC pAintErs CrEAtED AnimAl imAgEs to AssurE thE survivAl oF thE hErDs. pAlEolithiC pEoplEs DEpEnDED on For thEir FooD supply AnD For thEir Clothing.
D、
othEr sCholArs hAvE sought to rEConstruCt An ElABorAtE mythology BAsED on thE CAvE pAintings, suggEsting thAt pAlEolithiC humAns BEliEvED thEy hAD AnimAl AnCEstors. still othErs hAvE EquAtED CErtAin spECiEs with mEn AnD othErs with womEn AnD Also FounD sExuAl symBolism in thE ABstrACt signs thAt somEtimEs ACCompAny thE imAgEs.
→ thAt thE pAintings DiD hAvE mEAning to thE pAlEolithiC pEoplEs who mADE AnD oBsErvED thEm CAnnot, howEvEr, BE DouBtE
D、 in FACt, signs Consisting oF ChECks, Dots, squArEs, or othEr ArrAngEmEnts oF linEs oFtEn ACCompAny thE piCturEs oF AnimAls. sEvErAl oBsErvErs hAvE sEEn A primitivE writing Form in thEsE rEprEsEntAtions oF nonliving things, But thE signs, too, mAy hAvE hAD somE othEr signiFiCAnCE. somE look likE trAps AnD Arrows AnD, ACCorDing to thE hunting-mAgiC thEory, mAy hAvE BEEn DrAwn to insurE suCCEss in CApturing or killing AnimAls with thEsE DEviCEs.At pECh-mErlE in FrAnCE, thE "spottED horsEs" pAintED on thE CAvE wAll mAy not hAvE spots. somE sCholArs hAvE ArguED thAt thE "spots," whiCh AppEAr Both within AnD without thE horsEs’ outlinEs, ArE pAintED roCks thrown At thE AnimAls.
→ rEprEsEntAtions oF humAn hAnDs Also ArE Common. thosE ArounD thE pECh-mErlE horsEs, AnD thE mAjorit
【单选题】 The passage explains the origin of which of the following terms
A．( Glacier (line 5)
B．( Isotopes (line 11)
C．( Industrial Revolution (line 21)
D．( Carboniferous period (lines 26)
A．( Glacier (line 5)
B．( Isotopes (line 11)
C．( Industrial Revolution (line 21)
D．( Carboniferous period (lines 26)
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