【分析解答题】(thE wolF) wAs onCE thE (most wiDEly) DistriButED (kinD oF) mAmmAl (on) thE worlD.
【单选题】 The novelist John Dos Passes developed a style of fiction incorporating several documentary devices ______ to his works.
A．( lent realism
B．( that lending realism
C．( to lend realism
D．( of whose realism lent
A．( lent realism
B．( that lending realism
C．( to lend realism
D．( of whose realism lent
【单选题】 What does the passage mainly discuss
A．( The differences between government and newspaper weather forecasting in the United States
B．( The history of publishing weather maps in United States newspapers
C．( A comparison of regional and national weather reporting in the United States
D．( Information that forms the basis for weather forecasting in the United States
A．( The differences between government and newspaper weather forecasting in the United States
B．( The history of publishing weather maps in United States newspapers
C．( A comparison of regional and national weather reporting in the United States
D．( Information that forms the basis for weather forecasting in the United States
【单选题】listEning 6 "historyClAss"
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whAt is thE lECturE mAinly ABout
A、provisions oF thE homEstEADACt
B、how to ConstruCt A log CABin
C、FrontiEr homEs in thE wEst
D、EArly ConstruCtion mAtEriAls
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A、provisions oF thE homEstEADACt
B、how to ConstruCt A log CABin
C、FrontiEr homEs in thE wEst
D、EArly ConstruCtion mAtEriAls
【单选题】rEADing 3 "groupDECision mAking"
ADvAntAgEs oF groupDECision mAking
→CommittEEs, tAsk ForCEs, AnD AD hoC groups ArE FrEquEntly AssignED to iDEntiFy AnD rECommEnD DECision AltErnAtivEs or, in somE CAsEs, to ACtuAlly mAkE importAnt DECisions. in EssEnCE, A group is A tool thAt CAn FoCus thE ExpEriEnCE AnD ExpErtisE oF sEvErAl pEoplE on A pArtiCulAr proBlEm or situAtion. thus, A group oFFErs thE ADvAntAgE oF grEAtEr totAl knowlEDgE. groups ACCumulAtE morE inFormAtion, knowlEDgE, AnD FACts thAn inDiviDuAls AnD oFtEn ConsiDEr morE AltErnAtivEs.EACh pErson in thE group is ABlE to DrAw on his or hEr uniquE EDuCAtion, ExpEriEnCE, insights, AnD othEr rEsourCEs AnD ContriButE thosE to thE group. thE vAriED BACkgrounDs, trAining lEvEls, AnD ExpErtisE oF group mEmBErs Also hElp ovErComE tunnEl vision By EnABling thE group to viEw thE proBlEm in morE thAn onE wAy.
→ pArtiCipAtion in group DECision mAking usuAlly lEADs to highEr mEmBEr sAtisFACtion. pEoplE tEnD to ACCEpt A DECision morE rEADily AnD to BE BEttEr sAtisFiED with it whEn thEy hAvE pArtiCipAtED in mAking thAt DECision. in ADDition, pEoplE will BEttEr unDErstAnD AnD BE morE CommittED to A DECision in whiCh thEy hAvE hAD A sAy thAn to A DECision mADE For thEm.As A rEsult, suCh A DECision is morE likEly to BE implEmEntED suCCEssFully.
DisADvAntAgEs oF groupDECision mAking
→ whilE groups hAvE mAny potEntiAl BEnEFits, wE All know thAt thEy CAn Also BE FrustrAting.
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onE oBvious DisADvAntAgE oF group DECision mAking is thE timErEquirED to mAkE A DECision.
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thE timE nEEDED For group DisCussion AnD thE AssoCiAtED Compromising AnD sElECting oF A DECision AltErnAtivE CAn BE ConsiDErABlE.
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timE Costs monEy, so A wAstE oF timE BEComEs A DisADvAntAgE iF A DECision mADE By A group CoulD hAvE BEEn mADE just As EFFECtivEly By An inDiviDuAl working AlonE.
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ConsEquEntly, group DECisions shoulD BE AvoiDED whEn spEED AnD EFFiCiEnCy ArE thE primAry ConsiDErAtions.
A、sEConD DisADvAntAgE is thAt thE group DisCussion mAy BE DominAtED By An inDiviDuAl or suBgroup.EFFECtivEnEss CAn BE rEDuCED iF onE inDiviDuAl, suCh As thE group lEADEr, DominAtEs thE DisCussion By tAlking too muCh or BEing ClosED to othEr points oF viEw. somE group lEADErs try to Control thE group AnD proviDE thE mAjor input. suCh DominAnCE CAn stiFlE othEr group mEmBErs’ willingnEss to pArtiCipAtE AnD CoulD CAusE DECision AltErnAtivEs to BE ignorED or ovErlookED、All group mEmBErs nEED to BE EnCourAgED AnD pErmittED to ContriButE.
→AnothEr DisADvAntAgE oF group DECision mAking is thAt mEmBErs mAy BE lEss ConCErnED with thE group’s goAls thAn with thEir own pErsonAl goAls. thEy mAy BEComE so siDEtrACkED in trying to win An ArgumEnt thAt thEy ForgEt ABout group pErFormAnCE. on thE othEr hAnD, A group mAy try too hArD to CompromisE AnD ConsEquEntly mAy not mAkE optimAl DECisions. somEtimEs this stEms From thE DEsirE to mAintAin FriEnDships AnD AvoiD DisAgrEEmEnts. oFtEn groups ExErt trEmEnDous soCiAl prEssurE on inDiviDuAls to ConForm to EstABlishED or ExpECtED pAttErns ot BEhAvior.EspECiAlly whEn thEy ArE DEAling with importAnt AnD ControvErsiAl issuEs, intErACting groups mAy BE pronE to A phEnomEnon CAllED groupthink.
→ groupthink is An AgrEEmEnt-At-Any-Cost mEntAlity thAt rEsults in inEFFECtivE group DECision mAking. it oCCurs whEn groups ArE highly CohEsivE, hAvE highly DirECtivE lEADErs, ArE insulAtED so thEy hAvE no ClEAr wAys to gEt oBjECtivE inFormAtion, AnD—BECAusE thEy lACk outsiDE inFormAtion—hAvE littlE hopE thAt A BEttEr solution might BE FounD thAn thE onE proposED By thE lEADEr or othEr inFluEntiAl group mEmBErs. thEsE ConDitions Fo
ADvAntAgEs oF groupDECision mAking
→CommittEEs, tAsk ForCEs, AnD AD hoC groups ArE FrEquEntly AssignED to iDEntiFy AnD rECommEnD DECision AltErnAtivEs or, in somE CAsEs, to ACtuAlly mAkE importAnt DECisions. in EssEnCE, A group is A tool thAt CAn FoCus thE ExpEriEnCE AnD ExpErtisE oF sEvErAl pEoplE on A pArtiCulAr proBlEm or situAtion. thus, A group oFFErs thE ADvAntAgE oF grEAtEr totAl knowlEDgE. groups ACCumulAtE morE inFormAtion, knowlEDgE, AnD FACts thAn inDiviDuAls AnD oFtEn ConsiDEr morE AltErnAtivEs.EACh pErson in thE group is ABlE to DrAw on his or hEr uniquE EDuCAtion, ExpEriEnCE, insights, AnD othEr rEsourCEs AnD ContriButE thosE to thE group. thE vAriED BACkgrounDs, trAining lEvEls, AnD ExpErtisE oF group mEmBErs Also hElp ovErComE tunnEl vision By EnABling thE group to viEw thE proBlEm in morE thAn onE wAy.
→ pArtiCipAtion in group DECision mAking usuAlly lEADs to highEr mEmBEr sAtisFACtion. pEoplE tEnD to ACCEpt A DECision morE rEADily AnD to BE BEttEr sAtisFiED with it whEn thEy hAvE pArtiCipAtED in mAking thAt DECision. in ADDition, pEoplE will BEttEr unDErstAnD AnD BE morE CommittED to A DECision in whiCh thEy hAvE hAD A sAy thAn to A DECision mADE For thEm.As A rEsult, suCh A DECision is morE likEly to BE implEmEntED suCCEssFully.
DisADvAntAgEs oF groupDECision mAking
→ whilE groups hAvE mAny potEntiAl BEnEFits, wE All know thAt thEy CAn Also BE FrustrAting.
A、sEConD DisADvAntAgE is thAt thE group DisCussion mAy BE DominAtED By An inDiviDuAl or suBgroup.EFFECtivEnEss CAn BE rEDuCED iF onE inDiviDuAl, suCh As thE group lEADEr, DominAtEs thE DisCussion By tAlking too muCh or BEing ClosED to othEr points oF viEw. somE group lEADErs try to Control thE group AnD proviDE thE mAjor input. suCh DominAnCE CAn stiFlE othEr group mEmBErs’ willingnEss to pArtiCipAtE AnD CoulD CAusE DECision AltErnAtivEs to BE ignorED or ovErlookED、All group mEmBErs nEED to BE EnCourAgED AnD pErmittED to ContriButE.
→AnothEr DisADvAntAgE oF group DECision mAking is thAt mEmBErs mAy BE lEss ConCErnED with thE group’s goAls thAn with thEir own pErsonAl goAls. thEy mAy BEComE so siDEtrACkED in trying to win An ArgumEnt thAt thEy ForgEt ABout group pErFormAnCE. on thE othEr hAnD, A group mAy try too hArD to CompromisE AnD ConsEquEntly mAy not mAkE optimAl DECisions. somEtimEs this stEms From thE DEsirE to mAintAin FriEnDships AnD AvoiD DisAgrEEmEnts. oFtEn groups ExErt trEmEnDous soCiAl prEssurE on inDiviDuAls to ConForm to EstABlishED or ExpECtED pAttErns ot BEhAvior.EspECiAlly whEn thEy ArE DEAling with importAnt AnD ControvErsiAl issuEs, intErACting groups mAy BE pronE to A phEnomEnon CAllED groupthink.
→ groupthink is An AgrEEmEnt-At-Any-Cost mEntAlity thAt rEsults in inEFFECtivE group DECision mAking. it oCCurs whEn groups ArE highly CohEsivE, hAvE highly DirECtivE lEADErs, ArE insulAtED so thEy hAvE no ClEAr wAys to gEt oBjECtivE inFormAtion, AnD—BECAusE thEy lACk outsiDE inFormAtion—hAvE littlE hopE thAt A BEttEr solution might BE FounD thAn thE onE proposED By thE lEADEr or othEr inFluEntiAl group mEmBErs. thEsE ConDitions Fo
【单选题】nEw-AgE trAnsport
it looks As iF it CAmE strAight From thE sEt oF stAr wArs. it hAs Four-whEEl DrivE AnD risEs ABovE roCky surFACEs. it lowErs AnD rAisEs its nosE whEn going up AnD Down hills.AnD whEn it ComEs to A rivEr, it turns AmphiBious: two hyDrojEt powEr it Along By BlAsting wAtEr unDEr its BoDy. thErE is room For two pAssEngErs AnD A DrivEr, who sit insiDE A glAss BuBBlE opErAting ElECtroniC, AirCrAFt-typE Controls.A、vEhiClE so DAring on lAnD AnD wAtEr nEEDs winDsCrEEn wipErs--But it DoEsn’t hAvE Any. wAtEr molECulEs ArE DisintEgrAtED on thE sCrEEn’s surFACE By ultrAsoniC sEnsors.
this unusuAl vEhiClE is thE rACoon. it is An invEntion not oF hollywooD But oF rEnAult, A rAthEr ConsErvAtivE FrEnCh stAtE-ownED CAr-mAkEr, BEttEr known For its FAmily hAtChBACks. rEnAult Built thE rACoon to ExplorE nEw FrEEDoms For DEsignErs AnD EnginEErs CrEAtED By ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls AnD mAnuFACturing proCEssEs. rEnAult is thinking ABout stArtlingly DiFFErEnt CArs; othEr proDuCErs hAvE rADiCAl nEw iDEAs For trAins, BoAts AnD AEroplAnEs.
thE First oF thE nEw FrEEDoms is in DEsign. powErFul ComputEr-AiDED DEsignCAD、systEms CAn rEplACE with A CliCk oF A ComputEr mousE hours oF lABorious work DonE on thousAnDs oF DrAwing BoArDs. so nEw proDuCts, no mAttEr how CompliCAtED, CAn BE DEvElopED muCh FAstEr. For thE First timE,BoEing will not hAvE to BuilD A giAnt rEpliCA oF its nEw AirlinEr, thE 777, to mAkE surE All thE Bits Fit togEthEr. itsCA
D、systEm will tAkE CArE oF thAt.
But rEnAult is tAkingCA
D、FurthEr. it ClAims thE rACoon is thE worlD’s First vEhiClE to BE DEsignED within thE DigitisED worlD oF virtuAl rEAlity.ComplEx progrAms wErE usED to simulAtE thE vEhiClE AnD thE tErrAin thAt it wAs ExpECtED to Cross. this AllowED A tEAm lED By pAtriCk g. m. lE quémEnt , rEnAult’s inDustriAl-DEsign DirECtor, to "DrivE" it long BEForE A prototypE ExistE
D、
rEnAult is not AlonE in thinking thAt virtuAl rEAlity will trAnsForm AutomotivE DEsign. inDEtroit, ForD is Also invEstigAting its potEntiAl. jACk turnEr, thE Firm’s hEAD oF DEsign, woulD likE DEsignErs in DiFFErEnt pArts oF thE worlD to work morE ClosEly togEthEr, linkED By ComputErs. thEy woulD Do morE thAn stylE CArs. virtuAl rEAlity will Allow EnginEErs to pEEr insiDE thE working pArt oF A vEhiClE.DEsignErs will wAtCh BEAtings movE, oil Flow, gEArs mEsh AnD hyDrAuliCs pump.As thEsE tEChniquEs CAtCh on, EvEn strAngEr vEhiClEs ArE likEly to ComE Along.
trAnsForming thEsE CrEAtions From virtuAl rEAlity to ACtuAl rEAlity will Also BEComE EAsiEr, EspECiAlly with ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls. Firms thAt onCE BAshED EvErything out oF stEEl now FinD thAt nEw Alloys or CompositE mAtEriAls (whiCh CAn BE mADE From mixturEs oF plAstiC, rEsin, CErAmiCs AnD mEtAls, rEinForCED with FiBrEs suCh As glAss or CArBon) ArE ChAnging thE rulEs oF mAnuFACturing.At thE sAmE timE, olD mAtEriAls kEEp gEtting BEttEr, As thEir proDuCErs try to sECurE thEir plACE in thE FACtory oF thE FuturE.
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this CompEtition is inCrEAsing thE pACE oF DEvElopmEnt oF All mAtEriAls.
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onE CompAny in this FiElD is sCAlEDCompositEs.
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it wAs stArtED in 1982 ByBurr rutAn, An AviAtor who hAs DEvisED mAny unusuAl AirCrAFt.
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it hAs Also workED on CompositE sAils For thEAmEriCA’sCup yACht rACE AnD on gEnErAl motors’ ultrAlitE, A 100-milEs pEr-gAllon ExpErimEntAl FAmily CAr Built From CArBon FiBrE.
AgAin, thE rACoon rEFlECts this rACE BEtwEEn thE olD AnD thE nEw. it usEs ConvEntionAl stEEl AnD whAt rEnAult DEsCriBEs As A nEw "high-limit ElAstiC stEEl" in its ChAssis. this stEEl is 30% lightEr thAn thE usuAl kin
D、thE rACoon Also hAs pArts mADE From C
it looks As iF it CAmE strAight From thE sEt oF stAr wArs. it hAs Four-whEEl DrivE AnD risEs ABovE roCky surFACEs. it lowErs AnD rAisEs its nosE whEn going up AnD Down hills.AnD whEn it ComEs to A rivEr, it turns AmphiBious: two hyDrojEt powEr it Along By BlAsting wAtEr unDEr its BoDy. thErE is room For two pAssEngErs AnD A DrivEr, who sit insiDE A glAss BuBBlE opErAting ElECtroniC, AirCrAFt-typE Controls.A、vEhiClE so DAring on lAnD AnD wAtEr nEEDs winDsCrEEn wipErs--But it DoEsn’t hAvE Any. wAtEr molECulEs ArE DisintEgrAtED on thE sCrEEn’s surFACE By ultrAsoniC sEnsors.
this unusuAl vEhiClE is thE rACoon. it is An invEntion not oF hollywooD But oF rEnAult, A rAthEr ConsErvAtivE FrEnCh stAtE-ownED CAr-mAkEr, BEttEr known For its FAmily hAtChBACks. rEnAult Built thE rACoon to ExplorE nEw FrEEDoms For DEsignErs AnD EnginEErs CrEAtED By ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls AnD mAnuFACturing proCEssEs. rEnAult is thinking ABout stArtlingly DiFFErEnt CArs; othEr proDuCErs hAvE rADiCAl nEw iDEAs For trAins, BoAts AnD AEroplAnEs.
thE First oF thE nEw FrEEDoms is in DEsign. powErFul ComputEr-AiDED DEsignCAD、systEms CAn rEplACE with A CliCk oF A ComputEr mousE hours oF lABorious work DonE on thousAnDs oF DrAwing BoArDs. so nEw proDuCts, no mAttEr how CompliCAtED, CAn BE DEvElopED muCh FAstEr. For thE First timE,BoEing will not hAvE to BuilD A giAnt rEpliCA oF its nEw AirlinEr, thE 777, to mAkE surE All thE Bits Fit togEthEr. itsCA
D、systEm will tAkE CArE oF thAt.
But rEnAult is tAkingCA
D、FurthEr. it ClAims thE rACoon is thE worlD’s First vEhiClE to BE DEsignED within thE DigitisED worlD oF virtuAl rEAlity.ComplEx progrAms wErE usED to simulAtE thE vEhiClE AnD thE tErrAin thAt it wAs ExpECtED to Cross. this AllowED A tEAm lED By pAtriCk g. m. lE quémEnt , rEnAult’s inDustriAl-DEsign DirECtor, to "DrivE" it long BEForE A prototypE ExistE
D、
rEnAult is not AlonE in thinking thAt virtuAl rEAlity will trAnsForm AutomotivE DEsign. inDEtroit, ForD is Also invEstigAting its potEntiAl. jACk turnEr, thE Firm’s hEAD oF DEsign, woulD likE DEsignErs in DiFFErEnt pArts oF thE worlD to work morE ClosEly togEthEr, linkED By ComputErs. thEy woulD Do morE thAn stylE CArs. virtuAl rEAlity will Allow EnginEErs to pEEr insiDE thE working pArt oF A vEhiClE.DEsignErs will wAtCh BEAtings movE, oil Flow, gEArs mEsh AnD hyDrAuliCs pump.As thEsE tEChniquEs CAtCh on, EvEn strAngEr vEhiClEs ArE likEly to ComE Along.
trAnsForming thEsE CrEAtions From virtuAl rEAlity to ACtuAl rEAlity will Also BEComE EAsiEr, EspECiAlly with ADvAnCEs in mAtEriAls. Firms thAt onCE BAshED EvErything out oF stEEl now FinD thAt nEw Alloys or CompositE mAtEriAls (whiCh CAn BE mADE From mixturEs oF plAstiC, rEsin, CErAmiCs AnD mEtAls, rEinForCED with FiBrEs suCh As glAss or CArBon) ArE ChAnging thE rulEs oF mAnuFACturing.At thE sAmE timE, olD mAtEriAls kEEp gEtting BEttEr, As thEir proDuCErs try to sECurE thEir plACE in thE FACtory oF thE FuturE.
AgAin, thE rACoon rEFlECts this rACE BEtwEEn thE olD AnD thE nEw. it usEs ConvEntionAl stEEl AnD whAt rEnAult DEsCriBEs As A nEw "high-limit ElAstiC stEEl" in its ChAssis. this stEEl is 30% lightEr thAn thE usuAl kin
D、thE rACoon Also hAs pArts mADE From C
【多选题】gADgEts with A sportingChAnCE
ConsumEr ElECtroniCs: nEw sports EquipmEnt, From tEnnis rACkEts to running shoEs, usEs proCEssing powEr to EnhAnCE pErFormAnCE. is thAt FAir why shoulD Aspiring AthlEtEs stAnD on thE siDElinEs whEn A spot oF ElECtroniC AssistAnCE CAn put thEm in thE miDDlE oF thE gAmE thAt is thE quEstion mAny sports-EquipmEnt mAkErs ArE Asking As thEy sEnsE An opportunity to Boost thEir sAlEs with high-tECh proDuCts. you CoulD CAll it thE rEvEngE oF thE nErDs: A nEw wAvE oF miCroChip-EquippED sporting gooDs promisEs to EnhAnCE thE pErFormAnCE oF noviCEs AnD non-sporting typEs AlikE--AnD CoulD EvEn mAkE DiFFiCult sports EAsiEr.
tAkE Cross-Country skiing. viCtor pEtrEnko, An EnginEEr AtDArtmouthCollEgE’s iCE rEsEArCh lAB in nEw hAmpshirE, hAs invEntED somE smArt ski-BrAkEs thAt, hE BEliEvEs, will inCrEAsE thE populArity oF Cross-Country skiing By mAking thE sport lEss ChAllEnging For BEginnErs. thE BrAkEs, CurrEntly BEing tEstED By A ski mAnuFACturEr in thEAlps, oFFEr thE nECEssAry FriCtion For A BiggEr "kiCk-oFF ForCE" AnD mAkE thE skis lEss likEly to sliDE BACkwArDs in thEir trACks. to mAkE this hAppEn, An ElECtriC CurrEnt From thE Bottom oF thE skis pulsEs through thE iCE, mElting A thin lAyEr oF snow thAt instAntly rEFrEEzEs AnD ACts As A sort oF gluE.
this is not thE only Form oF smArt ski to hit thE slopEs.AtomiC, A lEADing ski-mAkEr BAsED inAustriA, plAns to introDuCE A systEm lAtEr this yEAr thAt runs A DiAgnostiC sAFEty ChECk to EnsurE thAt thE ski BinDing is propErly ClosED, with thE rEsult BEing shown on A tiny Built-in liquiD-CrystAl DisplAy. mEAnwhilE, tEnnis EquipmEnt mAnuFACturErs ArE hoping thAt innovAtion will Bring nEw zip to thEir BusinEss As wEll. thEy CErtAinly nEED to Do somEthing: ACCorDing to sportsCAnlnFo, A mArkEt-rEsEArCh Firm BAsED in FloriDA, sAlEs oF tEnnis rACkEts inAmEriCA FEll 12.5% During thE First hAlF oF 2004 CompArED with thE First hAlF oF 2003.
with thE BAll ClEArly in thEir Court, rEsEArChErs At hEAD, A mAkEr oF sporting EquipmEnt, hAvE DEvisED A proDuCt thAt shoulD AppEAl to plAyErs suFFEring From tEnnis ElBow.A、Chip insiDE thE rACkEt Controls piEzo-ElECtriC FiBrEs, whiCh ConvErt mEChAniCAl EnErgy From thE BAll’s impACt into ElECtriCAl potEntiAl EnErgy. this EnErgy is thEn usED to gEnErAtE A CountEr-ForCE in thE piEzo-ElECtriC FiBrEs thAt CAusEs A DAmpEning EFFECt.All oF this, thE Firm sAys, trAnslAtEs into lEss strEss on thE ElBow. hEAD ClAims thAt rEsiDuAl viBrAtions in thE rACkEt ArE DAmpEnED twiCE As FAst As in ConvEntionAl rACkEts, rEDuCing thE shoCk ExpEriEnCED By thE plAyEr’s Arm By morE thAn 50%.
no DouBt purists will oBjECt thAt this is simply not CriCkEt. rulE-mAkErs in mAny sports ArE now BEing ForCED to ConsiDEr thE impliCAtions oF EquipmEnt thAt promisEs to AugmEnt AthlEtEs’ pErFormAnCE with ElECtroniC musClE. thE intErnAtionAl tEnnis FEDErAtion, thAt BoDy is rEsponsiBlE For sEtting thE rulEs oF thE gAmE, hAs spECiFiED in its most rECEnt guiDElinEs thAt "no EnErgy sourCE thAt in Any wAy ChAngEs or AFFECts thE plAying ChArACtEristiCs oF A rACkEt mAy BE Built into or AttAChED to A rACkEt".
yEt DEspitE suCh worDing, thE guiDElinE DoEs not ACtuAlly EliminAtE thE usE oF hEAD’s smArt rACkEts, BECAusE thErE is no ExtErnAl EnErgy sourCE--thE DAmping EFFECt rEliEs solEly on EnErgy From thE BAll’s impACt. though high-tECh EquipmEnt mAy CAusE ControvErsy on thE Court, tEnnis CluBs hAvE to ADhErE to thE guiDElinEs sEt For thE sport, ExplAins stuArt millEr, thE itF’s tEChniCAl mAnAgEr.AnD iF thE rulEs Allow sElF-gEnErAtED ForCEs to moDiFy A rACkEt’s rEsponsE, so BE it.
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DiFFErEnt sports hAvE EnCountErED DiFFErEnt tEChnologiEs, though thE FuturE will unDouBtEDly Bring morE ovErlAp.
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in golF, gADgEts thAt pinpoint thE loCAtion oF thE g
ConsumEr ElECtroniCs: nEw sports EquipmEnt, From tEnnis rACkEts to running shoEs, usEs proCEssing powEr to EnhAnCE pErFormAnCE. is thAt FAir why shoulD Aspiring AthlEtEs stAnD on thE siDElinEs whEn A spot oF ElECtroniC AssistAnCE CAn put thEm in thE miDDlE oF thE gAmE thAt is thE quEstion mAny sports-EquipmEnt mAkErs ArE Asking As thEy sEnsE An opportunity to Boost thEir sAlEs with high-tECh proDuCts. you CoulD CAll it thE rEvEngE oF thE nErDs: A nEw wAvE oF miCroChip-EquippED sporting gooDs promisEs to EnhAnCE thE pErFormAnCE oF noviCEs AnD non-sporting typEs AlikE--AnD CoulD EvEn mAkE DiFFiCult sports EAsiEr.
tAkE Cross-Country skiing. viCtor pEtrEnko, An EnginEEr AtDArtmouthCollEgE’s iCE rEsEArCh lAB in nEw hAmpshirE, hAs invEntED somE smArt ski-BrAkEs thAt, hE BEliEvEs, will inCrEAsE thE populArity oF Cross-Country skiing By mAking thE sport lEss ChAllEnging For BEginnErs. thE BrAkEs, CurrEntly BEing tEstED By A ski mAnuFACturEr in thEAlps, oFFEr thE nECEssAry FriCtion For A BiggEr "kiCk-oFF ForCE" AnD mAkE thE skis lEss likEly to sliDE BACkwArDs in thEir trACks. to mAkE this hAppEn, An ElECtriC CurrEnt From thE Bottom oF thE skis pulsEs through thE iCE, mElting A thin lAyEr oF snow thAt instAntly rEFrEEzEs AnD ACts As A sort oF gluE.
this is not thE only Form oF smArt ski to hit thE slopEs.AtomiC, A lEADing ski-mAkEr BAsED inAustriA, plAns to introDuCE A systEm lAtEr this yEAr thAt runs A DiAgnostiC sAFEty ChECk to EnsurE thAt thE ski BinDing is propErly ClosED, with thE rEsult BEing shown on A tiny Built-in liquiD-CrystAl DisplAy. mEAnwhilE, tEnnis EquipmEnt mAnuFACturErs ArE hoping thAt innovAtion will Bring nEw zip to thEir BusinEss As wEll. thEy CErtAinly nEED to Do somEthing: ACCorDing to sportsCAnlnFo, A mArkEt-rEsEArCh Firm BAsED in FloriDA, sAlEs oF tEnnis rACkEts inAmEriCA FEll 12.5% During thE First hAlF oF 2004 CompArED with thE First hAlF oF 2003.
with thE BAll ClEArly in thEir Court, rEsEArChErs At hEAD, A mAkEr oF sporting EquipmEnt, hAvE DEvisED A proDuCt thAt shoulD AppEAl to plAyErs suFFEring From tEnnis ElBow.A、Chip insiDE thE rACkEt Controls piEzo-ElECtriC FiBrEs, whiCh ConvErt mEChAniCAl EnErgy From thE BAll’s impACt into ElECtriCAl potEntiAl EnErgy. this EnErgy is thEn usED to gEnErAtE A CountEr-ForCE in thE piEzo-ElECtriC FiBrEs thAt CAusEs A DAmpEning EFFECt.All oF this, thE Firm sAys, trAnslAtEs into lEss strEss on thE ElBow. hEAD ClAims thAt rEsiDuAl viBrAtions in thE rACkEt ArE DAmpEnED twiCE As FAst As in ConvEntionAl rACkEts, rEDuCing thE shoCk ExpEriEnCED By thE plAyEr’s Arm By morE thAn 50%.
no DouBt purists will oBjECt thAt this is simply not CriCkEt. rulE-mAkErs in mAny sports ArE now BEing ForCED to ConsiDEr thE impliCAtions oF EquipmEnt thAt promisEs to AugmEnt AthlEtEs’ pErFormAnCE with ElECtroniC musClE. thE intErnAtionAl tEnnis FEDErAtion, thAt BoDy is rEsponsiBlE For sEtting thE rulEs oF thE gAmE, hAs spECiFiED in its most rECEnt guiDElinEs thAt "no EnErgy sourCE thAt in Any wAy ChAngEs or AFFECts thE plAying ChArACtEristiCs oF A rACkEt mAy BE Built into or AttAChED to A rACkEt".
yEt DEspitE suCh worDing, thE guiDElinE DoEs not ACtuAlly EliminAtE thE usE oF hEAD’s smArt rACkEts, BECAusE thErE is no ExtErnAl EnErgy sourCE--thE DAmping EFFECt rEliEs solEly on EnErgy From thE BAll’s impACt. though high-tECh EquipmEnt mAy CAusE ControvErsy on thE Court, tEnnis CluBs hAvE to ADhErE to thE guiDElinEs sEt For thE sport, ExplAins stuArt millEr, thE itF’s tEChniCAl mAnAgEr.AnD iF thE rulEs Allow sElF-gEnErAtED ForCEs to moDiFy A rACkEt’s rEsponsE, so BE it.
【单选题】 The passage focuses on comets primarily in terms of their
A．( orbital patterns
B．( coma and tails
C．( brightness
D．( size
A．( orbital patterns
B．( coma and tails
C．( brightness
D．( size
【单选题】 The word "grumbled" in line 16 is closest in meaning to
A．( denied
B．( warned
C．( complained
D．( explained
A．( denied
B．( warned
C．( complained
D．( explained
【单选题】 The shell (of) the abalone, a marine snail, (is especially suited) by its hardness and (various) of colors (for) the manufacture of jewelry.
A．of
B．is especially suited
C．various
D．for
A．of
B．is especially suited
C．various
D．for
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