【单选题】looking At thEAtrE history
onE oF thE primAry wAys oF ApproAChing thE grEEk thEAtrE is through ArChEology, thE systEmAtiC stuDy oF mAtEriAl rEmAins suCh As ArChitECturE, insCriptions, sCulpturE, vAsE pAinting, AnD othEr Forms oF DECorAtivE Art.
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sErious on-sitE ExCAvAtions BEgAn in grEECE ArounD 1870, But w.D6rpFElD DiD not BEgin thE First ExtEnsivE stuDy oF thE thEAtrE oFDionysus until 1886.
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sinCE thAt timE, morE thAn 167 othEr grEEk thEAtrEs hAvE BEEn iDEntiFiED AnD mAny oF thEm hAvE BEEn ExCAvAtED、
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nEvErthElEss, thEy still Do not pErmit us to DEsCriBE thE prECisE AppEArAnCE oF thE skEnE (illustrAtions printED in Books ArE ConjECturAl rEConstruCtions), sinCE mAny piECEs ArE irrEvoCABly lost BECAusE thE BuilDings in lAtEr pErioDs BECAmE sourCEs oF stonE For othEr projECts AnD whAt rEmAins is usuAlly BrokEn AnD sCAttErED、
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thAt most oF thE BuilDings wErE rEmoDElED mAny timEs hAs CrEAtED grEAt proBlEms For thosE sEEking to DAtE Both thE pArts AnD thE suCCEssivE vErsions.DEspitE thEsE DrAwBACks, ArChEology proviDEs thE most ConCrEtE EviDEnCE wE hAvE ABout thE thEAtrE struCturEs oF AnCiEnt grEECE.But, iF thEy hAvE tolD us muCh, ArChEologists hAvE not ComplEtED thEir work, AnD mAny sitEs hAvE sCArCEly BEEn touChED、
pErhAps thE most ControvErsiAl usE oF ArChEologiCAl EviDEnCE in thEAtrE history is vAsE pAintings, thousAnDs oF whiCh hAvE survivED From AnCiEnt grEECE. (most oF thosE usED By thEAtrE sCholArs ArE rEproDuCED in mArgArEtEBiEBEr’s "thE history oF thE grEEk AnD romAn thEAtrE". )DEpiCting sCEnEs From mythology AnD DAily liFE, thE vAsEs ArE thE most grAphiC piCtoriAl EviDEnCE wE hAvE, But thEy ArE Also EAsy to misintErprEt. somE sCholArs hAvE ConsiDErED Any vAsE thAt DEpiCts A suBjECt trEAtED in A surviving DrAmA or Any sCEnE showing mAsks, FlutE plAyErs, or CErEmoniAls to BE vAliD EviDEnCE oF thEAtriCAl prACtiCE. this is A highly quEstionABlE Assumption, sinCE thE grEEks mADE wiDEsprEAD usE oF mAsks, DAnCEs, AnD musiC outsiDE thE thEAtrE AnD sinCE thE myths on whiCh DrAmAtists DrEw wErE known to EvEryonE, inCluDing vAsE pAintErs, who might wEll DEpiCt thE sAmE suBjECts As DrAmAtists without BEing inDEBtED to thEm. thosE vAsEs showing sCEnEs unquEstionABly thEAtriCAl ArE FEw in numBEr.
writtEn EviDEnCE ABout AnCiEnt grEEk thEAtrE is oFtEn trEAtED As lEss rEliABlE thAn ArChEologiCAl EviDEnCE BECAusE most writtEn ACCounts ArE sEpArAtED so FAr in timE From thE EvEnts thEy DEsCriBE AnD BECAusE thEy proviDE no inFormAtion ABout thEir own sourCEs. oF thE writtEn EviDEnCE, thE surviving plAys ArE usuAlly trEAtED As thE most rEliABlE.But thE olDEst surviving mAnusCripts oF grEEk plAys DAtE From ArounD thE tEnth CEntury,C、E、, somE 1500 yEArs AFtEr thEy wErE First pErFormED、sinCE printing DiD not Exist During this timE spAn, CopiEs oF plAys hAD to BE mADE By hAnD, AnD thErEForE thE possiBility oF tExtuAl Errors CrEEping in wAs mAgniFiED、nEvErthElEss, thE sCripts oFFEr us our rEADiEst ACCEss to thE CulturAl AnD thEAtriCAl ConDitions out oF whiCh thEy CAmE.But thEsE sCripts, likE othEr kinDs oF EviDEnCE, ArE suBjECt to vArying intErprEtAtions.CErtAinly pErFormAnCEs EmBoDiED A mAlE pErspECtivE, For ExAmplE, sinCE thE plAys wErE writtEn, sElECtED, stAgED, AnD ACtED By mEn. yEt thE Existing plAys FEAturE numErous ChorusEs oF womEn AnD mAny FEAturE strong FEmAlE ChArACtErs.BECAusE thEsE ChArACtErs oFtEn sEEm viCtims oF thEir own powErlEssnEss AnD AppEAr to BE govErnED, EspECiAlly in thE ComEDiEs, By sExuAl DEsirE, somE CritiCs hAvE sEEn thEsE plAys As rAtionAlizAtions By thE mAlE-DominAtED CulturE For kEEping womEn sEgrEgAtED AnD CloistErED、othEr CritiCs, ho
onE oF thE primAry wAys oF ApproAChing thE grEEk thEAtrE is through ArChEology, thE systEmAtiC stuDy oF mAtEriAl rEmAins suCh As ArChitECturE, insCriptions, sCulpturE, vAsE pAinting, AnD othEr Forms oF DECorAtivE Art.
pErhAps thE most ControvErsiAl usE oF ArChEologiCAl EviDEnCE in thEAtrE history is vAsE pAintings, thousAnDs oF whiCh hAvE survivED From AnCiEnt grEECE. (most oF thosE usED By thEAtrE sCholArs ArE rEproDuCED in mArgArEtEBiEBEr’s "thE history oF thE grEEk AnD romAn thEAtrE". )DEpiCting sCEnEs From mythology AnD DAily liFE, thE vAsEs ArE thE most grAphiC piCtoriAl EviDEnCE wE hAvE, But thEy ArE Also EAsy to misintErprEt. somE sCholArs hAvE ConsiDErED Any vAsE thAt DEpiCts A suBjECt trEAtED in A surviving DrAmA or Any sCEnE showing mAsks, FlutE plAyErs, or CErEmoniAls to BE vAliD EviDEnCE oF thEAtriCAl prACtiCE. this is A highly quEstionABlE Assumption, sinCE thE grEEks mADE wiDEsprEAD usE oF mAsks, DAnCEs, AnD musiC outsiDE thE thEAtrE AnD sinCE thE myths on whiCh DrAmAtists DrEw wErE known to EvEryonE, inCluDing vAsE pAintErs, who might wEll DEpiCt thE sAmE suBjECts As DrAmAtists without BEing inDEBtED to thEm. thosE vAsEs showing sCEnEs unquEstionABly thEAtriCAl ArE FEw in numBEr.
writtEn EviDEnCE ABout AnCiEnt grEEk thEAtrE is oFtEn trEAtED As lEss rEliABlE thAn ArChEologiCAl EviDEnCE BECAusE most writtEn ACCounts ArE sEpArAtED so FAr in timE From thE EvEnts thEy DEsCriBE AnD BECAusE thEy proviDE no inFormAtion ABout thEir own sourCEs. oF thE writtEn EviDEnCE, thE surviving plAys ArE usuAlly trEAtED As thE most rEliABlE.But thE olDEst surviving mAnusCripts oF grEEk plAys DAtE From ArounD thE tEnth CEntury,C、E、, somE 1500 yEArs AFtEr thEy wErE First pErFormED、sinCE printing DiD not Exist During this timE spAn, CopiEs oF plAys hAD to BE mADE By hAnD, AnD thErEForE thE possiBility oF tExtuAl Errors CrEEping in wAs mAgniFiED、nEvErthElEss, thE sCripts oFFEr us our rEADiEst ACCEss to thE CulturAl AnD thEAtriCAl ConDitions out oF whiCh thEy CAmE.But thEsE sCripts, likE othEr kinDs oF EviDEnCE, ArE suBjECt to vArying intErprEtAtions.CErtAinly pErFormAnCEs EmBoDiED A mAlE pErspECtivE, For ExAmplE, sinCE thE plAys wErE writtEn, sElECtED, stAgED, AnD ACtED By mEn. yEt thE Existing plAys FEAturE numErous ChorusEs oF womEn AnD mAny FEAturE strong FEmAlE ChArACtErs.BECAusE thEsE ChArACtErs oFtEn sEEm viCtims oF thEir own powErlEssnEss AnD AppEAr to BE govErnED, EspECiAlly in thE ComEDiEs, By sExuAl DEsirE, somE CritiCs hAvE sEEn thEsE plAys As rAtionAlizAtions By thE mAlE-DominAtED CulturE For kEEping womEn sEgrEgAtED AnD CloistErED、othEr CritiCs, ho
【单选题】 Seismic waves generated by an earthquake or large explosion can be recorded thousands of kilometer from their source.
【单选题】sAn FrAnCisCo: itsContEmporAry issuEs
FAmous For its BEAutiFul sEtting, sAn FrAnCisCo is Built on A sEriEs oF stEEp hills loCAtED on thE northErn tip oF A pEninsulA At thE EntrAnCE to sAn FrAnCisCoBAy. thE BAy AnD its ExtEnsions, whiCh inCluDE sAn pABloBAy AnD suisunBAy, ConstitutE onE oF thE grEAt nAturAl hArBors oF thE worlD, EmBrACing nEArly 1,200 sq km (morE thAn 450 sq mi) oF wAtEr.BECAusE oF this, sAn FrAnCisCo wAs onCE thE mAjor pACiFiCCoAst sEAport oF thE unitED stAtEs. toDAy thE City is An importAnt CEntEr For FinAnCE, tEChnology, tourism, AnD CulturE. thE City wAs nAmED AFtEr sAn FrAnCisCoBAy, whiCh in turn wAs nAmED For sAint FrAnCis oFAssisi By EArly spAnish ExplorErs.
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thE pEoplE oF sAn FrAnCisCo CAn tAkE priDE in thEir City’s ACComplishmEnts.
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sAn FrAnCisCAns, AnD in somE CAsEs thEir CountErpArts in thEBAyArEA, hAvE suCCEssFully unDErtAkEn mAmmoth ConstruCtion projECts suCh As thE sAn FrAnCisCo-oAklAnDBAyBriDgE, thE golDEn gAtEBriDgE, AnD thEBAyArEA rApiD trAnsit systEm.
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sinCE At lEAst thE 1950s, sAn FrAnCisCAns hAvE Also EArnED A rEputAtion For tolErAnCE oF AnD rEspECt For DivErsity.
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During thE lAtE 1990s thE grEAtEst proBlEm in sAn FrAnCisCo’s inFrAstruCturE wAs thE muniCipAl rAilwAy. proportionAtEly morE sAn FrAnCisCAns rEly on puBliC trAnsportAtion thAn Do thE pEoplE in Any othErCAliForniA City, But riDErs ComplAinED oF sErious DElAys AnD ovErCrowDing. somE improvEmEnts wErE unDErwAy By 1999, AnD in thAt yEAr City votErs Also ApprovED mAjor ChAngEs in thE orgAnizAtionAl struCturE oF thE City’s trAnsportAtion DEpArtmEnts.
thE most sErious soCiAl proBlEms FACing thE City ArE not uniquE to sAn FrAnCisCo, But somE hAvE tAkEn on grEAtEr DimEnsions in thE City thAn thEy hAvE ElsEwhErE. onE suCh proBlEm is homElEssnEss.During thE ADministrAtion oF mAyorArtAgnos From 1988 to 1992, thE plAzA in Front oF City hAll BECAmE An EnCAmpmEnt For homElEss pEoplE, rEnDEring othEr usE impossiBlE AnD rAising puBliC hEAlth ConCErns.Agnos’s politiCAl opponEnts DuBBED it "CAmpAgnos" AnD thE situAtion ContriButED toAgnos’s DEFEAt in 1991. thE proBlEm oF homElEssnEss pErsists DEspitE thE EFForts oF City AgEnCiEs AnD privAtE ChAritiEs to proviDE shEltEr, hEAlth CArE, AnD Drug, AlCohol, AnD mEntAl hEAlth trEAtmEnt. in thE miD AnD lAtE 1990s mAyors FrAnk jorDAn AnD williEBrown Both sought to DisCourAgE homElEss pEoplE From living in puBliC spACE in thE Downtown ArEA AnD, inBrown’s CAsE, in golDEn gAtE pArk. howEvEr, rEsiDEnts oF othEr ArEAs ComplAinED thAt BECAusE oF thEsE projECts, thE DisplACED homElEss hAD movED into thEir nEighBorhooDs.
in othEr ArEAs thE City hAs mADE somE progrEss towArD ADDrEssing soCiAl proBlEms.As wAs truE ACross muCh oF thE nAtion, thE CrimE rAtE in sAn FrAnCisCo DroppED in thE 1990s, As DiD thE rAtE oF Drug-rElAtED violEnCE. in ADDition, somE puBliC homing projECts in sAn FrAnCisCo thAt wErE EspECiAlly pronE to violEnCE AnD Drug-rElAtED ACtivity wErE rAzED AnD rEBuilt with DEsigns ConsiDErED lEss likEly to EnCourAgE thosE ACtivitiEs. othEr puBliC homing projECts rECEivED stEppED up sECurity pAtrols.
somE soCiAl CritiCs hAvE pointED to An inCrEAsing EConomiC AnD soCiAl polArizAtion oF sAn FrAnCisCo’s populAtion. thosE who work in FinAnCE or high-tECh FiElDs ArE inCrEAsingly AFFluEnt, pushing rEnts AnD homE priCEs to Among thE highEst lEvEls in thE nAtion.At thE sAmE timE, pEoplE who lABor in thE sErviCE sECtor oFtEn work For thE minimum wAgE, CAnnot shArE thE AFFluEnt liFEstylEs ArounD thEm, AnD ArE hArD-prEssED to AFForD rising rEnts. thE DisAppEArAnCE oF mAny unionizED joBs in mAnuFACturing AnD
FAmous For its BEAutiFul sEtting, sAn FrAnCisCo is Built on A sEriEs oF stEEp hills loCAtED on thE northErn tip oF A pEninsulA At thE EntrAnCE to sAn FrAnCisCoBAy. thE BAy AnD its ExtEnsions, whiCh inCluDE sAn pABloBAy AnD suisunBAy, ConstitutE onE oF thE grEAt nAturAl hArBors oF thE worlD, EmBrACing nEArly 1,200 sq km (morE thAn 450 sq mi) oF wAtEr.BECAusE oF this, sAn FrAnCisCo wAs onCE thE mAjor pACiFiCCoAst sEAport oF thE unitED stAtEs. toDAy thE City is An importAnt CEntEr For FinAnCE, tEChnology, tourism, AnD CulturE. thE City wAs nAmED AFtEr sAn FrAnCisCoBAy, whiCh in turn wAs nAmED For sAint FrAnCis oFAssisi By EArly spAnish ExplorErs.
During thE lAtE 1990s thE grEAtEst proBlEm in sAn FrAnCisCo’s inFrAstruCturE wAs thE muniCipAl rAilwAy. proportionAtEly morE sAn FrAnCisCAns rEly on puBliC trAnsportAtion thAn Do thE pEoplE in Any othErCAliForniA City, But riDErs ComplAinED oF sErious DElAys AnD ovErCrowDing. somE improvEmEnts wErE unDErwAy By 1999, AnD in thAt yEAr City votErs Also ApprovED mAjor ChAngEs in thE orgAnizAtionAl struCturE oF thE City’s trAnsportAtion DEpArtmEnts.
thE most sErious soCiAl proBlEms FACing thE City ArE not uniquE to sAn FrAnCisCo, But somE hAvE tAkEn on grEAtEr DimEnsions in thE City thAn thEy hAvE ElsEwhErE. onE suCh proBlEm is homElEssnEss.During thE ADministrAtion oF mAyorArtAgnos From 1988 to 1992, thE plAzA in Front oF City hAll BECAmE An EnCAmpmEnt For homElEss pEoplE, rEnDEring othEr usE impossiBlE AnD rAising puBliC hEAlth ConCErns.Agnos’s politiCAl opponEnts DuBBED it "CAmpAgnos" AnD thE situAtion ContriButED toAgnos’s DEFEAt in 1991. thE proBlEm oF homElEssnEss pErsists DEspitE thE EFForts oF City AgEnCiEs AnD privAtE ChAritiEs to proviDE shEltEr, hEAlth CArE, AnD Drug, AlCohol, AnD mEntAl hEAlth trEAtmEnt. in thE miD AnD lAtE 1990s mAyors FrAnk jorDAn AnD williEBrown Both sought to DisCourAgE homElEss pEoplE From living in puBliC spACE in thE Downtown ArEA AnD, inBrown’s CAsE, in golDEn gAtE pArk. howEvEr, rEsiDEnts oF othEr ArEAs ComplAinED thAt BECAusE oF thEsE projECts, thE DisplACED homElEss hAD movED into thEir nEighBorhooDs.
in othEr ArEAs thE City hAs mADE somE progrEss towArD ADDrEssing soCiAl proBlEms.As wAs truE ACross muCh oF thE nAtion, thE CrimE rAtE in sAn FrAnCisCo DroppED in thE 1990s, As DiD thE rAtE oF Drug-rElAtED violEnCE. in ADDition, somE puBliC homing projECts in sAn FrAnCisCo thAt wErE EspECiAlly pronE to violEnCE AnD Drug-rElAtED ACtivity wErE rAzED AnD rEBuilt with DEsigns ConsiDErED lEss likEly to EnCourAgE thosE ACtivitiEs. othEr puBliC homing projECts rECEivED stEppED up sECurity pAtrols.
somE soCiAl CritiCs hAvE pointED to An inCrEAsing EConomiC AnD soCiAl polArizAtion oF sAn FrAnCisCo’s populAtion. thosE who work in FinAnCE or high-tECh FiElDs ArE inCrEAsingly AFFluEnt, pushing rEnts AnD homE priCEs to Among thE highEst lEvEls in thE nAtion.At thE sAmE timE, pEoplE who lABor in thE sErviCE sECtor oFtEn work For thE minimum wAgE, CAnnot shArE thE AFFluEnt liFEstylEs ArounD thEm, AnD ArE hArD-prEssED to AFForD rising rEnts. thE DisAppEArAnCE oF mAny unionizED joBs in mAnuFACturing AnD
【单选题】 It can be inferred from the passage that theropods were
A．( dinosaurs
B．( birds
C．( Archaeopteryx
D．(crows
A．( dinosaurs
B．( birds
C．( Archaeopteryx
D．(crows
【单选题】 The word "meticulous" in line 24 is closest ir meaning to
A．( careful
B．( significant
C．( appropriate
D．( believable
A．( careful
B．( significant
C．( appropriate
D．( believable
【单选题】 The word "sustain" in line 6 is closets in meaning to
A．( select
B．( strain
C．( support
D．( store
A．( select
B．( strain
C．( support
D．( store
【单选题】 According to the passage, lunar researchers have focused mostly on
A．( the possibility of finding water on the Moon
B．( the lunar regolith
C．( cataloging various land formations
D．( craters and their origins
A．( the possibility of finding water on the Moon
B．( the lunar regolith
C．( cataloging various land formations
D．( craters and their origins
【单选题】 One of the (most impressive) cultural achievements of the United State (during) the 1920's was a (vastly) outpouring of (serious literature).
A．most impressive
B．during
C．vastly
D．serious literature
A．most impressive
B．during
C．vastly
D．serious literature
【单选题】Country musiC
A、CommErCiAl oFFshoot oF thE Folk musiC oF thE rurAl south, Country musiC is AnAmEriCAn Art Form thAt gAinED worlDwiDE AppEAl AFtEr worlD wAr ⅱ. originAlly known As hillBilly or mountAin musiC, Country musiC grEw From thE Folk musiC thAt wAs Brought to northAmEriCA ByAnglo-CEltiC sEttlErs in thE 1700s AnD 1800s. thE musiC ChAngED As it CAmE in ContACt with EthniC musiC--ACADiAnCAjun) in louisiAnA, lAtin in thE southwEst,AFriCAn throughout muCh oF thE south--AnD suCh populAr musiC As thAt FounD in vAuDEvillE, minstrEl shows, AnD hAwAiiAn tEnt shows. it wAs Also CAllED Country AnD wEstErn musiC BECAusE oF its populArity with CowBoys.
trADitionAlly Country musiCiAns hAvE BEEn most proFiCiEnt on stringED instrumEnts. thE violin, or FiDDlE, wAs thE most populAr instrumEnt on thE FrontiEr BECAusE oF its EAsy portABility. to this DAy FiDDlE ContEsts rEmAin A FEAturE oF thE Country musiC sCEnE. thE BAnjo wAs ADAptED From thEAFriCAnAmEriCAn CulturE, AnD thE FivE-siring moDEl is now univErsAlly populAr Among pErFormErs oF thE stylE known As BluEgrAss. thE guitAr hAs long BEEn A stAplE oF Country musiC BAnDs AnD singErs. string BAss AnD hAwAiiAn guitAr hAvE BEEn usED sinCE thE 1920s, AnD thEir moDErn DEsCEnDAnts ArE thE ElECtriC BAss AnD thE pEDAl stEEl guitAr.Drums, piAnos, AnD ElECtriFiED instrumEnts, usED As EArly As thE 1930s By wEstErn swing BAnDs, ArE hEArD on Country rECorDings From thE 1950s.
in 1922 rADio stAtions wBAp in Fort worth, tEx. , AnD wsB、inAtlAntA, gA、, BroADCAst shows CAllED BArn DAnCEs, moDElED AFtEr thE inFormAl soCiAl DAnCing oF thE FrontiEr.ChiCAgo’s wls stArtED whAt BECAmE thE nAtionAlBArnDAnCE in 1924, AnD wsm in nAshvillE, tEnn., BEgAn itsBArnDAnCE in novEmBEr 1925, just onE month AFtEr going on thE Air. rECorD CompAniEs Also DisCovErED thE CommErCiAl possiBilitiEs oF this musiC、FiDDlErECkA、C、) roBErtson trAvElED to nEw yorkCity AnD in 1922 mADE thE First hillBilly rECorDs, "ArkAnsAs trAvElEr" AnD "sAlliE gooDin". thE gEorgiA FiDDlEr johnCArson hAD thE First sAlEs suCCEss thE nExt yEAr with his okEh rECorD oF "littlE olD logCABin in thE lAnE".A、tExAs nAtivE who ACtuAlly hAD voiCE trAining AnD light opErA ExpEriEnCE, vErnonDAlhArt (his rEAl nAmE wAs mArion slAughtEr) solD millions oF rECorDs in thE 1920s For DozEns oF DiFFErEnt CompAniEs. his First Big sEllErs wErE "thE prisonEr’s song" AnD "thE wrECk oF thE olD 97" For viCtor in 1924. in 1927 jimmiE roDgErs, originAlly A yoDElEr, mADE his First rECorDings.BECAusE roDgErs, viCtor rECorDs inspirED numErous mEn to BEComE Country EntErtAinErs, hE BECAmE known As thE FAthEr oFCountry musiC、
hollywooD’s singing CowBoys won For Country musiC nAtionAl AnD intErnAtionAl AuDiEnCEs During thE lAtEr 1930s.EvEn though rECorD sAlEs For Country AnD othEr typEs oF musiC slippED During thE grEAtDEprEssion, rADio ContinuED to BroADCAst A lArgE ArrAy oF livE Country musiC tAlEnt, usuAlly in thE EArly morning, noon, or lAtE night hours. nEw BArn DAnCEs wErE hEArD on thE AirwAvEs, AnD two oF thE loCAl shows gAinED nEtwork rADio AuDiEnCEs During thE 1930s.
worlD wAr ⅱ ACCElErAtED Country musiC’s growth AwAy From An ExClusivEly southErn AnD rurAl phEnomEnon. southErn sErviCEmEn took thE musiC with thEm to FAr-Flung pArts oF thE nAtion AnD thE worlD, whilE CiviliAn DEFEnsE workErs From thE south Brought thEir lovE oF thE musiC into thE vArious CEntErs oF wAr proDuCtion.
thE postwAr yEArs Brought A nEwFounD nAtionAl prospErity, whiCh BoostED Country musiC to grEAtEr CommErCiAl hEights. singErs AnD BusinEss ExECutivEs ClosEly tiED to thE musiC sought AnD won A nEw rEspECtABility From trADE pApErs AnD nAtionAl mEDiA、thE olD tErms hillBilly AnD mountAin wErE rEplACED By Country, AnD EvEn For A timE By Country AnD wEstErn, in rECognition oF thE nEw populArity oF thE CowBoy singErs on tElEvision.
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A、CommErCiAl oFFshoot oF thE Folk musiC oF thE rurAl south, Country musiC is AnAmEriCAn Art Form thAt gAinED worlDwiDE AppEAl AFtEr worlD wAr ⅱ. originAlly known As hillBilly or mountAin musiC, Country musiC grEw From thE Folk musiC thAt wAs Brought to northAmEriCA ByAnglo-CEltiC sEttlErs in thE 1700s AnD 1800s. thE musiC ChAngED As it CAmE in ContACt with EthniC musiC--ACADiAnCAjun) in louisiAnA, lAtin in thE southwEst,AFriCAn throughout muCh oF thE south--AnD suCh populAr musiC As thAt FounD in vAuDEvillE, minstrEl shows, AnD hAwAiiAn tEnt shows. it wAs Also CAllED Country AnD wEstErn musiC BECAusE oF its populArity with CowBoys.
trADitionAlly Country musiCiAns hAvE BEEn most proFiCiEnt on stringED instrumEnts. thE violin, or FiDDlE, wAs thE most populAr instrumEnt on thE FrontiEr BECAusE oF its EAsy portABility. to this DAy FiDDlE ContEsts rEmAin A FEAturE oF thE Country musiC sCEnE. thE BAnjo wAs ADAptED From thEAFriCAnAmEriCAn CulturE, AnD thE FivE-siring moDEl is now univErsAlly populAr Among pErFormErs oF thE stylE known As BluEgrAss. thE guitAr hAs long BEEn A stAplE oF Country musiC BAnDs AnD singErs. string BAss AnD hAwAiiAn guitAr hAvE BEEn usED sinCE thE 1920s, AnD thEir moDErn DEsCEnDAnts ArE thE ElECtriC BAss AnD thE pEDAl stEEl guitAr.Drums, piAnos, AnD ElECtriFiED instrumEnts, usED As EArly As thE 1930s By wEstErn swing BAnDs, ArE hEArD on Country rECorDings From thE 1950s.
in 1922 rADio stAtions wBAp in Fort worth, tEx. , AnD wsB、inAtlAntA, gA、, BroADCAst shows CAllED BArn DAnCEs, moDElED AFtEr thE inFormAl soCiAl DAnCing oF thE FrontiEr.ChiCAgo’s wls stArtED whAt BECAmE thE nAtionAlBArnDAnCE in 1924, AnD wsm in nAshvillE, tEnn., BEgAn itsBArnDAnCE in novEmBEr 1925, just onE month AFtEr going on thE Air. rECorD CompAniEs Also DisCovErED thE CommErCiAl possiBilitiEs oF this musiC、FiDDlErECkA、C、) roBErtson trAvElED to nEw yorkCity AnD in 1922 mADE thE First hillBilly rECorDs, "ArkAnsAs trAvElEr" AnD "sAlliE gooDin". thE gEorgiA FiDDlEr johnCArson hAD thE First sAlEs suCCEss thE nExt yEAr with his okEh rECorD oF "littlE olD logCABin in thE lAnE".A、tExAs nAtivE who ACtuAlly hAD voiCE trAining AnD light opErA ExpEriEnCE, vErnonDAlhArt (his rEAl nAmE wAs mArion slAughtEr) solD millions oF rECorDs in thE 1920s For DozEns oF DiFFErEnt CompAniEs. his First Big sEllErs wErE "thE prisonEr’s song" AnD "thE wrECk oF thE olD 97" For viCtor in 1924. in 1927 jimmiE roDgErs, originAlly A yoDElEr, mADE his First rECorDings.BECAusE roDgErs, viCtor rECorDs inspirED numErous mEn to BEComE Country EntErtAinErs, hE BECAmE known As thE FAthEr oFCountry musiC、
hollywooD’s singing CowBoys won For Country musiC nAtionAl AnD intErnAtionAl AuDiEnCEs During thE lAtEr 1930s.EvEn though rECorD sAlEs For Country AnD othEr typEs oF musiC slippED During thE grEAtDEprEssion, rADio ContinuED to BroADCAst A lArgE ArrAy oF livE Country musiC tAlEnt, usuAlly in thE EArly morning, noon, or lAtE night hours. nEw BArn DAnCEs wErE hEArD on thE AirwAvEs, AnD two oF thE loCAl shows gAinED nEtwork rADio AuDiEnCEs During thE 1930s.
worlD wAr ⅱ ACCElErAtED Country musiC’s growth AwAy From An ExClusivEly southErn AnD rurAl phEnomEnon. southErn sErviCEmEn took thE musiC with thEm to FAr-Flung pArts oF thE nAtion AnD thE worlD, whilE CiviliAn DEFEnsE workErs From thE south Brought thEir lovE oF thE musiC into thE vArious CEntErs oF wAr proDuCtion.
thE postwAr yEArs Brought A nEwFounD nAtionAl prospErity, whiCh BoostED Country musiC to grEAtEr CommErCiAl hEights. singErs AnD BusinEss ExECutivEs ClosEly tiED to thE musiC sought AnD won A nEw rEspECtABility From trADE pApErs AnD nAtionAl mEDiA、thE olD tErms hillBilly AnD mountAin wErE rEplACED By Country, AnD EvEn For A timE By Country AnD wEstErn, in rECognition oF thE nEw populArity oF thE CowBoy singErs on tElEvision.
【单选题】 Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first, they were ________.
A．often which soap manufacturers sponsored
B．sponsored often soap manufacturers
C．often sponsored by soap manufacturers
D．soap manufacturers often sponsored them
A．often which soap manufacturers sponsored
B．sponsored often soap manufacturers
C．often sponsored by soap manufacturers
D．soap manufacturers often sponsored them
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