【单选题】thE most importAnt pArAmEtErs AFFECting A roCkEt’s mAximum Flight vEloCity is thE rElAtionship BEtwEEn thE vEhiClE’s mAss AnD thE Amount
oF propEllAnt it CAn CArry.
【单选题】looking At thEAtrE history
onE oF thE primAry wAys oF ApproAChing thE grEEk thEAtrE is through ArChEology, thE systEmAtiC stuDy oF mAtEriAl rEmAins suCh As ArChitECturE, insCriptions, sCulpturE, vAsE pAinting, AnD othEr Forms oF DECorAtivE Art.
![]()
sErious on-sitE ExCAvAtions BEgAn in grEECE ArounD 1870, But w.D6rpFElD DiD not BEgin thE First ExtEnsivE stuDy oF thE thEAtrE oFDionysus until 1886.
![]()
sinCE thAt timE, morE thAn 167 othEr grEEk thEAtrEs hAvE BEEn iDEntiFiED AnD mAny oF thEm hAvE BEEn ExCAvAtED、
![]()
nEvErthElEss, thEy still Do not pErmit us to DEsCriBE thE prECisE AppEArAnCE oF thE skEnE (illustrAtions printED in Books ArE ConjECturAl rEConstruCtions), sinCE mAny piECEs ArE irrEvoCABly lost BECAusE thE BuilDings in lAtEr pErioDs BECAmE sourCEs oF stonE For othEr projECts AnD whAt rEmAins is usuAlly BrokEn AnD sCAttErED、
![]()
thAt most oF thE BuilDings wErE rEmoDElED mAny timEs hAs CrEAtED grEAt proBlEms For thosE sEEking to DAtE Both thE pArts AnD thE suCCEssivE vErsions.DEspitE thEsE DrAwBACks, ArChEology proviDEs thE most ConCrEtE EviDEnCE wE hAvE ABout thE thEAtrE struCturEs oF AnCiEnt grEECE.But, iF thEy hAvE tolD us muCh, ArChEologists hAvE not ComplEtED thEir work, AnD mAny sitEs hAvE sCArCEly BEEn touChED、
pErhAps thE most ControvErsiAl usE oF ArChEologiCAl EviDEnCE in thEAtrE history is vAsE pAintings, thousAnDs oF whiCh hAvE survivED From AnCiEnt grEECE. (most oF thosE usED By thEAtrE sCholArs ArE rEproDuCED in mArgArEtEBiEBEr’s "thE history oF thE grEEk AnD romAn thEAtrE". )DEpiCting sCEnEs From mythology AnD DAily liFE, thE vAsEs ArE thE most grAphiC piCtoriAl EviDEnCE wE hAvE, But thEy ArE Also EAsy to misintErprEt. somE sCholArs hAvE ConsiDErED Any vAsE thAt DEpiCts A suBjECt trEAtED in A surviving DrAmA or Any sCEnE showing mAsks, FlutE plAyErs, or CErEmoniAls to BE vAliD EviDEnCE oF thEAtriCAl prACtiCE. this is A highly quEstionABlE Assumption, sinCE thE grEEks mADE wiDEsprEAD usE oF mAsks, DAnCEs, AnD musiC outsiDE thE thEAtrE AnD sinCE thE myths on whiCh DrAmAtists DrEw wErE known to EvEryonE, inCluDing vAsE pAintErs, who might wEll DEpiCt thE sAmE suBjECts As DrAmAtists without BEing inDEBtED to thEm. thosE vAsEs showing sCEnEs unquEstionABly thEAtriCAl ArE FEw in numBEr.
writtEn EviDEnCE ABout AnCiEnt grEEk thEAtrE is oFtEn trEAtED As lEss rEliABlE thAn ArChEologiCAl EviDEnCE BECAusE most writtEn ACCounts ArE sEpArAtED so FAr in timE From thE EvEnts thEy DEsCriBE AnD BECAusE thEy proviDE no inFormAtion ABout thEir own sourCEs. oF thE writtEn EviDEnCE, thE surviving plAys ArE usuAlly trEAtED As thE most rEliABlE.But thE olDEst surviving mAnusCripts oF grEEk plAys DAtE From ArounD thE tEnth CEntury,C、E、, somE 1500 yEArs AFtEr thEy wErE First pErFormED、sinCE printing DiD not Exist During this timE spAn, CopiEs oF plAys hAD to BE mADE By hAnD, AnD thErEForE thE possiBility oF tExtuAl Errors CrEEping in wAs mAgniFiED、nEvErthElEss, thE sCripts oFFEr us our rEADiEst ACCEss to thE CulturAl AnD thEAtriCAl ConDitions out oF whiCh thEy CAmE.But thEsE sCripts, likE othEr kinDs oF EviDEnCE, ArE suBjECt to vArying intErprEtAtions.CErtAinly pErFormAnCEs EmBoDiED A mAlE pErspECtivE, For ExAmplE, sinCE thE plAys wErE writtEn, sElECtED, stAgED, AnD ACtED By mEn. yEt thE Existing plAys FEAturE numErous ChorusEs oF womEn AnD mAny FEAturE strong FEmAlE ChArACtErs.BECAusE thEsE ChArACtErs oFtEn sEEm viCtims oF thEir own powErlEssnEss AnD AppEAr to BE govErnED, EspECiAlly in thE ComEDiEs, By sExuAl DEsirE, somE CritiCs hAvE sEEn thEsE plAys As rAtionAlizAtions By thE mAlE-DominAtED CulturE For kEEping womEn sEgrEgAtED AnD CloistErED、othEr CritiCs, ho
onE oF thE primAry wAys oF ApproAChing thE grEEk thEAtrE is through ArChEology, thE systEmAtiC stuDy oF mAtEriAl rEmAins suCh As ArChitECturE, insCriptions, sCulpturE, vAsE pAinting, AnD othEr Forms oF DECorAtivE Art.
pErhAps thE most ControvErsiAl usE oF ArChEologiCAl EviDEnCE in thEAtrE history is vAsE pAintings, thousAnDs oF whiCh hAvE survivED From AnCiEnt grEECE. (most oF thosE usED By thEAtrE sCholArs ArE rEproDuCED in mArgArEtEBiEBEr’s "thE history oF thE grEEk AnD romAn thEAtrE". )DEpiCting sCEnEs From mythology AnD DAily liFE, thE vAsEs ArE thE most grAphiC piCtoriAl EviDEnCE wE hAvE, But thEy ArE Also EAsy to misintErprEt. somE sCholArs hAvE ConsiDErED Any vAsE thAt DEpiCts A suBjECt trEAtED in A surviving DrAmA or Any sCEnE showing mAsks, FlutE plAyErs, or CErEmoniAls to BE vAliD EviDEnCE oF thEAtriCAl prACtiCE. this is A highly quEstionABlE Assumption, sinCE thE grEEks mADE wiDEsprEAD usE oF mAsks, DAnCEs, AnD musiC outsiDE thE thEAtrE AnD sinCE thE myths on whiCh DrAmAtists DrEw wErE known to EvEryonE, inCluDing vAsE pAintErs, who might wEll DEpiCt thE sAmE suBjECts As DrAmAtists without BEing inDEBtED to thEm. thosE vAsEs showing sCEnEs unquEstionABly thEAtriCAl ArE FEw in numBEr.
writtEn EviDEnCE ABout AnCiEnt grEEk thEAtrE is oFtEn trEAtED As lEss rEliABlE thAn ArChEologiCAl EviDEnCE BECAusE most writtEn ACCounts ArE sEpArAtED so FAr in timE From thE EvEnts thEy DEsCriBE AnD BECAusE thEy proviDE no inFormAtion ABout thEir own sourCEs. oF thE writtEn EviDEnCE, thE surviving plAys ArE usuAlly trEAtED As thE most rEliABlE.But thE olDEst surviving mAnusCripts oF grEEk plAys DAtE From ArounD thE tEnth CEntury,C、E、, somE 1500 yEArs AFtEr thEy wErE First pErFormED、sinCE printing DiD not Exist During this timE spAn, CopiEs oF plAys hAD to BE mADE By hAnD, AnD thErEForE thE possiBility oF tExtuAl Errors CrEEping in wAs mAgniFiED、nEvErthElEss, thE sCripts oFFEr us our rEADiEst ACCEss to thE CulturAl AnD thEAtriCAl ConDitions out oF whiCh thEy CAmE.But thEsE sCripts, likE othEr kinDs oF EviDEnCE, ArE suBjECt to vArying intErprEtAtions.CErtAinly pErFormAnCEs EmBoDiED A mAlE pErspECtivE, For ExAmplE, sinCE thE plAys wErE writtEn, sElECtED, stAgED, AnD ACtED By mEn. yEt thE Existing plAys FEAturE numErous ChorusEs oF womEn AnD mAny FEAturE strong FEmAlE ChArACtErs.BECAusE thEsE ChArACtErs oFtEn sEEm viCtims oF thEir own powErlEssnEss AnD AppEAr to BE govErnED, EspECiAlly in thE ComEDiEs, By sExuAl DEsirE, somE CritiCs hAvE sEEn thEsE plAys As rAtionAlizAtions By thE mAlE-DominAtED CulturE For kEEping womEn sEgrEgAtED AnD CloistErED、othEr CritiCs, ho
【单选题】A CAnADiAn primE ministEr must hAvE thE supportivE {{u/}} oF A mAjority oF thE mEmBErs {{u/}} oF thE housEoF Commons to rEmAin in oFFiCE.
【单选题】roDEnts DwEll in vArious hABitAt, somE spECiEs BEing AquAtiC, somE tErrEstriAl.
【单选题】 Both the United States silver dollar and half-dollar, first minted in 1794, had a figure of Liberty on one side and a eagle on the reverse side.
【单选题】rEADing 1 "ExotiC AnDEnDAngErED spECiEs"
→ whEn you hEAr somEonE BuBBling EnthusiAstiCAlly ABout An ExotiC spECiEs, you CAn sAFEly BEt thE spEAkEr isn’t An ECologist. this is A nAmE For A rEsiDEnt oF An EstABlishED Community thAt wAs DEliBErAtEly or ACCiDEntAlly movED From its homE rAngE AnD BECAmE EstABlishED ElsEwhErE. unlikE most imports, whiCh CAn’t tAkE holD outsiDE thEir homE rAngE, An ExotiC spECiEs pErmAnEntly insinuAtEs itsElF into A nEw Community.
somEtimEs thE ADDitions ArE hArmlEss AnD EvEn hAvE BEnEFiCiAl EFFECts. morE oFtEn, thEy mAkE nAtivE spECiEs EnDAngErED spECiEs, whiCh By DEFinition ArE ExtrEmEly vulnErABlE to ExtinCtion. oF All spECiEs on thE rArE or EnDAngErED lists or thAt rECEntly BECAmE ExtinCt, ClosE to 70 pErCEnt owE thEir prECArious ExistEnCE or DEmisE to DisplACEmEnt By ExotiC spECiEs. two ExAmplEs ArE inCluDED hErE to illustrAtE thE proBlEm.
During thE 1800s,British sEttlErs inAustrAliA just CoulDn’t BonD with thE koAlAs AnD kAngAroos, so thEy stArtED to import FAmiliAr AnimAls From thEir homElAnD、in 1859, in whAt woulD BE thE stArt oF A wholEsAlE DisAstEr, A northErnAustrAliAn lAnDownEr importED AnD thEn rElEAsED two DozEn wilDEuropEAn rABBits (oryCtolAgus CuniCulus). gooD FooD AnD gooD sport hunting—thAt wAs thE iDEA、An iDEAl rABBit hABitAt with no nAturAl prEDAtors wAs thE rEAlity.
six yEArs lAtEr, thE lAnDownEr hAD killED 20,000 rABBits AnD wAs BEsiEgED By 20,000 morE. thE rABBits DisplACED livEstoCk, EvEn kAngAroos. nowAustrAliA hAs 200 to 300 million hippityhopping through thE southErn hAlF oF thE Country. thEy ovErgrAzE pErEnniAl grAssEs in gooD timEs AnD strip BArk From shruBs AnD trEEs During Droughts. you know whErE thEy’vE BEEn; thEy trAnsForm grAsslAnDs AnD shruBlAnDs into EroDED DEsErts. thEy hAvE BEEn shot AnD poisonED、thEir wArrEns hAvE BEEn plowED unDEr, FumigAtED, AnD DynAmitED、EvEn whEn All-out AssAults rEDuCED thEir populAtion sizE By 70 pErCEnt, thE rApiDly rEproDuCing imports mADE A ComEBACk in lEss thAn A yEAr.DiD thE ConstruCtion oF A 2,000-milE-long FEnCE protECt wEstErnAustrAliA no. rABBits mADE it to thE othEr siDE BEForE workErs FinishED thE FEnCE.
→ in 1951, govErnmEnt workErs introDuCED A myxomA virus By wAy oF milDly inFECtED southAmEriCAn rABBits, its normAl hosts. this virus CAusEs myxomAtosis. thE DisEAsE hAs milD EFFECts on southAmEriCAn rABBits thAt CoEvolvED with thE virus But nEArly AlwAys hAD lEthAl EFFECts on o. CuniCulus.Biting insECts, mAinly mosquitoEs AnD FlEAs, quiCkly trAnsmit thE virus From host to host. hAving no CoEvolvED DEFEnsEs AgAinst thE novEl virus, thEEuropEAn rABBits DiED in DrovEs.But, As you might ExpECt, nAturAl sElECtion hAs sinCE FAvorED rApiD growth oF populAtions oF o. CuniCulus rEsistAnt to thE virus.
→ in 1991, on An uninhABitED islAnD in spEnCEr gulF,AustrAliAn rEsEArChErs rElEAsED A populAtion oF rABBits thAt thEy hAD injECtED with A CAlCivirus. thE rABBits DiED quiCkly AnD rElAtivEly pAinlEssly From BlooD Clots in thEir lungs, hEArts, AnD kiDnEys. in 1995, thE tEst virus EsCApED From thE islAnD, possiBly on insECt vECtors. it hAs BEEn killing 80 to 95 pErCEnt oF thE ADult rABBits inAustrAliAn rEgions.At this writing, rEsEArChErs ArE now quEstioning whEthEr thE CAlCivirus shoulD BE usED on A wiDEsprEAD sCAlE, whEthEr it CAn jump BounDAriEs AnD inFECt AnimAls othEr thAn rABBits (suCh As humAns); AnD whAt thE long-tErm ConsEquEnCEs will BE.
A、vinE CAllED kuDzu (puErAriA loBAtA) wAs DEliBErAtEly importED From jApAn to thE unitED stAtEs, whErE it FACEs no sErious thrEAts From hErBivorEs, pAthogEns, or CompEtitor plAnts. in tEmpErAtE pArts oFAsiA, it is A wEll-BEhAvED lEgumE with A wEll-DEvElopED root systEm. it sEEmED likE A gooD iDEA to usE it to Control Erosion on hills AnD highwAy EmBAnkmEnts in thE southEAstErn unitED stAtEs.
![]()
with nothing to stop it, though, ku
→ whEn you hEAr somEonE BuBBling EnthusiAstiCAlly ABout An ExotiC spECiEs, you CAn sAFEly BEt thE spEAkEr isn’t An ECologist. this is A nAmE For A rEsiDEnt oF An EstABlishED Community thAt wAs DEliBErAtEly or ACCiDEntAlly movED From its homE rAngE AnD BECAmE EstABlishED ElsEwhErE. unlikE most imports, whiCh CAn’t tAkE holD outsiDE thEir homE rAngE, An ExotiC spECiEs pErmAnEntly insinuAtEs itsElF into A nEw Community.
somEtimEs thE ADDitions ArE hArmlEss AnD EvEn hAvE BEnEFiCiAl EFFECts. morE oFtEn, thEy mAkE nAtivE spECiEs EnDAngErED spECiEs, whiCh By DEFinition ArE ExtrEmEly vulnErABlE to ExtinCtion. oF All spECiEs on thE rArE or EnDAngErED lists or thAt rECEntly BECAmE ExtinCt, ClosE to 70 pErCEnt owE thEir prECArious ExistEnCE or DEmisE to DisplACEmEnt By ExotiC spECiEs. two ExAmplEs ArE inCluDED hErE to illustrAtE thE proBlEm.
During thE 1800s,British sEttlErs inAustrAliA just CoulDn’t BonD with thE koAlAs AnD kAngAroos, so thEy stArtED to import FAmiliAr AnimAls From thEir homElAnD、in 1859, in whAt woulD BE thE stArt oF A wholEsAlE DisAstEr, A northErnAustrAliAn lAnDownEr importED AnD thEn rElEAsED two DozEn wilDEuropEAn rABBits (oryCtolAgus CuniCulus). gooD FooD AnD gooD sport hunting—thAt wAs thE iDEA、An iDEAl rABBit hABitAt with no nAturAl prEDAtors wAs thE rEAlity.
six yEArs lAtEr, thE lAnDownEr hAD killED 20,000 rABBits AnD wAs BEsiEgED By 20,000 morE. thE rABBits DisplACED livEstoCk, EvEn kAngAroos. nowAustrAliA hAs 200 to 300 million hippityhopping through thE southErn hAlF oF thE Country. thEy ovErgrAzE pErEnniAl grAssEs in gooD timEs AnD strip BArk From shruBs AnD trEEs During Droughts. you know whErE thEy’vE BEEn; thEy trAnsForm grAsslAnDs AnD shruBlAnDs into EroDED DEsErts. thEy hAvE BEEn shot AnD poisonED、thEir wArrEns hAvE BEEn plowED unDEr, FumigAtED, AnD DynAmitED、EvEn whEn All-out AssAults rEDuCED thEir populAtion sizE By 70 pErCEnt, thE rApiDly rEproDuCing imports mADE A ComEBACk in lEss thAn A yEAr.DiD thE ConstruCtion oF A 2,000-milE-long FEnCE protECt wEstErnAustrAliA no. rABBits mADE it to thE othEr siDE BEForE workErs FinishED thE FEnCE.
→ in 1951, govErnmEnt workErs introDuCED A myxomA virus By wAy oF milDly inFECtED southAmEriCAn rABBits, its normAl hosts. this virus CAusEs myxomAtosis. thE DisEAsE hAs milD EFFECts on southAmEriCAn rABBits thAt CoEvolvED with thE virus But nEArly AlwAys hAD lEthAl EFFECts on o. CuniCulus.Biting insECts, mAinly mosquitoEs AnD FlEAs, quiCkly trAnsmit thE virus From host to host. hAving no CoEvolvED DEFEnsEs AgAinst thE novEl virus, thEEuropEAn rABBits DiED in DrovEs.But, As you might ExpECt, nAturAl sElECtion hAs sinCE FAvorED rApiD growth oF populAtions oF o. CuniCulus rEsistAnt to thE virus.
→ in 1991, on An uninhABitED islAnD in spEnCEr gulF,AustrAliAn rEsEArChErs rElEAsED A populAtion oF rABBits thAt thEy hAD injECtED with A CAlCivirus. thE rABBits DiED quiCkly AnD rElAtivEly pAinlEssly From BlooD Clots in thEir lungs, hEArts, AnD kiDnEys. in 1995, thE tEst virus EsCApED From thE islAnD, possiBly on insECt vECtors. it hAs BEEn killing 80 to 95 pErCEnt oF thE ADult rABBits inAustrAliAn rEgions.At this writing, rEsEArChErs ArE now quEstioning whEthEr thE CAlCivirus shoulD BE usED on A wiDEsprEAD sCAlE, whEthEr it CAn jump BounDAriEs AnD inFECt AnimAls othEr thAn rABBits (suCh As humAns); AnD whAt thE long-tErm ConsEquEnCEs will BE.
A、vinE CAllED kuDzu (puErAriA loBAtA) wAs DEliBErAtEly importED From jApAn to thE unitED stAtEs, whErE it FACEs no sErious thrEAts From hErBivorEs, pAthogEns, or CompEtitor plAnts. in tEmpErAtE pArts oFAsiA, it is A wEll-BEhAvED lEgumE with A wEll-DEvElopED root systEm. it sEEmED likE A gooD iDEA to usE it to Control Erosion on hills AnD highwAy EmBAnkmEnts in thE southEAstErn unitED stAtEs.
【单选题】portrAit prints wErE thE First rEproDuCtions oFAmEriCAn pAintings ______ wiDEly DistriButED in thE unitED stAtEs.
A、wErE
B、thAt whiCh
C、thAt BEing
D、to BE
A、wErE
B、thAt whiCh
C、thAt BEing
D、to BE
【单选题】 (Although) the term "corrosion" applies mostly to metals and particularly to (their reaction)to oxygen, all (material) are subject to (surface deterioration)
A．Although
B．their reaction
C．material
D．surface deterioration
A．Although
B．their reaction
C．material
D．surface deterioration
【单选题】 The first transatlantic telephone cable system was not established _______ 1956.
A．while
B．until
C．on
D．when
A．while
B．until
C．on
D．when
【单选题】 Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states ........ the Constitution of the United States.
A．( ratified
B．( ratify
C．( to ratify
D．( have ratified
A．( ratified
B．( ratify
C．( to ratify
D．( have ratified
发布评论 查看全部评论