考博考试题库_网考网(Netkao.com)

Questions21—23arebasedonthepassageaboutv
Questions 21—23 are based on the passage about vanity stamps. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 21—23. Why did Japan print vanity stampsA．Because the Japanese like taking photographs.

B、Because the Japanese like writing letters to each other.
C．Because the Japanese postal officials want to print a special stamp to catch worldwide attention.
D．Because the Japanese postal officials hope these sumps will help promote interest in letter-writing.
Youshould______atleastthreedaysforthejou
You should ______ at least three days for the journey. A．expect B．permit C．accept D．allow
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplaino
Most people who travel long distance complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone (21) making mistakes. It is actually caused by (22) of your "body clock" --a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological (23) . The body clock is designed for a (24) rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it (25) daylight and darkness at the "wrong" times in a new time zone. The (26) of jetlag often persist for days (27) the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.
Now a new anti-jetlag system is (28) that is based on proven (29) pioneering scientific research.Dr, Martin Mooreede had (30) a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone (31) controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates (32) of the discomfort of jetlag.
A、successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either (33) or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule (34) light exposure depends a great deal on (35) travel plans.
A．formal
B．continual
C．regular
D．circular
In1885OwenWister(1850～1938)recordedthat"
In 1885 Owen Wister (1850～1938) recorded that "it won’t be a century before the West is simply the trueAmerica, with thought, type, and life of its own" and he wanted "to be the hand that once, for all, chronicled and laid bare the virtues and the vices of this extraordinary phase ofAmerican social progress." He never became that self-envisioned Tolstoi of the old West, but in 1902 The Virginian was publisheD、It won instant success and skyrocketed its author to fame. It is still the most popular "Western" novel ever published and the master design for the fiction of the Wild West.
The Virginian established a literary form, a formula popularly known as "horse opera", whose conventions, cliches, and values have reappeared in novels and short stories, in movies and television serials, ever since. The romantic cowboy is the hero and gentleman, one of those "good men in the humbler walks of life", who sees through shams, defends justice and a lady’s honor, shoots it out with the villain and conquers evil.Because of The Virginian, Wister created a character who is the original type for the Western folk hero. He represents the embodiment of certainAmerican ideals--a man who is equal to all occasions, who shows independence of action, a man who keeps his word who is "a broad-guage fellow living among narrow-guage folk".But the literary device and cowboy code which Wister established dictated that the hero must kill the bad man. This necessity for sanctioning murder and romanticizing of the cowboy as a gentleman prohibited The Virginian and the genre it created from becoming serious fiction, or even an authentic product of the western experience. Instead of achieving his ambition, therefore, Wister gave us a sort ofAmerican folk epic, the cowboy story.
The author of the article believes that ______.
A、The Virginian did not deserve the success it won
B．Wister made a definite contribution toAmerican literature
C．Wister was a hack
D．cowboy stories should be considered serious fiction
Itwasmysaddutyto______thenewsofJohn'sdea
It was my sad duty to ______ the news of John's death to his family.A．submit
B．break
C．say
D．proclaim
WhenIwasachildinSundayschool,Iwouldaskse
When I was a child in Sunday school, I would ask searching questions like "Angels can fly up in heaven, but how do clouds hold up pianos " and get the same puzzling response about how that was not important, what was important was that Jesus died for our sins and if we accepted him as our savior, when we died, we would go to heaven, where we’d get everything we wanteD、Some children in my class wondered why anyone would hang on a cross with nails stuck through his hands to help anyone else; I wondered how SantaClaus knew what I wanted forChristmas, even though I never wrote him a letter. Maybe he had a tape recorder hidden in every chimney in the worlD、
This literal-mindedness has stuck with me; one result of it is that I am unable to believe in GoD、Most of the other atheists I know seem to feel freed or proud of their unbelief, as if they have cleverly refused to be sold snake oil. My husband, who was reared in a devoutCatholic family, has served as an altar boy. So other than baptizing our son to reassure our families, we’ve skated over the issue of faith.
Some people believe faith is a gift; it’s a choice, a matter of spiritual discipline. I have a friend who was reared to believe, and he does.But his faith has wavereD、He has struggled to hang onto it and to pass it along to his children.Another friend of mine never goes to church because she’s a single mother who doesn’t have the gas money.But she once told me a day when she was washing oranges as the sun streamed onto them.As she peeled one, the smell rose to her face, and she felt she received the Holy Spirit. "He sank into my bones," she recounteD、"I lifted my palms upward, feeling filled with love."
Being no theologian, and not even a believer, I am not in a position to offer up theories, but mine is this: people who receive faith directly, as a spontaneous combustion of the soul, have fewer questions. They have been sparked with a faith that is more unshakable than that of those who have been taught.
Which of the following may be the best title of the passage

A、The Issue of Faith. B、
A、Child’s Fancy.
C、TheBelief in GoD、D、TheCombustion of Soul.
Humanbeingsareanimals.Webreathe,catenddi

Human beings are animals. We breathe, cat end digest, and reproduce-the same life{{U}} (71) {{/U}}common to all animals. In a biological laboratory, rats, monkeys, and humans seem very much the same.
However, biological understanding is not enough:{{U}} (72) {{/U}}itself, it can never tell us what human beings are. {{U}} (73) {{/U}}to our physical equipment—the naked human body—we are not an{{U}} (74) {{/U}}animal. We are tropical creatures, {{U}} (75) {{/U}}hairless and sensitive to colD、We are not fast and have neither claws nor sharp teeth to defend ourselves. We need a lot of food but have almost no physical equipment to help us get it. In the purely physical{{U}} (76) {{/U}}, our species seems a poor{{U}} (77) {{/U}}for survival.
But we have survived—survived and multiplied and{{U}} (78) {{/U}}the earth. Some day we will have a{{U}} (79) {{/U}}living on the moon, a place with neither air nor water and with temperatures that turn gases into solids. How can we have done all these things Part of the answer is physical. {{U}} (80) {{/U}}its limitations, our physical equipment has some important{{U}} (81) {{/U}}. We have excellent vision and hands that can{{U}} (82) {{/U}}objects with a precision unmatched by any other{{U}} (83) {{/U}}. Most importantly, we have a large brain with an almost{{U}} (84) {{/U}}number of neural{{U}} (85) {{/U}}.
We have used this physical equipment to create culture, the key to our survival and success. If we live in theArctiC、we supply the warmth our tropical bodies need{{U}} (86) {{/U}}clothing, shelter, and{{U}} (87) {{/U}}heat. If a million people want to live in a desert that supplies natural food for only a few hundred, we find water to grow food and{{U}} (88) {{/U}}deficits by transporting supplies from distant places. Inhabitants of our eventual moon colony will bring their own food and oxygen and then create an artificial earth environment to supply necessities. With culture, we can overcome our natural limitations.
It was not always{{U}} (89) {{/U}}. 0ur distant ancestors were just animals, faced with the limits of their physical equipment. They had no{{U}} (90) {{/U}}and lacked the physical capacity to use it.
A．on
B．with
C．for
D．by
Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssocia
At the fall 2001 Social Science HistoryAssociation convention inChicago, theCrime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and MichaelBellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed,American gun owners shot 100, 000 criminals in 1994 in self-defense — a preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment.
Contrary to Kleck and Lott,Bellesiles insists that guns andAmerica’s "gun culture" are responsible forAmerica’s high rates of murder. InBelleville’s opinion, relatively fewAmericans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them.As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among white, which was low everywhere, even in the South and on the frontier, where historians once assume guns and murder went hand in hanD、According toBellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after theCivil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of handguns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abateD、To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy.Belleville’s low estimates of gun ownership in earlyAmerica conflict, however, with those of every historian who has previously studied the subject and have thus far proven irreproducible.Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong.
Given the influence of Kleck, kott,Bellesiles and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun control and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence inAmerica, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.
The author’s main criticism of John kott is that he ______.

A、advocates private ownership of firearms
B、is not objective in his analysis
C、has analyzed a wrong periodD、has cited dubious statistics
Itisnotoftenrealizedthatwomenheldahighpl
It is not often realized that women held a high place in southernEuropean societies in the 10th and 11th centuries.As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry or decimum.Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The decimum was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to withhold consent, in all transactions the husband would make.And more than just a right: the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband, in no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife. The wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit.
A、case in point is that of Maria Vivas, aCatalanwoman ofBarcelon
A、Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, "for the sake of peace".Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, theCatalan wife knew how to win herself, within the context of the family, a powerful economic position.
Which of the following is not mentioned as an effect of the dowry system

A、The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage.
B、The husband was given control over his wife’s property.
C、The wife gained a powerful economic position.
D、The wife was protected from desertion.
{{B}}Text1{{/B}}Onekeyquestionforthenext

{{B}}Text 1{{/B}}
One key question for the next century is how we will provide energy in an environmentally sound way.
As living standards rise in the developing world, energy consumption will increase.As a result, many countries are now opening the door for private investment in a sector that used to be solely the preserve of government.
In the developed world too, the move is towards the deregulation end privatization of electricity generation and distribution. There is also a trend towards locally-generated energy, particularly in the developing worlD、Factories and shopping centers may one day have their own power sources.
Progress is also being made in minimising the environmental impact of energy production and consumption.A、motor car today puts out perhaps 5 percent of the pollution a new car did in 1970. We can produce clean power too— but it costs, so to some extent, in the new millennium(一千年) we’re going to have the environment we can afforD、
The spectre of scarce or impossibly expensive energy is no longer with us. thanks to a combination of opening up new regions of the world and new technologies. Shortage is very unlikely.Environmental considerations mean there is a seriousness too about alternative energy sources that wasn’t there ten years ago.
Right now the fuel cell is at the top of the list of alternative technologies.Advances in turbine transportation mean that natural gas is going to have an ever-increasing role. Nuclear power may prove competitive enough to have a much longer life than many expect, but until there’s a major change in public sentiment, I don’t expect m see much new nuclear construction.
Will the grip of oil on personal transportation continue Sport-utility vehicles like Land Rovers and Jeeps are hardly the perfect means of urban transport.But people have become very attached to their automobiles. So until we get around to technology where we beam ourselves arounD、I suspect we’ll continue to have them.
One area which is certainly not clear is the impact of the Internet on transportation. On the one hand, you will be able to accomplish by sitting in front of a screen what you used to have to go to the airport for: on the other, increased knowledge may well fuel a rising demand for travel. We are only at the beginning of a revolution that is already being called a bigger revolution than the internal combustion engine (内燃机).
Which of the following is true about the use of energyA．In the developing countries, there is a trend toward locally-generated energy.
B．In the developed world, clean power is used in motor ears.
C．A、motor car today puts out perhaps 5 times of the pollution a new car did in 1970.
D．Factories and shopping centers are able to have their own power sources.