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"credentials"inthelastparagraphrefersto_
"credentials" in the last paragraph refers to______.A．professional techniques
B．qualified certificates
C．personal qualifications
D．substantial formal education
Aboutadecadeago,then-RepublicanHouselead
About a decade ago, then-Republican House leader Newt Gingrich raised a big stir when he implied that a mother’s drowning of her two children in SouthCarolina was the result of years of permissive rule by theDemocrats.
His political enemies struck back, and it became a major moment in the morality plays of the 1990s. Gingrich is gone, relegated to the sidelines of the talking-head circuit.But after a decade of his Republicans in control, the headlines don’t seem all that different.
In the same month of an election in which a fifth or so of the voters said they were most concerned about fuzzily defined "moral values",Americans cringed at the news at home.
A、hunter slaughtering other hunters in Wisconsin.
A、mother hacking off her child’s limbs in Texas.
A、woman locking two little girls in a storage unit in Marylan
D、Then, the sad spectacles of out-of- control "athletes" and "fans" in hand-to-hand combat in Michigan and SouthCarolina sullied the week leading into Thanksgiving.But in this season of thankfulness, all of those episodes of failed civilization demand context. There remain significant things to be thankful for. This can be said even in the shadow of terrorism and an Iraqi War that has claimed the lives of more than 100Americans and countless Iraqis just this month.Consider:
The brave and selfless 18% 19- and 20-somethings who have fought and died or were maimed in Iraq andAfghanistan, including those who endured the hell of Fallujah. Whether you believe in the war in Iraq or not, the pictures of mothers and fathers, siblings and friends mourning over caskets atArlington NationalCemetery deserve to be remembered this holiday season. Their sacrifice is unmatched, and beyond our ability to repay. Remember them the next time you see a foot- ball player flex his muscles at the 50-yard line or an entertainer complain about not getting the respect he or she deserves.
Remember Pat Tillman, who quit theArizonaCardinals football team to join the military He died inAfghanistan. That’s real tragedy and sacrifice, not some pro basketball player getting kicked off the court for a year for trying to take a spectator’s head off.
The political system. OK, list your grievances first: billionaires trying to buy the election of 2004; lawyers cynically exploiting loopholes of a freshly passed campaign finance law; nasty words flying on the Internet and talk TV.About as many people remain distressed that PresidentBush won re-election as those who are glad he won.But despite all these caveats, you’d also have to agree that much of the world still changes leaders at the point of a gun or remains governed by blood or entitlement. Yet this country just persevered through one of its most bitter, hard- fought elections without violence or retribution. That must be worth something in these uncertain times.
The best title of this passage is______.
A、Human Threats,DisastersCompete for WorldAttention
B．Election: the Struggle between theDemocrats and the Republicans
C．DespiteBadBehaviors, There’s Plenty toBe Thankful for

D、PresidentBush Has More to Worry about than Iraqi War
46,Thebillwouldestablishprotectionagains
46, The bill would establish protection against — and criminal and civil penalties for — the improper ______of protected patient information.A．discovery
B．disappearance
C．disclosing
D．disclosure
Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto______
The primary purpose of this passage is to ______. A．report facts B．call for action C．argue for a new perspective D．condemn a social phenomenon
Atthepresenttime,98percentoftheworldener
At the present time, 98 percent of the world energy consumption comes from stored sources, such as fossil fuels or nuclear fuel. Only hydroelectric and wood energy represent completely renewable sources on ordinary time scales.Discovery of large additional fossil fuel reserves, solution of the nuclear safety and waste disposal problems, or the development of controlled thermonuclear fusion will provide only a short-term solution to the world’s energy crisis. Within about 100 years, the thermal pollution resulting from our increased energy consumption will make solar energy a necessity at any cost.
Man’s energy consumption is currently about one part in ten thousand that of the energy we receive from the sun. However, it is growing at a 5 percent rate, of which about 2 percent represents a population growth and 3 percent a per capita energy increase. If this growth continues, within 100 years our energy consumption will be about 1 percent of the absorbed solar energy, enough to increase the average temperature of the earth by about one degree centigrade if stored energy continues to be our predominant source. This will be the point at which there will be significant effects in our climate, including the melting of the polar ice caps, a phenomenon which will raise the level of the oceans and flood parts of our major cities. There is positive feedback associated with this process, since the polar ice cap contributes to the partial reflectivity of the energy arriving from the sun:As the ice caps begin to melt, the reflectivity will decrease, thus heating the earth still further.
It is often stated that the growth rate will decline or that energy conservation measures will preclude any long-range problem. Instead, this only postpones the problem by a few years.Conservation by a factor of two together with a maintenance of the 5 percent growth rate the problem by only 14 years. Reduction of the growth rate to 4 percent postpones the problem by only 25 years; in addition, the inequities in standards of living throughout the world will provide pressure toward an increase in growth rate, particularly if cheap energy is available. The problem of a changing climate will not be evident until perhaps ten years before it becomes critical due to the nature of an exponential growth rate together with the normal annual weather variations. This may be too short a period to circumvent the problem by converting to other energy sources, so advance planning is a necessity.
The only practical means of avoiding the problem of thermal pollution appears to be the use of solar energy. (Schemes to "air-condition" the earth do not appear to be feasible before the twenty-second century. ) Using the solar energy before it is dissipated to heat does not increase the earth’s energy balance. The cost of solar energy is extremely favorable now, particularly when compared to the cost of relocating many of our major cities.
2Onanaverageofsixtimesaday,adoctorinHoll
2
On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices "active" euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal (致死的) drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. "Active" euthanasia remains a crime on theDutch statute books, punishable by 12 years in prison.But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who car ries it out will not be prosecuteD、
Euthanasia, often called "mercy killing" is a crime everywhere in WesternEu- rope.But more and more doctors and nurses readily admit to practicing it, most often in the "passive" form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering eutha- nasia issue has lately boiled over into a, sometimes, fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves upholding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of hu mane treatment.After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining grounD、Recent polls inBritain show that 72 percent ofBritish subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances.An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.
Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy inEurope since at least 1936, when a bill was introduced in the House of Lords that would have legalized mercy killing under very tightly supervised conditions. That bill failed, as have three others introduced in the House of Lords since then.
Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to finD、Europeans, likeAmericans, are now living longer. Therefore, lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death.And the euthanasists argue that every hu man being should have the right to "die with dignity," by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization (住院治疗).
Most experts believe that euthanasia will continue to be practiced no matter what the law says.
What is the comment of the author on the problem of euthanasiaA．Euthanasia is not regarded as a crime in France.

B、More and more medical workers like to practice euthanasia, no matter what form it takes.
C．The problem of euthanasia is now being debated heatedly and openly.
D．There is not much difference between "active" and "passive" euthanasi
ThehistoryofWesternmusicproperlybeginswi
The history of Western music properly begins with the music of theChristian,Church.But all through the MiddleAges and even to the present time men have continually turned back to Greece and Rome for instruction, for correction, and for inspiration in their several fields of work; this has been true in music--though with some important differences. R6man literature, for example, never ceased to exert influence in the MiddleAges, and this influence became much greater in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries when more Roman works became known, at the same time, too, the surviving literature of Greece was gradually recovere
D、But in literature, as well as in some other fields (notably sculpture), medieval or Renaissance artists had the advantage of being able to study and, if they so desired, imitate the models of antiquity. The actual poems or statues were before them. In music this was not so. The MiddleAges did not possess a single example of Greek or Roman music--nor, it may be added, are we today much better off.About a dozen examples--half of them were fragments--of Greek music have been discovered, nearly all from comparatively late periods, but there is no general agreement as to just how they were meant to sound; there are no authentic remains of ancient Roman musiC、So we, as well as the men of medieval times, derive nearly all our knowledge of this art in the ancient civilizations at second hand from a few rather vague accounts of performances, but mostly from theatrical treatises and literary descriptions.
Artists in the period of Renaissance had the advantage of being able to study Roman and Greek literature and sculpture because ______.

A、they could obtain the first-hand materials
B、they could understand Greek and Latin
C、they were more intelligent than modern men

D、they were inspired by Roman and Greek literature
Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslit
Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hairstyles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.
This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women.Each year a few so-called top designers’ in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The doctrines of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surpriseD、
If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame.Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailed by the designers and the big stores,Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander wast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Woman who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-lines are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.
No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers.Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability That is for you to decide.
The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the ______ of clothing.A．suitability

B、comfort
C．appearance
D．fabric
Recentchangesinfederalgovernmentprioriti
Recent changes in federal government priorities have seen a reduction in financial support for parents who use childcare. This is occurring at a time when there is increasing social and financial pressure on parents, particularly mothers, to work. The issue of childcare and working mothers has been the subject of dispute for some time. Many argue that the best place for children is always in their own homes with their own parents. However, it is my contention that there are many advantages to be had from using childcare and the government should provide more financial assistance to parents who do so.
It has been argued that children who attend childcare centers at an early age miss out an important early learning that occurs in parent-child interaction. These children, so this argument goes, may be educationally disadvantaged later in life. However, childcare center may actually assist children in their early learning. They give children an opportunity to mix with other children and to develop social skills at an early age. Indeed, a whole range of learning occurs in childcare centers.
Another argument against the use of childcare facilities is that children can be emotionally deprived in these facilitates compared to the home. This argument assumes that the best place for children is to be at their parents’, especially mothers’, side for twenty-four hours a day. It claims that children’s emotional development can be damaged when they are left in childcare facilities. However, parents and children need to spend some time apart. Moreover, children became less dependent on their parents and parents themselves are less stressed and more effective care-givers when there are periods of separation. In fact, recent studies indicate that the parent-child relationship can be improved by the use of high-quality childcare facilities.
It could further be asserted that the government and the economy as a whole cannot afford the enormous cost involved in supporting childcare for working parents. However, working parents actually contribute to the national economy. They are able to utilize their productive skills and pay income tax, while non-working parents can become a drain on the tax system through dependent spouse and other rebates.
In conclusion, government support for childcare services assists individual families and is important for the economic well-being of the whole nation.
The writer agrees that ______ .A．childcare service is beneficial to children’s emotional growth
B．home is the best place for children
C．parents and children should spend as much time together as they could
D．children’s emotional development might be delayed in childcare facilities
Stephengrippedthe______wheelhardasthecar
Stephen gripped the ______ wheel hard as the car bounced up and down.A．stirring
B．driving
C．steering
D．revolving